2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)：核心形容詞副詞匯總清單素材（共十三大類(lèi)）

高考英語(yǔ)核心形容詞副詞一、表示感到壓力stressed/?strest/adj.感到壓力的stressful/?stresf(?)l/adj.令人有壓力的stress/stres/n.精神壓力，心理負(fù)擔(dān)v.強(qiáng)調(diào)understress在壓力之下stressonsth.對(duì)某物的按壓[e.g.]Littlestressonyourwoundwoulddohelptoslowbleeding.對(duì)傷口施加少許壓力有助于減緩出血。itmustbestressedthat...必須著重指出……[e.g.]Itmustbestressedthatthistestaccountsfor60percentofyourfinalscore.必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，這次考試占了你最后成績(jī)的60%。stress(sb.)out（使）焦慮不安，疲憊不堪[e.g.]Mountainousworkduringthepastfewweekshadstressedmeout.過(guò)去幾周巨大的工作量使我疲憊不堪。stress的近義詞1.pressure/?pre??(r)/n.壓力underpressure面臨壓力，在壓力之下；受到壓力highpressure高壓；高度緊張bloodpressuren.血壓atmosphericpressure氣壓大氣壓力大氣2.strain/stre?n/n.壓力；重負(fù)3.emphasize/?emf?sa?z/v.強(qiáng)調(diào)；重視；著重stress的反義詞1.ease/i:z/n.舒適；安逸；自在；無(wú)憂無(wú)慮2.relief/r??li:f/n.（不快過(guò)后的）寬慰；輕松；解脫3.relaxation/?ri:l?k?se??(?)n/n.放松；休息；消遣stress與pressure的區(qū)別stress側(cè)重指外來(lái)的壓力，也指由于某種原因而引起的心理、生理或情緒上的緊張。pressure指工作或生活中，某事物所產(chǎn)生的壓力或影響力，[e.g.]Shesufferedfromalotofstresssincehermother'sillness.自從母親生病以來(lái)，她承受了很大的壓力。[e.g.]Thepressureofworkmademeill.工作壓力使我生病了。寫(xiě)作高分表達(dá)lay/placestressonsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)／重視某事[e.g]Itisnecessarytolaystressontheconcentrationaswellasefficiency.將重點(diǎn)放在專(zhuān)注度和效率上是必要的。二、表示緊張、焦慮的、不安1.nervous/?n??v?s/adj.緊張的→nerve/n??v/n.神經(jīng)→nervousness/?n??v?sn?s/n.緊張nervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)feelnervous感到緊張；發(fā)慌nervousshock精神打擊benervousabout/ofsth.對(duì)……感到焦慮；擔(dān)憂；惶恐2.tense/tens/adj.緊張的tensesituation/atmosphere/moment緊張的情境／氣氛／時(shí)刻be/gettensedup變得神經(jīng)緊張3.anxious/???k??s/adj.焦慮→anxiety/???za??ti/n.焦慮【相同變法】various/?ve?ri?s/adj.各種各樣的→variety/v??ra??ti/n.種類(lèi)anxiousaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到焦慮anxiousforsb.擔(dān)心某人anxioustodosth.渴望做某事4.upset/??p?set/adj.不安的5.unsettled/?n?setld/adj.不安的→settled/?set(?)ld/adj.安定的→settle/?set(?)l/v.定居，安定settledown（在某地）定居下來(lái)；過(guò)安定的生活三、表示正確、準(zhǔn)確1.true/tru:/adj.真實(shí)的；正確的adv.真實(shí)地；準(zhǔn)確地cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)，成真；成為現(xiàn)實(shí)betruetooneself忠于自己的理想；堅(jiān)持自己的原則truelove真愛(ài)；摯愛(ài)，真情→truth/tru:θ/n.事實(shí)，真相；真實(shí)性tellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話intruth真實(shí)地；實(shí)在universaltruths普遍真理2.right/ra?t/adj.正確的，真實(shí)的3.correct/k??rekt/adj.正確的v.糾正correctpronunciation正音；正確發(fā)音→correction/k??rek?n/n.糾正→correctly/k??rektli/adv.正確地；合適地；4.exact/?ɡ?z?kt/adj.準(zhǔn)確的→exactly/?ɡ?z?ktli/=yesexactlyspeaking確切的說(shuō)……5.accurate/??kj?r?t/adj.精確的accuratemeasurement精確測(cè)量accuratepositioning精確定位→accuracy/??kj?r?si/n.精確6.precise/pr??sa?s/adj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的；preciseinformation精確資料→precisely/pr??sa?sli/adv.精確地，準(zhǔn)確地；四、表示普通1.normal/?n??m(?)l/adj.正常的；普通的normally/?n??m?li/adv.通常，平常；正常地【反義】abnormal/?b?n??m(?)l/adj.變態(tài)的2.common/?k?m?n/adj.普通的；共同的havesth.incommon有共同點(diǎn)3.ordinary/???d(?)n(?)ri/adj.普通的ordinarypeople普通人，一般人outoftheordinary不尋常的，出乎意料intheordinaryway一般地；通常地[e.g.]Intheordinaryway,youaresupposedtoreadatleasttwoarticleseverydayifyoureallywanttoimproveyourreadingability.應(yīng)用文—建議信一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你真的想提高你的閱讀技巧的話，你一天至少要讀兩篇文章?！痉戳x】extraordinary/?k?str??d(?)n(?)ri/adj.非凡的【反義】unusual/?n?ju??u?l/adj.不尋常的，罕見(jiàn)的；與眾不同的，獨(dú)特的；五、表示驕傲1.proud/pra?d/adj.驕傲的beproudofsth.以…為傲Ifyounevergiveupwhenyouareintrouble,youshouldbeproudofyourself.如果你在遇到困難時(shí)從不放棄，你應(yīng)該為自己感到驕傲。2.pride/pra?d/n.驕傲PrideandPrejudice傲慢與偏見(jiàn)takeprideinsth.以…為傲swallowyourpride收起自尊WetakeprideinourtraditionalChineseculture.我們?yōu)槲覀兊闹袊?guó)傳統(tǒng)文化感到驕傲。與“驕傲”相關(guān)的近義詞1.high-headed/'hai'hedid/adj.驕傲的；自命不凡的2.overconfident/???v??k?nf?d?nt/adj.過(guò)于自信的；自負(fù)的與“驕傲”相關(guān)的反義詞1.modest/?m?d?st/adj.謙虛的，謙遜的；端莊的；2.modesty/?m?d?sti/n.謙虛，謙遜；端莊；3.humble/?h?mb(?)l/adj.謙虛的，謙卑的；六、表示大概、幾乎、差不多1.nearly/n??(r)/adv.差不多，幾乎Iwrotemypoemsinthismannerfornearlytenyearsbeforemyfirstbookwaspublished.在我的第一本書(shū)出版之前，我用這種方式寫(xiě)詩(shī)寫(xiě)了將近十年。【2021·天津卷·閱讀理解】2.almost/???lm??st/adv.幾乎，差不多Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.他的臉幾乎是國(guó)際上天才的象征。【2021·全國(guó)甲卷·閱讀理解】3.about/??ba?t/prep.關(guān)于；adv.大約；周?chē)鶦urrently,about35,000worksarebeingdisplayedinover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.目前，大約有35000件作品陳列在盧浮宮的300多個(gè)展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一輩子的時(shí)間?！?021·天津卷·知識(shí)運(yùn)用】4.around/??ra?nd/adv.大約；周?chē)鶷hatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity'sCircusMaximus,whichaccommo-datedaround250,000people.與該城市可容納約25萬(wàn)人的馬克西姆大競(jìng)技場(chǎng)相比，這只是小巫見(jiàn)大巫?！?021·全國(guó)乙卷·閱讀理解】5.roughly/?r?fli/adv.粗糙地，大概地，大約地Theyreflectaconcentratedbeamoflightontothetown'scentralsquare,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.它們將一束集中的光線反射到城鎮(zhèn)的中心廣場(chǎng)上，形成面積大約為600平方米的陽(yáng)光區(qū)域。【2019·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ·知識(shí)運(yùn)用】6.approximately/??pr?ks?m?tli/adv.大概；大約Racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800caloriesperhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking.競(jìng)走者以每小時(shí)6英里的速度前進(jìn)時(shí)，每小時(shí)會(huì)燃燒大約800卡路里，這大約是他們走路時(shí)燃燒熱量的兩倍。【2021·全國(guó)乙卷】七、表示放松1.relaxed/r??l?kst/adj.感到放松的getrelaxedandentertained獲得放松和文娛relaxing/r??l?ks??/adj.令人放松的，愉快的relax/r??l?ks/v.放松，休息relaxoneself放松自我，放松自己relaxathome在家放松，在家休息relaxation/?ri?l?k?se??(?)n/n.休息，消遣，娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)2.relieved/r??li?vd/adj.緩解的，松了一口氣的；relieve/r??li?v/v.緩解（疼痛或不快的感覺(jué)）；減輕（問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性）；relievestress減壓，緩解壓力relievefrom從…中解除，減輕relief/r??li?f/n.寬慰，輕松（因恐懼、憂慮或痛苦的消除而感到的）；減輕，緩解（疼痛或不快的）disasterrelief賑災(zāi)；災(zāi)難援助3.easy/?i?zi/adj.容易的，輕松的ease/i?z/n.容易；舒適，自在v.減輕，緩和，放松easeoneself自我安慰，泄憤，出氣；拋棄心頭的煩悶atease安逸，自由自在；舒適withease熟練地；不費(fèi)力地?cái)U(kuò)展遷移1.release/r??li?s/v.&n.釋放，解脫asenseofrelease解脫感releaseanger發(fā)泄憤怒2.recover/r??k?v?(r)/v.緩解，恢復(fù)（從疾病或心理問(wèn)題中）recoverfrom...從...中痊愈，從...中恢復(fù)寫(xiě)作高分表達(dá)breathasighofrelief松了口氣Weallbreathedasighofreliefwhenheleft.他走了以后，我們大家都如釋重負(fù)地松了口氣。八、表示幸運(yùn)1.lucky/?l?ki/adj.幸運(yùn)的luck/l?k/n.運(yùn)氣2.fortunate/?f??t??n?t/adj.幸運(yùn)的fortune/?f??t?u?n/n.命運(yùn)；運(yùn)氣；財(cái)富misfortune/?m?s?f??t?u?n/n.不幸unfortunate/?n?f??t??n?t/adj.不幸的fortunately/?f??t??n?tli/adv.幸運(yùn)地（是）unfortunately/?n?f??t??n?tli/adv.不幸運(yùn)地（是）相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)；大賺一筆[e.g.]Manypeoplewanttomakeafortunebydoingnothing,whichisthereasonwhythegamblingindustrythrives.許多人都想要不勞而獲賺大錢(qián)，這就是博彩行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的原因。2.fameandfortune名利3.tellsb.'sfortune給某人算命[e.g.]Shesaidshecouldtellmyfortune.她說(shuō)她能給我算命。4.befortunatetodosth.有幸能做某事[e.g.]I'mveryfortunatetobuythelastalbum.我很幸運(yùn)能買(mǎi)到最后一張專(zhuān)輯。5.befortunateinhavingsth.幸運(yùn)能擁有某物[e.g.]I'mveryfortunateinhavingyouasmyfriend.很幸運(yùn)能有你這個(gè)朋友。6.havethemisfortunetodosth.不幸做某事九、表示耐心patient/?pe??(?)nt/adj.耐心的，忍耐的n.病人bepatientwith(to)sb.對(duì)某人有耐心patientcare病人護(hù)理[e.g.]He'sverypatientwithteenagers.他對(duì)青少年很耐心。patience/?pe??(?)ns/n.耐心，忍耐力havepatiencewithsb.對(duì)某人有耐心[e.g.]Theyshouldhavepatiencewiththeprocessofbeingeducated,butnotbeanxioustomakeabuck.他們應(yīng)該耐心地體會(huì)接受教育的過(guò)程，而不要急于去掙錢(qián)。patiently/?pe??ntli/adv.耐心地，有毅力的[e.g.]Wheneverstudentshaveproblems,ithelpsthemverypatientlyandnevergetsbored.每當(dāng)學(xué)生遇到問(wèn)題時(shí)，它都會(huì)非常耐心地幫助他們，而且從不感到厭煩。impatient/?m?pe??(?)nt/adj.不耐心的1.bear/be?(r)/v.忍受，承受，容忍2.stand/st?nd/v.忍受，容忍；經(jīng)得起，經(jīng)受；3.putupwith...忍受、容忍或接受某事物或某人的存在、行為或不愉快的情況4.tolerate/?t?l?re?t/v.寬容，容許，允許*tolerant/?t?l?r?nt/adj.寬容的，容忍的；*tolerance/?t?l?r?ns/n.忍受，容忍；[e.g.]Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotoleratedifferencesofopinion.同樣，朋友之間應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)忍受對(duì)方惱人的小毛病，并允許意見(jiàn)出現(xiàn)分歧。5.endure/?n?dj??(r)/v忍受，忍耐；持久；*endurant/?n?dj??r?nt/adj.能耐勞的，能忍耐的*endurance/?n?dj??r?ns/n.持久力，忍耐力；[e.g.]Guestswillhavetoendurethehotel's-5℃temperature.客人們將要忍受酒店里零下5度的溫度。寫(xiě)作高分表達(dá)haslittlepatiencewithsth./losepatiencewithsth.對(duì)……沒(méi)耐心[e.g.]Itseemsthatsomeyoungstershavelittlepatiencewithanything.有些年輕人似乎對(duì)一切事情都缺乏耐心。十、表示傷心1.sad/s?d/adj.傷心的sadness/?s?dn?s/n.悲傷，悲痛；使人悲傷的事（或難過(guò)）的事2.upset/??p?set/adj.傷心的3.sorrow/?s?r??/n.悲傷；悲痛；悲哀akindofsorrow有一種悲傷4.sick/s?k/adj.生病的；傷心的；惡心的5.grief/ɡri?f/n.悲痛6.mourn/m??n/v.哀悼表示傷心”的短語(yǔ)1.upsettodosth難過(guò)做某事2.beupsetwithsb生某人的氣3.sorrowat/for/oversth對(duì)某事的悲傷4.expresssb.'ssorrow表達(dá)悲傷Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.舞蹈表達(dá)著愛(ài)與恨，喜與悲，生與死，以及其中的任何一切。[2018?全國(guó)卷3]5.besickof厭煩6.makesb.sick使某人厭惡；使某人反感Ifyoueatanymorecakeyou'llmakeyourselfsick.你要是再吃蛋糕，就該吐了。7.cometogrief遭難，失敗Manyashiphascometogriefalongthisshore.很多船只都在這一帶遇難。8.mournsb.'sdeath/loss/passing為某人的死而哀傷9.mournforsb./sth.因失去……而哀悼，憂傷Themothermournforadeadchild.母親為已死的孩子悲傷。十一、表示驚訝1.surprised/s??pra?zd/adj.感到驚訝的，意外的，詫異的（中性詞）[e.g.]WhenTomgavehimthemoney,thepanhandlerwassurprisedandseemedgrateful.當(dāng)湯姆給他錢(qián)時(shí),這名乞丐很驚奇而且好像很感激.surprise/s??pra?z/n.驚奇，驚訝；v.使（某人）吃驚surprising/s??pra?z??/adj.令人驚訝的surprisingly/s??pra?z??li/adv.處于驚訝，驚訝地insurprise=surprisingly(much)toone'ssurprise令...（十分）驚訝的是2.amazed/??me?zd/adj.感到驚奇的，驚訝的（褒義詞）amazing/??me?z??/adj.令人驚人的，了不起的；amazement/??me?zm?nt/n.驚詫?zhuān)@奇toone'samazement令某人驚訝的是amazingly/??me?z??li/adv.令人驚訝地；驚奇地inamazement=amazingly3.shocked/??kt/adj.感到吃驚的，震驚的；憤慨的，十分厭惡的（貶義詞）shock/??kt/n.震驚，打擊，電擊v.使震驚electricshock觸電cultureshock文化沖擊shocking/???k??/adj.令人震驚的；可怕的，令人厭惡的；糟糕的inshock休克；處于極度震驚狀態(tài)4.astonished/??st?n??t/adj.感到震驚的，非常驚訝的（中性詞）astonish/??st?n??/v.使吃驚，使驚訝astonishing/??st?n????/adj.令人驚訝的，驚人的astonishment/??st?n??m?nt/n.驚訝，驚愕toone'sastonishment使某人驚訝的是5.*stunned/st?nd/adj.（因驚訝、震驚而）目瞪口呆的；（受重?fù)艉螅o(wú)法正常行動(dòng)的，昏倒的（閱讀理解認(rèn)知詞匯）[e.g.]TherewasastunnedsilencewhenItoldthemthenews.我把消息講了后，他們驚愕得啞然一片。6.*startled/?stɑ?tld/adj.受驚嚇了的（閱讀理解認(rèn)知詞匯）[e.g.]Iyelledinmydream,whichstartledmyroommateoutofhissleep.我夢(mèng)中的喊叫聲驚醒了同屋伙伴.7.*astounded/??sta?nd?d/adj.受驚駭?shù)?；被震驚的（閱讀理解認(rèn)知詞匯）【辨析】amaze,surprise,astonish,shock都有“使驚訝，吃驚”的意思1.amaze指因發(fā)生不可能或極少出現(xiàn)的情況而驚訝，偏褒義，如Yourabilitytospeaksixlanguagesamazesme!你竟會(huì)說(shuō)六門(mén)語(yǔ)言！我太驚訝了！2.surprise多指因未預(yù)料或意外的事而引起驚奇之感，如Weweresurprisedatfindingthehouseempty.我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)房子是空的。3.astonish指出乎預(yù)料，意外發(fā)生，但又無(wú)法解釋而感到大為震驚，如Hewasastonishedatwhathefound:amanwaslyinginthebox.他所看到的使他大為震驚：箱子里躺著一個(gè)人。4.shock語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)烈，指對(duì)感情造成強(qiáng)烈觸動(dòng)，令人無(wú)法相信，如Wewereallshockedatthenewsofherdeath.聽(tīng)到她的死訊，我們都感到震驚。表示驚訝”的短語(yǔ)besurprisedat/with/to/by對(duì)…感到驚奇；使…感到意外；對(duì)……很吃驚beamazedat/to/by驚奇地：表示某人感到非常驚訝或驚奇。beshockedat/by對(duì)……感到震驚：對(duì)某事或某人的行為、言論等感到非常震驚和驚訝。beastonishat對(duì)……感到驚訝：對(duì)某事或某人感到非常驚訝或吃驚。1.sb’sfacelightsupwithsurprise某人臉上露出驚訝的表情2.esasasurprise某事突然發(fā)生(意想不到的事)3.Itamazessb.that讓某人感到驚訝4.Itastonishessb.that讓某人感到很吃驚十二、表示困難1.difficult/?d?f?k?lt/adj.困難的difficulty/?d?f?k?lti/n.難題，困難havedifficulty(in)sth/doingsth.做某事有困難havedifficultywithsth.在某方面有困難Itisdifficulttodo...做...是困難的[e.g.]OfficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity.林姆尼港的官員們對(duì)新生命的到來(lái)都感到十分開(kāi)心，特別是因?yàn)楹谙Ｒ噪y以圈養(yǎng)而聞名。2.problematic/?pr?bl??m?t?k/adj.有問(wèn)題的=困難的problem/?pr?bl?m/n.問(wèn)題，困難，疾病3.hard/hɑ?d/adj.困難的；堅(jiān)硬的hardship/?hɑ?d??p/n.困難，艱苦，貧困4.tough/t?f/adj.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的(人)；困難的[e.g.]Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipandsurprisingrecovery.這是一段漫長(zhǎng)的旅程，艱難困苦前所未有，但也是令人驚訝的療愈過(guò)程。【2018·江蘇卷·知識(shí)運(yùn)用】5.rough/r?f/adj.①粗糙的；②困難的[e.g.]Theteampractice,however,wasaroughstart.然而，游泳隊(duì)的訓(xùn)練是一個(gè)艱難的開(kāi)始。6.challenging/?t??l?nd???/adj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的challenge/?t??l?nd?/n.挑戰(zhàn)，難題；v.挑戰(zhàn)，向……下戰(zhàn)書(shū)；考驗(yàn)challenged/?t??l?nd?d/a.有障礙的，傷殘的challenger/?t??l?nd??(r)/