高一必修一英語第四單元重點總結(jié)及練習(含答案)

Unit

4

Earthquakes

重點詞匯及短語

1.burst

into

+n

=burst

out

doing

突然

·····

起來，

burst

into

tears

=burst

out

crying2.as

is

known

to

everybody總所周知3.be

injured

受傷

4.cut

across穿過

橫穿

5.as

usual像往常一樣

6.give

out散發(fā)出

精疲力竭

7.instead

of

代替

8.give

a

speech演講9.put

up

shelters搭建避難10.be

pleased

to

do

sth.樂意做某事11.be

proud

of

以

·····

而自豪

12.the

number

of

·····

的數(shù)量13.in

the

open

air

在戶外

14.right

away立刻

15.in

ruins破敗不堪

成廢墟16.dig

out掘出

17.at

an

end

終結(jié)

18.a

number

of

許多

大量的

19.too·····

to·····太·····

而不能

20.tens

of

thousands

of

成千上萬的21.be

trapped

in

=be

caught

in

被困在·····中22.all

·····

not·····

=

not

all·····

并非所有·····都

23.to

the

north

of

=north

of

在·····的北面

24.be

rescued

from

被從·····解救出

25.be

buried

被埋葬

被埋藏

26.bury

oneself

in

=be

buried

in

專心于

埋頭于

27.think

little

of

評價不高

think

highly

of

贊許

給予較高評

28.as

if

仿佛

20.

be/

get

shocked

震驚

21.at

an

end

終結(jié)

1)

right

away

立刻，馬上

(=

immediately

/

at

once

/

right

now

/

in

no

time

)

你必須馬上交作業(yè)。

You

must

hand

in

your

homework

right

away.

2)

well

n.

井

adv.

好；充分地

e.g.

think

well

充分思考

Learn

it

well.

好好地學。

adj.

健康的

You

don’t

look

well.

你看上去氣色不太好。

int.

好啦；好吧

vi./vt.

涌出；涌上

Tears

welled

up

in

her

eyes.

淚水涌上她的雙眼。

3)

million

n.

百萬

具體數(shù)字

+

million

(單)

+

n.

...百萬

(確數(shù))

millions

of

+

n.

大量，無數(shù)，好幾百萬

(概數(shù))

(用法同billion,

hundred,

thousand等)

3百萬美元

3

million

dollars

好幾百萬美元

millions

of

dollars

4)

burst

vi./vt.

(burst,

burst)

（使）爆裂；(使）破裂；（使）爆發(fā)

e.g.

The

balloon

burst.

汽球爆破了。

He

burst

with

anger.

他勃然大怒。

The

boy

burst

the

balloon.

那男孩把氣球弄破了

burst

into

sth./

burst

out

doing

sth.

突然...起來e.g.

She

burst

into

tears/

laughter.

=

She

burst

out

crying/

laughing.

她突然哭/笑起來。

c.n.

突然破裂；爆發(fā)

a

burst

of

...

一陣...

e.g.

a

burst

of

laughter/anger

一陣笑聲/大怒

5)

as

if

仿佛；好像

=

as

though

(引導(dǎo)表語、狀語從句)

(1)

+

陳述語氣

(從句可能性大)

It

looks

as

if

it

is

going

to

rain.

看起來好像要下雨了。

(2)

+

虛擬語氣

(從句內(nèi)容非真實的)

She

treats

me

as

if

I

were

her

sister.

她待我就像我是她姐妹一樣。

He

turned

around

as

if

he

hadn’t

seen

me.

他轉(zhuǎn)過身，好像沒看見我。

6)

at

an

end

結(jié)束；終結(jié)

(=

finished

over)

e.g.

The

war

was

at

an

end.

戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了。

相關(guān)短語：

in

the

end

終于；最后at

the

end

of…

在……的盡頭

by

the

end

of

…

到??底（末）為止

come

to

an

end

結(jié)束

（物作主語,

不及物）

put

an

end

to

sth.

終止…

（人作主語,

及物）

e.g.

The

meeting

came

to

an

end.

會議結(jié)束了。

The

chairman

put

an

end

to

the

meeting.

主席結(jié)束了會議。

7)

ruin

c.n.

廢墟;

遺跡

(常用復(fù)數(shù))

e.g.

the

ruins

of

Yuanmingyuan

圓明園遺跡

u.n.

毀壞；破壞；破產(chǎn)

e.g.

The

company

is

facing

ruin.

那公司面臨破產(chǎn)。

vt.

毀滅；使破產(chǎn)

e.g.

The

fire

ruined

the

house.

火把房子燒毀了。

The

bad

news

ruined

his

hope.

這個壞消息毀滅了他的希望。

in

ruins

嚴重受損；破敗不堪；成為廢墟；落空

e.g.

The

earthquake

left

the

city

of

Tangshan

in

ruins.

地震使得唐山這座城市成了一片廢墟。

e.g.

Judging

from

his

response,

he

was

satisfied

with

the

performance.

從他的反應(yīng)看來，他對這場演出是滿意的。

Judging

by

his

accent,

he

must

be

from

the

U.S.A.

從他口音判斷，他一定來自美國。

judgement

c.n.

判斷；判決

u.n.

判斷力；識別力

16)

express

vt.

表示；表達

express

one’s

opinion/

idea/

attitude/

meaning/…

表達某人的意見/想法/態(tài)度/意思等

express

oneself

表達自己的意思

Try

to

express

yourself

clearly.

盡力把你的意思表達清楚吧。

n.

快車；速遞

expression

n.

表達；表情；表達法

重點句子分析1)But

the

one

million

people

of

the

city,

who

thought

little

of

these

events,

were

asleep

as

usual

that

night.

(Reading)

think

little/poorly/badly/ill

of

sb./sth.

對某人/物評價不高、不好、不看重

think

a

lot/

highly/well

of

sb./sth.

對某人/物評價很高、很好、很看重

e.g.

他不看重錢。

He

thinks

little

of

money.

讀者們對她的書評價很高。

The

readers

think

highly

of

her

book.

被動：Her

book

is

highly

thought

of

by

the

readers.

2)Two-thirds

of

them

died

or

were

injured

during

the

earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死去或受傷。

(Reading)

分數(shù)的表達法，分子用基數(shù)詞(one,

two,

…),

分母用序數(shù)詞(first,

second,

…),

當分子大于1時，分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如,

1/5為one-fifth,

4/5為four-fifths。

“當分數(shù)/百分數(shù)＋of

＋名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由of

后的名詞/代詞決定。

e.g.

About

three-fifths

of

the

earth’s

surface

is

covered

with

water.

(be)

Ten

percent

of

the

students

are

from

China.

(be)

3)

A

huge

crack

that

was

eight

kilometres

long

and

thirty

mitres

wide

cut

across

houses,

roads

and

canals.

(Reading)

cut

across

(1)

走捷徑，穿過去

如果穿過這片地，我們可節(jié)省時間。

We

can

save

time

if

we

cut

across

this

field.

(2)

和...

相反，

違反

他的講話和他以前說的相反。His

speech

cut

across

what

he

had

said

before.4)In

fifteen

terrible

seconds

a

large

city

lay

in

ruins.

(Reading)

lie

(1)說謊

(lied,

lied)

(2)位于，在于

(3)躺著

(4)處于某種狀態(tài)

(lay,

lain)

lie

“出于某種狀態(tài)”

+

adj.

/

介詞短語

e.g.

戰(zhàn)爭過后，這村莊成了一片廢墟。

The

village

lay

in

ruins

after

the

war.

書打開在桌子上。

The

book

lay

open

on

the

table.

5)Everywhere

they

looked

nearly

everything

was

destroyed.

他們所看到的地方幾乎一切都被摧毀了。

everywhere

(1)

adv.

到處，處處

You

can

see

flowers

everywhere.

你到處可看到鮮花。

(2)

conj.

無論哪里

(=

wherever)

無論你走到哪里，都能看到鮮花。

You

can

see

flowers

everywhere

you

go.

(3)

n.

到處，處處

Everywhere

seems

to

be

quiet.

6)

All

hope

was

not

lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。到處好像很安靜。

all,

both,

each,

every等詞與否定詞not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都,

不全是”的意思。no,

none,

never等詞用于全部否定。

e.g.

All

that

glitters

is

not

gold.

閃光的不都是金子。

All

the

students

didn’t

pass

the

exam.

=Not

all

the

students

passed

the

exam.

不是所有學生都通過考試。(有的學生通過了考試，有的沒有通過。)None

of

the

students

passed

the

exam.

沒有一個學生通過考試。16、大量的

⑴修飾不可數(shù)名次

a

great

/

good

deal

/

a

large

amount

of

/

much

⑵修飾可數(shù)名次

many

/

a

number

of

/

a

great(good)

many

⑶即可修飾可數(shù)名次也可修飾不可數(shù)名次

plenty

of

/

a

lot

of

/

lots

of

/

a

large

quantity

of

/

quantities

of

/

a

mass

of

/

masses

of

即時活用：

1、I

spent

_______

of

my

time

in

this

work.

A.

a

plenty

B.

a

good

many

C.

a

good

deal

D.

great

deal

答案：C

2、–How

many

books

does

he

have?

He

possesses

________them.

A.

plenty

of

B.

very

much

C.

a

great

deal

D.

an

amount

of

答案：Dprotect

vt.

保護

用法歸納：

（1）protect

sth.

To

protect

the

environment,

we

should

drive

less.

為了保護環(huán)境，我們應(yīng)該少開車。

（2）protect

sth.

/

sb.

from

+

n.

You

should

wear

a

pair

of

dark

glasses

to

protect

your

eyes

from

the

snow.

下雪天你應(yīng)該戴副墨鏡保護你的眼睛。

（3）protect

sb.

/

sth.

from

doing

Ge

You

speaks

carefully

in

public

to

protect

himself

from

being

hurt.

葛優(yōu)在公共場合說話很小心，保護自己不被傷害。

（4）protect

A

against

B

The

tree

belts

can

protect

this

area

against

shifting

sand.

護林帶能保護這個地區(qū)不受流沙的侵害。

即時活用：

1、He

raised

both

his

arms

to

protect

his

face

______

the

ball.

A.

from

B.

for

C.

with

D.

to

答案：A2.At

the

meeting,

we

reached

a

conclusion

that

we

should

do

what

we

could

______

the

Yellow

River

from

being

further

polluted.

A.

to

protect

B.

protecting

C.

protect

D.

protected

答案：A

3.You’d

better

wear

your

sunglasses

to

protect

your

eyes

______

the

sun.

A.

from

B.

with

C.

in

D.

under

答案：A

4.As

you

know,

it

is

my

duty

to

________

my

younger

sisters

from

being

hurt

when

they

are

in

danger.

A.

prevent

B.

save

C.

stop

D.

protect

答案：D

1.

—Peter

was

killed

in

the

earthquake!

—_____

I

talked

with

him

last

week.

A.

What

a

pity!

B.

I

beg

your

pardon.

C.

Sorry

to

hear

that.

D.

Is

that

so?

2.

We’ll

not

attend

the

meeting

_____

we

are

invited.

A.

if

B.

and

C.

unless

D.

once

3.

—They

didn’t

attend

the

conference.

—They

_____

a

long

trip

abroad.

A.

prepared

B.

were

preparing

for

C.

were

preparing

D.

are

preparing

for

4.

Wash

your

hands

with

soap

_____

the

experiment.

A.

in

the

end

of

B.

at

the

end

of

C.

to

the

end

of

D.

by

the

end

of

5.

His

strength

had

almost

_____

when

they

found

him

in

the

desert.

A.

given

out

B.

given

in

C.

given

up

D.

given

off

6.

Many

people

came

to

the

meeting,

_____

of

whom

left

early.

A.

number

B.

the

numbers

C.

the

number

D.

a

number

7.

I’ll

spend

my

holiday

in

Shanghai,

_____

lies

on

the

coast.

A.

who

B.

which

C.

where

D.

that

8.

On

_____

the

bad

news,

she

cried

with

her

face

_____

in

his

hands.

A.

hear;

bury

B.

hear;

buried

C.

heard;

burying

D.

hearing;

buried

9.

Not

far

from

the

club,

there

was

a

garden,

_____

owner

was

seated

in

it

playing

cards

with

his

children

every

afternoon.A.

its

B.

whose

C.

which

D.

of

which

10.

It’s

quite

_____

to

score

a

goal

in

FIFA

World

Cup.

A.

a

prize

B.

a

price

C.

an

honour

D.

a

value

11.

I

met

the

teacher

in

the

street

yesterday

___

taught

me

English

three

years

ago

A.

which

B.

when

C.

where

D.

who

12.

The

people

there

were

greatly

_____

to

see

every-thing

changed

over

a

night.

A.

pleased

B.

shocked

C.

interested

D.

moved

13.

Tell

us

about

the

people

and

the

places

_____

are

different

from

ours.

A.

that

B.

who

C.

which

D.

whom

14.

_____

is

no

wonder

the

building

is

_____.

A.

It;

in

ruins

B.

That;

in

ruins

C.

This;

in

ruin

D

It;

in

ruin

15.

—Do

you

mind

if

I

open

the

window?

—_____,

but

I’ve

caught

a

bad

cold

today.

A.

No,

not

at

all

B.

Yes,

of

course

not

C.

Yes,

please

D.

I’m

sorryPablo

Ruiz

Picasso

was

the

favourite

child

of

his

family.

He

was

the

only

boy

among

a

great

many

girl

cousins.

That

was

enough

to

make

him

important,

but

the

father

loved

him

especially,

because

he

knew

his

son

was

going

to

be

an

artist.

Pablo

knew

the

word

for

pencil

even

before

he

could

see

Mamma

and

Papa.

When

he

was

small,

he

spent

hours

by

himself

making

delightful

little

drawings

of

animals

and

people.

If

his

mother

sent

him

out

to

play

in

the

square,

he

went

on

drawing

in

the

dust

under

the

trees.

Don

Jose

Ruiz,

Pablo’s

father,

was

director

of

the

museum

in

southern

Spain.

He

earned

only

a

small

salary,

but

there

was

not

much

work

to

do

and

he

was

able

to

practice

his

hobby,

which

was

painting

pigeons.

Don

loved

pigeons

very

much.

He

painted

them

dead

or

alive

in

ones

and

twos

and

in

dozens.

Sometimes

he

painted

them

on

paper,

cut

them

out

and

stuck

them

onto

canvas

(畫布);

sometimes

he

stuck

real

feathers

onto

his

pictures.

He

knew

a

great

deal

about

the

technique

of

painting

and

he

taught

it

all

to

Pablo.

Life

in

Malaga

was

very

pleasant.

In

the

hot

sunshine

father

and

son

would

walk

down

to

the

beach

to

look

at

the

boats

on

the

shore

or

wander

around

the

open

markets.

They

made

a

strange

pair.

Don

was

tall

and

thin,

with

red

hair

and

beard,

sad

gray

eyes

and

a

fine

set

of

whiskers

(腮須).

He

was

so

shy

and

correct

that

he

was

nicknamed

“the

Englishman”.

Pablo

was

quite

the

opposite.

He

had

his

mother’s

small,

strong

b