工業(yè)革命（雙語版修改）課件

WorldHistory張家港高級中學趙燁Lecture（講授新課）Industrial

Revolution

in

England英國工業(yè)革命Expansion

of

Industrial

Revolution工業(yè)革命的擴展Effect

of

Industrial

Revolution工業(yè)革命的影響Lead

in(導入新課）Watch

part

of

the

film<

Modern

Time>The

IndustrialRevolution工業(yè)革命Which

country

was

the

birth

placeof

theindustrial

revolution?Why?England.Because

shehad the

ideal

economicand

political

conditionsIndustrial Revolution

in

EnglandPrerequisite（前提）Conditions（條件）Process（經(jīng)過）Glorious

Revolution光榮革命<the

Declaration

of

Right>權(quán)利法案Industrial

Revolution

in

EnglandPrerequisitTehe

set

up

of

capitalism

s資本主義制度的建立ConditionsProcessMinds人才Trade

with

the

east殖民貿(mào)易Slave

trade奴隸貿(mào)易Slave

trade三角奴隸貿(mào)易Money資

本Enclosure

Acts〈圈地法令〉Manpower勞動力Market市場Industrial

Revolution

in

EnglandConditionsProcessPrerequisitTehe

set

up

of

capitalism

sMindsMoneyManpowerMarket(1704-1764)Flying

shuttle飛梭Handlom

weaverusing

Kays

flying

shuttle織工正在使用凱依的飛梭Jersey

Wheel舊式紡車In

the

1860’s

the

industry

revolution

began

in

the

c十九世紀六十年代工業(yè)革命首先從棉紡織領(lǐng)域開始James

Hargreves’

spinning

Jenny哈格里夫斯的珍妮紡紗機Drawing

of

Arkwright’s

waterframe阿克萊特的水力織布機Crompton’s

Spinning

Mule克隆普頓的騾機Edmund

Carwright’s

Powered

loom卡特萊特的水力織布機Power

was

provided

by

water動能由水力提供James

Watt’s

steam

engine瓦特的蒸汽機Cottage

IndustryIn

the

1840’s

,the

factory

systemtook

the

place

ofthe

cottageIndustry

system.That’s

the

end

of

tIndustry

revolution19世紀40年代，

工廠取代了手工作坊。第一次工業(yè)革命結(jié)束。Power

Loom

FactoryIn

the

1840’s

,the

factory

system

took

the

pthe

cottage

Industry

system.That’s

the

end

of

the

Industry

revoluHow

to

transportnumerous

goods?如何把堆積如山的商品運輸出去？Horse

Drawn

Carriage馬

車In

the

USA

,Robert

Fulton

made

the

first美國人富爾頓首先制成了汽船In

England,George

Stephenson

made

the

first

loco英國人史蒂芬孫制成火車機車Compared

with

the

carriathe

capability

of

transportation

of

train同馬車相比火車的運輸能力大大提高The

industry

revolution

took

place

mainlSoon

she

became

known

as

the

“workshop

ofbecause

she

supplied

foreign

cowith

goods

continuoThen

the

industry

revolution

and

factorspread

to

the

United

States

and

the

rest第一次工業(yè)革命主要發(fā)生在英國，她被稱為“世界工廠”接著工業(yè)革命推向美國和歐洲的其它地區(qū)。Discussion（討論）Say

something

aboutthe

industry

revolution

in

French說一說關(guān)于法國工業(yè)革命的情況。By

theend

of

the

19th

century,Frenchhad

set

up

the

Capitalism

System

.She

had

vast

colony

which

was

only

secondto

England.But

French’s

industry

revolutionwas

far

behind

England.How

did

this

happen?19世紀末的法國已確立起資本主義制度。

在世界上她擁有的殖民地面積僅次于英國。但法國的工業(yè)革命遠遠落后于英國。為什么會這樣呢？At

that

time

the

French

was

busy

withthe

Napoleonic

Wars

and

revolution.忙于那破輪戰(zhàn)爭而無暇顧及Lacking

the

money

that

needed

,The

rich

men

were

reluctant

toinvest

in

the

industry.They

prefer

toLend

money

for

highinterest.缺少資金。法國的高利貸資本發(fā)達。The

existing

of

petty

agriculture

ledto

the

lacking

of

manpower

andthe

small

domestic

market.小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟大量存在導致勞動力的缺少和時常的狹小。Discussion（討論）Say

something

about

The

Industry

Revolutionin

America.說一說關(guān)于美國工業(yè)革命的情況。Emigrants

from

AsiaEmigrants

from

EuthePacific

Oceanthe

Atlantic

OceanEmigrants

from

Latin

AmericaAmerica

had

almost

everything

neededto

start

an

economic

revolution.She

had

coal

from

her

coal

mineswhich

could

drive

the

steam

engines.She

had

the

vast

domestic

marketEmigrants

came

from

all

over

the

worldcould

work

for

the

factories.Wars

rarely

happened

in

America.At

the

middle

of

19th

century,the

industry

revolutionfinished

inthenorthpartofAmerica.Effects

of

industry

revolutionProductivity

was

greatly

improved.Mass

production

began.生產(chǎn)力大大提高Cities

cameintobeing.城市出現(xiàn)了The

whole

society

divided

into

twoeconomic

groups:labor

and

management.整個社會形成了兩大直接對立的階級：勞方和資方The

capitalists

madea

great

amount

of

money.資本家大發(fā)橫財這是發(fā)明

水力織布機的阿克萊特當他在1792年去世的時候他的個人財產(chǎn)已達50萬鎊。This

is

Arkwright,

when

he

died

in

17he

was

worth

over

500,000

Pounds.At

the

same

time

the

workers

were

living

in

filth,working

unthinkable

hours

and

being

paid

very

littl與此同時工人的生活條件極差，他們的工作時間長所得工資極少。Women

workers女

工Childrenlabor童

工Nations

that

manufacture

l