高二英語人教新課標(biāo)版Unit4Sharing語法定語從句

定語從句復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句

定語從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等。

先行詞是物先行詞是人定語地點狀語時間狀語主賓主賓關(guān)系代詞whichthatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系副詞wherewhen注：1.介詞提前時一般只用which和whom。

2.whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich/ofwhom關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或定語起著副詞或介詞短語和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.關(guān)系詞的作用：①代替前面的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分②把兩個句子連起來構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

兩個簡單句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主從復(fù)合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞先行詞一般是名詞或代詞關(guān)系代詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞

thatwhichwhowhomwhose

that即指人又指物，作主語或賓語。which指物，作主語或賓語。who,whom指人,who作主語,whom作賓語。that,which,whom在定語從句中作賓語時，可省去。1.that在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物

1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.主語2)ThenoodlesthatIlookedweredelicious.賓語3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.主語4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.賓語）2.

Which

在從句中作主語或賓語，指物1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主語)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（賓語）3.

whowhom

在從句中分別作主語和賓語(口語中who也可作賓語)1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主語）2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（主語）

4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（賓語）3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（賓語）

在以疑問詞who開頭的句子中,或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時,用that,不用who。

Whoistheman

that

isshoutingthere?

Sheisnotthegirl

that

sheusedtobe.NOTE3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.4.

whose

在從句中作定語，指人或物1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.關(guān)系代詞which，whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，從句常有“介詞+which（或whom）”引出。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecityinwhichtheylive.Thisistheoldmanfromwhomwe’velearntalot.Ihaveasister.+

SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要見的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+

ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)Doyouknowthegirl?+

Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+

itswindowfacessouth.=Iliveinaroom________windowfacessouth.whosewhose=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ofwhichthewindow(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：

Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行詞有兩個，既有人也有物，要用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.

關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別

1.宜用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(3)如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.這是以前從未上演過的最有感染力的電視劇。

Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.

我們必須要考慮啟動我們工作的第一件事。

2.宜用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)定語從句的介詞提前時，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.as,which非限定性定語從句

由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.

Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it

(3)當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame，as,so修飾時，常用as

Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞由thesame修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同。

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：

(1)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(2）as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)；

先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語)。

準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone判斷改錯

1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

4.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

FFTT區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句

1．定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；

同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.

定語從句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.

同位語從句

2．定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時可以省略；

同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定語

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

3.同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.

Step4.關(guān)系副詞先行詞狀語地點where時間when原因why/forwhich關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或定語起著副詞或介詞短語和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語關(guān)系詞的作用：①代替前面的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分②把兩個句子連起來構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

兩個簡單句：Ivisitedthecity.Iwasborninthecity.=主從復(fù)合句：IvisitedthecitywhereIwasborn.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞=（inwhich）關(guān)系副詞：在定語從句中作狀語Thisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介詞短語）=Iwasbornthere（副詞).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意區(qū)別：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)whereinWewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.

____which注意區(qū)別：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon注意：1.Thankyouforthebookthatyougaveittomeyesterday.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞已代替了前面的先行詞，所以在從句中不能在重復(fù)了。what不能用于定語從句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,3.在介詞＋whom/which

結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根據(jù)先行詞來判斷根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的固定搭配來判斷onatofbeproudof;turntosb.forhelp4.（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、最高級＋）of＋whom/which結(jié)構(gòu)中，表所屬關(guān)系，”…當(dāng)中的…”

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.

whichThere54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom5.在非限制定語從句中，需注意以下幾點：

①

that

不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句②why

不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

③在非限制性的定語從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，只能用whom，不能用who替換，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.that