福建省福州市達(dá)州鐵路中學(xué)2021年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試題含解析

福建省福州市達(dá)州鐵路中學(xué)2021年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.．-I

asanactorfor5yesra，butlneverfeltcontent．

-Isthatwhyyouturnedwriter?

A．worked

B．wouldwork

C．havebeenworking

D．haveworked參考答案：A略2.DocomehereonMonday,______we,asplanned,willtakepartinthegatheringofAIDSpreventionvolunteers.A． butB．a(chǎn)nd C．therefore D．or參考答案：B3.Heisnoteasytogetalongwith,butthefriendshipofhis,____willlastforever.A.oncegained

B.tobegained

C.aftergained

D.whilegained參考答案：A4.David,yourphone______forseveralminutes.Whydon’tyouanswerit?A.hasbeenringing

B.hadrungC.rang

D.wasringing參考答案：A5.Itiscareless_______suchamistake.

A.ofyoutomake

B.ofyourmaking

C.foryoutomake

D.foryourmaking參考答案：A略6.MyEnglishteacherhas______richexperienceinteachingandweallthinksheis______experiencedteacher.A.不填;an

B.a;an

C.不填;the

D.a;the

參考答案：A7.---WherewasthefilmTheWarringStatemade?---ItwasintheveryMovie&TelevisionBase

Ivisitedlastweek

thefilmwasmade.A.where;that

B.what;that

C.that;that

D.which;where參考答案：C8.----Sorry,I_______atyoutheotherday.---Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout

B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout

D.mustn’thaveshouted參考答案：B9.---Ireallyappreciate______forholidayswithyouonthisniceisland.---It’smypleasure.A.havingtime B.tohavetime C.havetime D.tohavingtime參考答案：A略10.

WhatIcouldnotunderstandis_______somanystudentshavelosttheirinterestinEnglish.

A.that

B.what

C.why

D.how參考答案：C11.______you’vefailedthefirstmonthlytest,youshouldgetdowntoworkinghardforthemid-termexam.

A.Inthat

B.Asthough

C.Eventhough

D.Nowthat參考答案：D12.Thedaytheywerelookingforwardto__________,sotheywereveryexcited.A.

arriving

B.

arrives

C.arrive

D.arrived參考答案：D略13.Thenewsuspensionbridge________bytheendoflastmonth.

A.havebeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.hasdesigned

D.haddesigned參考答案：B14.－Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?－Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut______.A.willneverreplace

B.wouldneverreplace

C.willneverbereplaced

D.wouldneverbereplaced參考答案：C15.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis

shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslike

shopsandrestaurants.A.that

B.how

C.what

D.why參考答案：A略16.Inmyopinion,workprovidesusmuch________justsalaryandincome;italsohelpsusrealizeourdreamsandmakesusfeelconfident.A.ratherthan B.otherthan C.betterthan D.morethan參考答案：D二、新的題型17.There’snothingworsethansittingnexttosomeonewhosebreathsmellsbad.InancientChina,peopleusedtoeataspecialplanttomaketheirbreathsmellbetter.____16____Howyourbreathsmellssaysalotaboutyourhealth.Scientistscannowtellwhetherornotsomebodyhasadiseasejustfromasimplebreathtest.___17___Breathismadeupofwastechemicals（化學(xué)物質(zhì)）thatthebodymakes,ScientistsfromtheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyfoundthatthesechemicalsaredifferentforeachperson.Infact,they’rejustlikefingerprints(指紋)-that'swhyscientistssometimescallthem"breathprints”.Comparedtootherkindsoftests,abreathtestismuchquicker.____18____Breathtestsarealsoaloteasiertodothanregulartests,aspeopleonlyneedtoblowintoaspecialmachine.___19___Ithasbeenusefulinfindingearlysignsofproblemssuchasstomachcancer._____20_____Andhopefullysomeday,visitstothehospitalwillbeaquickerandeasierforeveryone.A.Howdoesitwork?B.NowweuseguminsteadC.ThismachinewillhelptotesttheirbreathDInsteadoftakinghours,itonlytakesafewminutesEIt'smuchcheapertodoabreathtestthanothertestsF.TherearemanywaystomakeyourbreathsmellbetterG.Now,scientistsaretryingtousebreathtestsasmuchastheycan參考答案：16.B

17.A

18.D

19.C

20.G本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的呼吸測(cè)試來(lái)判斷某人是否患有疾病?，F(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們正試圖盡可能多地使用呼吸測(cè)試。希望有一天，醫(yī)院的探訪對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都將變得更快更容易?！?6題詳解】上文提示“在中國(guó)古代，人們吃一種特殊的植物，使他們的呼吸氣味更好。”承接上文，B項(xiàng)Nowweuseguminstead（現(xiàn)在我們用口香糖代替）切題。該項(xiàng)中的Now和上文中的ancient相吻合。故選B?！?7題詳解】上文提示“科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的呼吸測(cè)試來(lái)判斷某人是否患有疾病?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“瑞士聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，呼吸是由人體產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)廢物組成的，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)因人而異?！背薪由舷挛模珹項(xiàng)Howdoesitwork?（它是如何工作的?）切題。該項(xiàng)中的it指的是breathsmells。故選A。【18題詳解】上文提示“與其他測(cè)試相比，呼吸測(cè)試要快得多?！背薪由衔模珼項(xiàng)Insteadoftakinghours,itonlytakesafewminutes（它只需要幾分鐘，而不是幾個(gè)小時(shí)）切題。故選D?！?9題詳解】上文提示“呼吸測(cè)試也比常規(guī)測(cè)試容易得多，因?yàn)槿藗冎恍枰獙?duì)一臺(tái)特殊的機(jī)器吹氣。”再根據(jù)下文提示“它在發(fā)現(xiàn)胃癌等問(wèn)題的早期癥狀時(shí)很有用?！背薪由舷挛?，C項(xiàng)Thismachinewillhelptotesttheirbreath（這臺(tái)機(jī)器將有助于測(cè)試他們的呼吸）切題。故選C。【20題詳解】下文提示“希望有一天，醫(yī)院的探訪對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都將變得更快更容易?！背薪酉挛模珿項(xiàng)Now,scientistsaretryingtousebreathtestsasmuchastheycan（現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們正試圖盡可能多地使用呼吸測(cè)試）切題。故選G。三、閱讀理解18.BarbaraMcCintockwasoneofthemostimportscientists

ofthetwentiethcentury．Shemadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenes（基因）andchromosomes（染色體）．BarbaraMcClintockwasbornin1902inHartford，Connecticut．HerfamilymovedtoBrooklynareaofnewYorkCityin1908．Barbarawasanactivechildwithinterestsinsportsandmusic．Shealsodevelopedaninterestinscience．ShestudiedscienceatCornellUniversityinIthaca，NewYork．Barbarawasamongasmallnumberofundergraduatestudentstoreceivetrainingingeneticsin1921．Yearslater，shenotedthatfewcollegestudentswantedtostudygenetics．BarbaraMcClintockdecidedtostudybotany，thescientificstudyofplants，atCornellUniversity．Shecompletedherundergraduatestudiesin1923．McClintockdecidedtocontinuehereducationatCornell．Shecompletedamaster‘sdegreein1925．Twoyearslater，shefinishedallherrequirementsforadoctoratedegree．McCintockstayedatCornellaftershecompletedhereducation．Shetaughtstudentsbotany．The1930swerenotagoodtimetobeayoungscientistintheUnitedStates．ThecountrywasinthemiddleofthegreateconomicDepression．MillionsofAmericanswereunemployed．Malescientistswereofferedjobs．Butfemalegeneticistswerenotmuchindemand．AnoldfriendfromCornell，MarcusRhoades，invitedMcClintocktospendthesummerof1941workingattheColdSpringHarborLaboratory．ItisaresearchcenteronLongIsland，nearNewYorkCity．McClintockstartedinatemporary（臨時(shí)的）jobwiththegeneticsdepartment．Ashorttimelater，sheacceptedapermanent（永久的）positionwiththelaboratory．Thisgaveherthefreedomtocontinueherresearchwithouthavingtoteachorrepeatedlyaskforfinancialaid．Bythe1970s，herdiscoverieshadhadaneffectoneverythingfromgeneticengineeringtocancerresearch．McClintockwontheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinein1983forherdiscoveryoftheabilityofgenestochangepositionsonchromosomes．ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantowinanunsharedNobelPrize．4.WhendidMcClintockreceiveadoctoratedegree？A.In1921．B.In1923．C.In1925．D.In1927．5.DuringthegreateconomicDepressionintheUS，

．A.youngscientistshadtroublefindingajobB.femalegeneticistswerenotwantedatallC.malegeneticistswereingreatdemandD.malescientistswereoutofjob6.McClintockwasawardedaNobelPrizebecauseof

．A.herresearchinbotanyB.hercontributiontogeneticengineeringC.herdiscoveriesaboutgenesandchromosomesD.herunsharedworkinthelaboratory7.ThetextislikelytoappearinA.abiographyB.ahistorypaperC.anewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook參考答案：4.D

5.A

6.C

7.A【分析】這是一篇人物傳記類(lèi)閱讀。文章主要講述了著名女科學(xué)家BarbaraMcCintock的經(jīng)歷以及她在基因和染色體研究方面取得的重大成就?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。答案定位在第四段Shecompletedamaster‘sdegreein1925．Twoyearslater，shefinishedallherrequirementsforadoctoratedegree．可知BarbaraMcCintock在1925年獲得了碩士學(xué)位。兩年之后，她獲得了博士學(xué)位。故可推知BarbaraMcCintock在1927年取得了博士學(xué)位，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。答案定位在第五段The1930swerenotagoodtimetobeayoungscientistintheUnitedStates．ThecountrywasinthemiddleofthegreateconomicDepression．MillionsofAmericanswereunemployed．Males