大學(xué)英語教案-Unit36

Unit6SectionAI.BackgroundKnowledgeTheGreatHanshinEarthquakeDisaster:At5:46:51AM,onJanuary17,1995,amagnitude7.2earthquakeoccurredaroundKobeCityinJapan.TheearthquakemagnitudewasdefinedbytheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA).Theearthquakewasnamed“the1995SouthHyogoPrefectureEarthquake”(orthe1995HyogokenNanbuEarthquake)byJMA.Itwasalsoreferredtoas“theGreatHanshinEarthquakeDisaster”bytheJapanesegovernment.II.TextAnalysisTheessayfocusesononecentraltheme;earthquakeprediction,(para1)prevention(para2)andpreparation(para3--6).Onecharacteristicwritingtechniquethatrunsthroughoutthewritingisageneralstatementsupportedbydetails.Para.1Ideally,peoplewouldliketoknowwhenanearthquakeisgoingtohappenandhowbaditwillbe.Para2;Topicsentence：Peoplewouldalsoliketobeabletopreventthegreatdestructionofpropertycausedbyearthquakes.Para3--6Thispartisabouthowpeopleneedtopreparethemselvesforthepossibilityofagreatearthquake.Topic：Peopleinareaswhereearthquakesarecommonneedtoprepareforthepossibilityofagreatearthquake.Para7;Thispartservesasaconclusion:evenifpredictionbecomespossibleinthefuture,peoplestillhavetodotheirbesttopreventdisastersbyimprovingbuildingstructuresandbybeingpersonallyprepared.III.LanguagePoints1.觀察某物以獲取······/小心等待towatchsth.for…/towatchfor(L.4)他一直在等待著恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r機來表達對她的愛慕之情。Hehasbeenwatchingfortherightmomenttoexpresshisfeelingofloveforher.2.爬出······/有······結(jié)果tocomeoutof(L.6)你的好心自然會有好報。Goodrewardwillcertainlycomeoutofyourgoodintention.3.據(jù)報道說以異常的方式做某事tobereportedtodosth.inunusualpatterns(L.9)據(jù)報道說他們在以不尋常的方式慶祝勝利。Theyarereportedtobecelebratingtheirvictoryinunusualpatterns.4.抵御地震的力量towithstandthepowerofearthquakes(L.18)經(jīng)受不住艱難困苦考驗的友誼不可能長久。Anyfriendshipthatcan’twithstandthetrialofhardshipsisnotlikelytolastlong.5.是關(guān)注的重點tobeamajorconcern(L.18)怎樣防止非典的卷土重來(resurgence)是公眾關(guān)注的重點之一。HowtopreventtheresurgenceofSARSisoneofthemajorconcernsamongthepublic.6.把某物插入……中／中間toinsertsth.in/into/between(L.26)麥?zhǔn)瞎?MaxwellHouse)在一家報紙上曾刊登了一則廣告：滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。TheMaxwellHouseinsertedinanewspaperanadvertisement:Goodtothelastdrop.7.將某物包入／裝入······toenclosesth.in…(L.28)他隨信附上了一張生日賀卡，上面寫著賀詞——愿這小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我無盡的祝福。Enclosedinhisletterwasabirthdaycard,onwhichwasamessage—Turnmylittlecardintowhitecloudsthattakemyendlessblessingstoyou.8.為······的可能性作好防備toprepareforthepossibilityof…(L.30)大學(xué)生活的目的就是使我們?yōu)槲磥砜赡艹霈F(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)做好準(zhǔn)備?；顚W(xué)活用Thepurposeofcollegelifeistoprepareusforthepossibilityoffuturechallenges.9.把某物附加在/依附于······之上toattachsth.to…(L.31)她深深眷戀著與他共享過的美好時光。Sheisfondlyattachedtothegoodolddaysshesharedwithhim.10.使水飲用安全tomakewatersafetodrink(L.37)對我們來說，重要的是如何使我們的校園生活過得有意義、有成效。Whatmatterstousishowtomakeourcampuslifemeaningfulandfruitful.11.手邊備有某物tokeepsth.handy(L.41)同樣重要的是,采取什么措施才能使我們的青少年遠離毒品。Alsoimportantiswhatmeasurestotaketokeepourteenagersfarawayfromdrugs.12.撲滅/生產(chǎn)／投資／發(fā)揮toputout(L.42)他演講結(jié)束時呼吁大學(xué)生在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)期間發(fā)揮出全部的主觀能動性。Hisspeechendedinanappealtocollegestudentstoputoutalltheirsubjectiveinitiativeduringthecourseofcollegestudies.13.就······取得一致意見toagreeon(L.49)不同的人對人生有不同的解釋，很難取得一致的看法。Differentpeopleattachdifferentmeaningstolife,onwhichitishardforthemtoagree.14.忙于做某事tobebusywith/doingsth.(L.53)貪官一旦被提拔到更高的職位,就會忙于濫用職權(quán)。Oncepromotedtoahigherposition,acorruptofficialwillbebusyabusinghispower.15.登記/報到tocheckin(L.56)他昨晚在這個旅館用假名登記住宿但今早他又結(jié)帳離開了。Hecheckedinatthishotelunderafalsenamelastnightbutthismorninghecheckedout.16.對······了解甚多tolearnagreatdealabout(L.58)通過這本書，你可以了解許多有關(guān)非洲的風(fēng)土人情。Withthisbook,youcanlearnagreatdealabouttheconditionsandcustomsofAfrica.17.精確預(yù)測地震topredictearthquakeswithaccuracy(L.61)衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)可以幫助人類非常精確地繪制地圖。Thesatellitesystemcanhelpmandrawmapswithgreataccuracy.18.對······有抵抗力/抵制力toberesistantto…(L.63)使自己遠離疾病的最好途徑是通過鍛煉身體增強對疾病的抵抗力。Thebestwayofkeepingyourselffarawayfromdiseasesistobuildupyourresistancetothembyexercising.19.在······方面／使······大不一樣tomakeagreatdifferencein/to…(L.65)對我們來說，生男生女都一樣。Itmakesnodifferencetouswhetherthebabyisagirloraboy.20.關(guān)于如何做某事的教育educationconcerninghowtodosth.(L.65)關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的法規(guī)仍不完善。Thelawsandregulationsconcerningtheenvironmentalprotectionarestillfarfromperfect.原句:Afterall,mostofthepeoplewhodieinearthquakesarekilledbyfallingbuildings.Therefore,buildingstructuresthatcanwithstandthepowerofearthquakesisamajorconcern.(L.15)III.Expressions&Patterns1.TypicalpatternsforreasoningAfterall,…(理由)Therefore,…isamajorconcern/emphasis.(觀點)要知道／畢竟，······所以，······是關(guān)注的重點。要知道，多數(shù)在地震中喪生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，建造具有抗震能力的樓房結(jié)構(gòu)成為關(guān)注的重點。應(yīng)用：a.要知道，我們?nèi)匀皇且粋€發(fā)展中國家。所以，如何使我們的國民經(jīng)濟保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展將是關(guān)注的重點。Afterall,wearestilladevelopingcountry.Therefore,howtokeepoureconomicdevelopmentsustainablewillbeamajorconcern.應(yīng)用：b.要知道，未來社會更看重具備綜合素質(zhì)的人才。所以，對大學(xué)生的全面教育應(yīng)是大學(xué)改革的重點所在。Afterall,thefuturesocietywillattachmoreweighttothosewithcomprehensivequalities.Therefore,carryingoutall-roundeducationonstudentsshouldbeamajoremphasisforthecollegereforms.2)Sth./Sb.seemsto…,butnotif…某人／物似乎······,但如果······就不······原句:Steelseemstobethebestmaterial,butnotifitisweldedtoformarigidstructure.(L.19)鋼似乎是最佳的建材,但一旦被焊接成僵硬的結(jié)構(gòu)就不行了。應(yīng)用：a.因特網(wǎng)似乎是人類所知的最好的信息源，但如果遭到電腦病毒的大規(guī)模襲擊就不行了。TheInternetseemstobethebestinformationsourceeverknowntoman,butnotifitissubjectedtoalarge-scaleattackofcomputerviruses.應(yīng)用：b.容貌似乎是她在演藝界成功的關(guān)鍵,但如果她缺乏內(nèi)在素質(zhì)就不行了。Goodlooksseemtobethekeytohersuccessintheshowbusiness,butnotifshelacksgenuinecore.原句:Besidesworkingtoimprovebuildingstructures,peopleinareaswhereearthquakesarecommonneedtoprepareforthepossibilityofagreatearthquake.(L.29)2.Typicalpatternsforfurthersuggestion1)Besides/Inadditionto/Apartfromworking/seekingto…,sb.needsto…除了設(shè)法······外,某人也/還需要······除了設(shè)法改善建筑結(jié)構(gòu)外，地震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們也需要為可能發(fā)生的大地震做好防備工作。應(yīng)用：a.除了設(shè)法提高自己的文化水平外，一個大學(xué)生還需要提高自己的道德修養(yǎng)。Besidesseekingtoimprovehis/herintellectuallevel,acollegestudentneedstorefinehis/hermoraltaste.應(yīng)用：b.除了設(shè)法改革課程結(jié)構(gòu)外，校方還需最大限度地豐富校園生活。Besidesseekingtoreformthestructuresofcourses,theuniversityneedstoenrichthecampuslifetothefullest.原句:Itisalsoimportanttohavesomethingthatcancleanwaterandkillbacteria,sowaterfromothersourcescanbemadesafetodrink.(L.36)III.Expressions&Patterns2)Itisalsoimportant(forsb.)todosth.,so…(clause)做某事(對某人)也很重要，這樣······儲備一些可以凈化水和消滅病菌的東西也很重要，這樣就可以安全飲用其他來源的水了。Back應(yīng)用：a.培養(yǎng)一種高尚的情操對一個人也是很重要的，這樣就可以使其生活脫離低級趣味。Itisalsoimportantforapersontocultivateanoblesentiment,sohis/herlifecanbekeptfreefrombadtaste.應(yīng)用：b.了解目標(biāo)語的文化背景也是很重要的,這樣就可以大大加快你語言學(xué)習(xí)的速度。Itisalsoimportanttoknowtheculturalbackgroundofthetargetlanguage,soyourlanguagelearningcanbegreatlyaccelerated.1):Perhapsmostinteresting,andmosteasilymeasured,isachemicalchangeingroundwaterbeforeaquake.(L.10)3.TypicalpatternsforemphasisPerhapsmost/Particularly+adj./PP,andmost+adj./PP,is…也許最／尤其······、也最······的，是······也許最有趣、也最容易測量的，是地震前地下水發(fā)生的化學(xué)變化。應(yīng)用：a.也許最難能可貴、也最令人欽佩的，是他出污泥而不染的品質(zhì)。Perhapsmostremarkable,andmostadmirable,ishisvirtueofremaininghonestinspiteofgeneralcorruption.應(yīng)用：b.尤其令人神往，也最令人難忘的，是這里的美景給我們的心靈所帶來的震撼。Particularlyfascinating,andmostunforgettable,istheextenttowhichthebeautifulsceneryherehasshockedoursouls.原句:2)Alsoimportantisanarrangementforfamilymemberstocommunicateifthereisanearthquake.(L.50)Also＋adj.(forsb.)is…(if/when…)(對某人來講)同樣······的是······句型提煉同樣重要的是安排好家人地震時的聯(lián)絡(luò)方式。應(yīng)用：a.目前對政府來講同樣緊迫的是如何廣開就業(yè)門路。Alsopressingforthegovernmentatpresentishowtoopenallavailablechannelsforemployment.應(yīng)用：b.對于家長同樣要緊的是教會孩子在遇到危險的時候如何保護自己。IV.WtritingWriting（原因分析類）TheChangesinSomething1.簡述某一事物的變化情況2.說明引起變化的原因3.分析其影響或走向ChangesinGreatNaturalDisastersWorldwide寫作模式（原因分析類）1)Ascanbeseenfromthegraph/table/diagram,therehavebeendrastic/considerable/unfavorablechangesin…(議論的主題)overthepastperiodfrom__to__.2)Tobeconcrete,…only…in__(year)while/whereastheratio(s)wentupto…in__(year).(變化概述)3)Thesechangesaremostdisturbing,soitisnecessaryforustogointothewhysandwhereforesofthemfirst.(Para.1)4)Somechanges,suchas…,resultfrom…,butmanyothershavemuchtodowith…5)Inthefirstplace,man’sexcessiveexploitationof…h(huán)asdonealastingdamageto…,onlyto…(原因分析I)6)…(進一步說明)7)Inthesecond,inorderto…,manhashadtooverwork…,whichinturnhasaccelerated…(原因分析II)8)Inthethird,man’sblindapplicationof…h(huán)ascausedpermanentchangesin…(原因分析III)9)Amongthesechangesare...(進一步說明)(Para.2)10)Thelistofcausescouldgoon,buttheyarealreadyenoughtoindicatethatthesechangesareproducingmoreandmorenegativeeffectsontheworld.11)Thesechangesnotonly…,butalso…(分析)12)Ifallowedtorunitscourse,Ifirmlybelieve/Iamafraid,thistrendwillcertainlybringmoreharm/threatstooursociety/life.(結(jié)論句)(Para.3)TheChangesinGreatNaturalDisastersWorldwide1.簡述所給圖表中的變化。2.說明引起變化的主要原因。3.分析這些變化對全球的影響。1)Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,therehavebeenrapidchangesinthegreatnaturaldisastersworldwideoverthepastperiodfrom1960sto1990s.2)Tobeconcrete,therewereonly16terriblenaturaldisasters,causing300,000deathsin1960swhiletheratioswentuprespectivelyto131and1,100,000in1990s.3)Thechangesaredisturbing,soitisnecessaryforustogointothewhysandwhereforesofthemfirst.4)Somechanges,suchasthoseinearthquakesandvolcaniceruptions,resultfromthemovementofplatesalongtheweaknessesintheearth’scrust,butmanyothershavemuchtodowithman’sactivities.5)Inthefirstplace,man’smindlessandexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresourceshasdonealastingdamagetotheecosystem,onlytoinvitemorefloods,landslidesandmud-rockflows.6)TherarefloodtowhichChinawassubjectedin1998istypicaloftheevilseedsmanhadsowedforhimself.7)Inthesecond,inordertofeedtheirmoreandlargerfamilies,peoplefromallovertheworldhavehadtooverworktheirfarminglandaswellastheirgrassland,whichinturnhasacceleratedthedesertificationofthelandonwhichtheyhavebeenrelyingforexistence.8)Inthethird,man’sblindapplicationofscientificfindingshascausedunfavorableandpermanentchangesinthegloballivingenvironment.9)Amongthesechangesarethedepletionofozonelayer,theworseningofgreenhouseeffect,therecurrenceofhurricanesandtheextinctionofmorespecies.10)Thelistofcausescouldgoon,buttheyarealreadyenoughtoindicatethatthesechangesareproducingmoreandmorenegativeeffectsontheworld.11)Theyhavenotonlymadeitimpossibleforthenaturalsystemstorecovertheirbalancebutalsomadeitharderformantoensurehisbettersurvival.12)Ifallowedtorunitscourse,Iamafraid,thistrendwillcertainlybringmoreseriousthreatstoallthelivingthingsontheEarth,mankindincluded.SectionBI.ReadingSkillsScanninginvolvessearchingfordetailsorisolatedfacts(seeUnit1)whereasskimmingistoreadquicklyinordertogetthegeneralideaofapassage.Skimmingrequiresthereadertonoteonlyinformationandclueswhichprovideanideaofthecentralthemeortopicofapieceofwriting.SkimmingWhenyouskim,youreadonlyselectedsentencesinordertogetthemainidea.Youshouldalsousetextualcluessuchasitalicizedorunderlinedwords,headlinesorsubtitles,spacing,paragraphing,etc.Donotreadeverywordorsentence.Onceyouhaveageneralideaaboutanarticleyoumaydecidetoreadtheentireselectioncarefully,oronlytoscanforspecificpiecesofinformationinordertoanswerquestionswhichhaveoccurredtoyou.Whenyouskim,youprobablyhavetomoveyoureyesfasterthanwhenyouscanalthoughthesamestepsofreadingareinvolved.Ofcourse,thekeystepistodecidewhatinformationyouwanttoknow,andthentrytoskimforit.

ThefollowingaresomeexamplesfromPassageAinthisunittoexplainhowtoskimfortheparticularinformationthatareaderisinterestedin.Afterhavingabrieflookatthetitleofthereadingpassage,youmightwanttoknow:WhereshallIfindtheinformationaboutearthquakeprediction,preventionandpreparation?

Toskimfortheplacesfortheinformationinquestion,thereaderactuallyjustneedstoreadthefirstsentenceofeachparagraphinthetext.Sentence1,Paragraph1tellshim/herthatthisistheplaceforinformationaboutearthquakeprediction;Sentence1,Paragraph2forinformationaboutearthquakeprevention;thefirstsentenceofParagraphs3,4,5,6forinformationaboutpreparationagainstearthquake.Afterreadingtwoparagraphs,youmightwanttoknow:Howshouldpeoplegetpreparedforanearthquake?

Sincethereadernowknowswheretogettheinformationaboutearthquakepreparation,he/shemaymovehis/hereyesveryquicklydowntheserelevant(有關(guān)的)paragraphs,skimmingfortheanswer,whichisofferedasfollows:

1.regularlycheckandreinforcetheirhomes;(Para.3)

2.havesuppliesofwaterandfoodathomeandatwork;(Para.4)

3.keepafireextinguisherhandy,etc.;(Para.5)

4.haveearthquakeemergencyplans.(Para.6)Directions:NowskimPassageBfortheanswerstothefollowingquestionsinthreeminutes.1.WherecanyoufindtheinformationabouttheformationanddevelopmentoftheEarth?2.WhenwastheEarthformed?3.WhendidthefirsthumanbeingswalktheEarth?1.InParagraphs3,4and5.Youcangettheanswerbyreadingthefirstsentenceoftheseparagraphsveryquickly.2.About5billionyearsago.(Para.3)Youcanhavetheanswerbyjustskimmingforthewords“theEarth”and“formed”.3.About3millionyearsago.(Para.4)Youcangettheanswerbyjustskimmingforthewords“thefirsthumanbeings”.4.Whichsectionisaboutmen’scontrolovernaturalresources?5.Whichsectionisaboutthebalanceofnature?4.Section2.Yougettheansweronlybynoticingthespacingandreadingtheheadlineofthesection.5.Section3.Youhavetheansweronlybynoticingthespacingandreadingtheheadlineofthesection.II.TextAnalysisPart1;(para1--5)despitetheshorttimeofhumanbeingsonearth.manhasbroughtaboutenormouschanges.Part2(para6--10)peopletrytocontrolallthenaturalresourcesPart3(para1114)alltheharmfulresultsconcerningtheimbalanceofnaturecomefromthetoomuchuseofresourcesandthehumanstruggletocontroltheenvironmentIII.LanguagePoints1Asingletreemayseemlargecomparedtoaperson(para2)comparedto/with;incomparisonwitheg;I’mquiteapatientperson,comparedwithhim跟他相比，我算是有耐心的。ComparedtotheplacewhereIgrewup,thistownisexciting.與我成長的地方比，這個鎮(zhèn)熱鬧多了。2Inotherwords,thingsinnaturearelargeorsmall,neworold,onlyinaccordancewiththemeasureandthecomparisoninvolved.Inotherwords;thatistosay,expressedinadifferentwayeg;Iotherwords,youhavetodoalltheexercisesfrompage10to12換言之，你們得做10到12頁上的所有練習(xí)。Themobilelibraryserviceshavebeenreorganized—inotherwords,theyvisitfewerplaces.移動圖書館的服務(wù)重新做了調(diào)整，也就是說，他們?nèi)サ牡胤缴倭恕?．。。onlyinaccordancewiththemeasuresandthecomparisonsinvolvedinaccordancewith;inagreementorharmonywitheg;Wearerequiredtoactinaccordancewithhisinstructions我們被要求依照他的指示辦事。Deedsshouldbeinaccordancewithwords言與行應(yīng)該一致。4．TheEarthwasformedabout5millionyearsagofromarotating,….form….from;makesthfromeg;Thesesubstancesareformedfromamixtureofliquids這些物質(zhì)是由不同的確液體混合而成的。Thereisaproposaltoformanewpolitalpartyfromthosebreakingawayfromthemajorgroups有人提議，由從各大組織中分化出來的人組成一個新的政黨。5．Theoceansbegantodevelopanenormoussystemoflivingthings,withmanydiversformsoflives,alldependentononeanother.(Para.4)diverseformsoflife:differentformslifealldependentononeanother:alltheformsoflifebeingdependentononeanotherThefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,...(Para.4)Sphere:n.anobjectshapedlikearoundballAtthetopofeachcolumnissphereofwhitemarble.每一根柱子的頂端有一個白色大理石圓球。2）arangeorareaofactivityManycountrieshavedifficultiesintheeconomicsphere.許多國家在經(jīng)濟方面遇到了困難。DuringtheColdWar,WesternEuropewasAmerica’ssphereofinfluence.冷戰(zhàn)期間，西歐是美國的勢力范圍。About200millionyearsago,warm-bloodedanimalstooktotheair-thefirstbirds.(Para.4)Taketo:1）begintodo(sth.)asapractice,habit,ete.Whenhelearnedofehtusefulnessofforeignlanguages,hetooktostudyingEnglishwithgreatzeal.當(dāng)他知道外語的用處后，就開始以極大的熱情學(xué)習(xí)英語。2）bekindoffavorableto:likeHeseemedsuchalovelychild;Itooktohimimmediately他看上去是那么可愛的一個男孩，我立刻喜歡上了他。3)goto(aplace)forrest,hiding,etcHewasforcedtotaketohisbed他被迫臥床休息。8．IntermsoftheevolutionoflifeonEarth,humanbeingshavejustarrived(para.5)1）intermsof;from….pointofview;withregardstoTheworkisnotprofitableintermsofcash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit.從錢的角度來說，這份工作并不有利可圖，但我從中獲得了寶貴的經(jīng)驗。Intermsofmoney,theoldmanisveryrich,butnotintermsofhappiness.從錢的角度來說，這個老人很富有，但就幸福而言，他卻不是這樣。2）evolution;na)thedevelopmentoflivingthingsoverthousandsofyearsfromsimpleearlyformsTheTheoryofevolutionisadvancedbyDarwin.進化論是由達爾文提出的。Inthecourseofevolution,somebirdshavelosttheirpowerofflight在進化過程中，一些鳥喪失了飛行的能力.b)theprocessofgradualdevelopmentandchange;evolvingTheevolutionofmodernmotorcarisaninterestingsubjest.現(xiàn)代汽車的發(fā)展是一個很有趣的課題。9．。。。changesfaroutofproportiontotheintervaloftimetheyhaveoccupiedit.(para5)outof(all)proportionto;toolarge,serious,important,etc.Thepriceofthissuitisoutofallproportiontoitsvalue.這套西服的價格與它的價值不成比例。Hewasfined1,000dollarsforspitting.Thefinewasoutofallproportiontotheseriousnessoftheoffence.他因為隨地吐痰被罰1，000美金，罰金與過錯的嚴(yán)重程度不太成比例。10．。。。itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.(Para.8)survivedon:continueliveonorexistbyHesurvivedinthedesertforaweekonbiscuitsandwate.他在沙漠中靠餅干和水維持了一個星期。11……futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutpovertyandsuffering.(Para.8)bringabout:causetohappenThereformandopening-uphasbroughtaboutprofoundchangestothemountainregions.改革開放給山區(qū)帶來了深刻的變化。Scienceandtechnologyhasbroughtaboutgreatchangesinourlives.科學(xué)技術(shù)給我們的生活帶來了很大的變化。12．Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.(para8)restraint;nrestrainingorbeingrestrainedHeshowedgreatrestrainteventhoughhewasveryangry盡管他很生氣，但他表現(xiàn)得很克制。Hisragewasbeyondrestraint他怒不可遏。2)athingthatrestrainsorcontrolsAtthattimetheyoungmanwassufferingfromtherestraintsofillnessandpoverty當(dāng)時，這位年輕人貧病交加。Hehatestherestraintsoflifeinasmalltown.他討厭小鎮(zhèn)生活的約束。13．Yettheirnumberscreateadrainonresourcesthatcan’tberenewed.(para9)Drain;nsththatdrains,empties,orusesupAllthisspendingisadrainonthemoneyIhavesavedthroughhardwork.這些花費極大得消耗了我辛苦勞作攢下的一點積蓄。Workingdayandnightisagreatdrainonhisstrengthandhealth.沒日沒夜的工作對他的精力和健康消耗極大。14．Allnaturalsystemstendtowardsbalanceamongopposingfactorsorforces.(para12)oppose;vt,disagreewith,oftenbyspeakingorfightingagainstMrsmithhaspersonallyopposedjoiningtheorganization.史密斯先生個人反對加入組織。Parentsandchildrenareonopposingsidesofmostarguments.在大部分的爭論中，父母和孩子總是處于相反的立場。Beopposedto;disapprovestronglyTheyarestronglyopposedtothedevelopmentofnuclearweapons.他們強烈反對發(fā)展核武器。Heandhiscolleagueswereopposedtotheplan.他和他的同事門強烈反對這個計劃。15.Cleaningthissmokehasexceededtheprotectiveabilityofnaturalprocesses.(para.12)exceed;vt,begreaterthan(anumberoramount),orgobeyond(acertainlimit)Ifthecostexceedsthebudget,thehospitalwillpay,butconversely,iftheactualcostischeaper,thehospitalprofits.如果花費超過了預(yù)算，有醫(yī)院付錢，但反之，如果實際費用低于預(yù)算，醫(yī)院就贏利。Myhusband’sweeklylunchbillsexceedmymonthlyincome.我丈夫每周午餐的花費超過了我的月收入。16．Whyistherethethreatofglobalwarming?（para14）Threat;naperson,thingoridearegardedsaapossibledangerThosepeoplepresentatruethreattothecommunity那些人對社會構(gòu)成了真正的威脅。Thiswasregardedbythegovernmentasapossiblethreattonationalsecurity.政府認(rèn)為著對國家安全構(gòu)成了威脅anexpressionofanintentiontohurt,punish,causepainetc.herefusedtoconsiderhiswife’sthreattoleavehim他的妻子揚言要離開他，但他拒絕考慮這一威脅。Hewasunderthethreatthathisagedmotherwouldbekilled有人揚言要將他的老母親殺了，asuggestionthatsth,unpleasantwillhappen.Therewasathreatofwinterintheair從空氣中可以感到寒冬即將來臨。Thethreatofbankruptcyhungoverthecompany破產(chǎn)的預(yù)兆籠罩著那家公司。17.ThetwentiethcenturybeganwithpowerfulcountriescompetingtotakeadvantageoftheEarth.(para15)takeadvantageof;makeuseofTheyoungmantookadvantageofthisgoodopportunitytogoonabusinesstripwithhisbossandgainedtheboss’sfavor那個年輕人利用這次與老板一起出差的好機會贏得了老板的歡心。Thecompanytookadvantageoftheproductexhibitionandsignedmanycontractswithitsclients.該公司利用產(chǎn)品展覽會與客戶簽了許多合同。18．Nowpeopleallovertheworldarelivingwiththeproblemscausedbythisabuse.(para15)livewith;learntoacceptsth,unpleasantIdon’tlikethenoiseofthesehigh-pitchedloudspeakers,butI’velearnttolivewithit.我不喜歡那些高音喇叭的喧鬧聲，但我已經(jīng)學(xué)會適應(yīng)它了Itcanbehardtolivewiththefactthatyouaregettingolder.人越活越老是個很難叫人接受的事實。19．Nowthattheyarenolongerignorantofthesicknessofourplanet,theyseekwaystohelptheEarth,togivebackwhattheytakeaway.(para15）nowthat;becauseofthefactNowthatthechildrenhavelefthomewecanmovetoasmallerhouse既然子女都不在家里住，我們可以搬到一個小一點的房子里住。20．Nowthattheyarenolongerignorantofthesicknessofourplanet.(para15）ignorant;aknowinglittleornothingIdidnotjointhatorganizationuntilafterthewarandIwasignorantaboutitsstructureanddiscipline直到戰(zhàn)后我才加入哪個組織，當(dāng)時我對它的結(jié)構(gòu)和紀(jì)律都一無所知Thedoctorthoughtthattheyounggirlwasignorantofthefactthatshehadcancer,butshewasn’t大夫以為這個女孩對她自己得了癌癥的事一無所知，但事實并非如此。lackingeducationHeisanignorantpersonhealwaysgoesthroughadoorinfrontofalady.他是一個很無禮的人，--他總是在進門時走在女士前面。Hewasratherignorantsometimesandmadealotofnoisesincinemawhenthemoviewasgoingon.他有時很無禮，在電影院里，當(dāng)電影正在放映時他大聲喧嘩。PassageA如何做好防震準(zhǔn)備工作從理想上說，人們希望知道地震什么時候發(fā)生，破壞程度如何。在日本和中國，人們長期以來一直相信地震是可以預(yù)測的。在日本，科學(xué)家在陸地上和海洋中鋪設(shè)電線，以監(jiān)測它們的運動。而中國人的傳統(tǒng)做法是觀察動植物以獲取地震的警示信號。例如，中國人已經(jīng)注意到，地震之前雞的行為有些異常，：它們夜晚不肯進籠。他們還注意到，蛇會爬出洞穴而凍死，狗會狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安靜的狗也會叫個不停。日本的阪神地震發(fā)生之前，有報告說大批魚群游到了水面，有些鳥，如鴿子，也似乎顯得特別聒噪，據(jù)說地震前它們的飛行的方式也與往常不同。也許最有趣、也最容易測量的，是地震前地下水發(fā)生的化學(xué)變化。實驗似乎表明，地震前地下水中含氡的含量會增高。人們還希望能夠預(yù)防地震造成的重大財產(chǎn)損失。要知道，多數(shù)地震中喪生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，建造具有抗震能力的樓房