英語人教版高中選擇性必修一（2019新編）Unit 4 Body Language第三講Grammar and Writing 教案

Inallone'slifetimeitisoneselfthatonespendsthemosttimebeingwithordealingwith.Butitispreciselyoneselfthatonehastheleastunderstandingof.人生在世，和自己相處最多，打交道最多，但是人最不了解的也恰恰是自己。GrammarandWriting語法語法精講Grammar——動詞－ing形式作賓語和表語語法感知①However，youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany，asitisnotconsideredpolite.②Elsewhere，peoplefavourshakinghands，bowingfromthewaist，ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.③Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.④Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely，thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】1．第①句中的making；第②句中的shaking和第④句的seeing為動詞－ing形式作賓語。2．第③句中的moving為動詞－ing形式作表語。語法精講一、動詞－ing形式作賓語1．一些動詞后只跟動詞－ing形式作賓語，如：admit承認，advise建議，allow允許，avoid避免，consider考慮，delay推遲，deny否認，dislike不喜愛，enjoy喜愛，escape逃脫，fancy想要，finish完成，forbid禁止，forgive原諒，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意，miss錯過，permit允許，practise練習，prevent阻止，risk冒險，stop停止，suggest建議等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.我承認窗子是我打破的。Hetriedtoescapebeingpunished.他設法逃避懲罰。Youshouldn’tkeepthinkingaboutit.你不應該老想著這事。Wouldyoumindgoingwithher?你可否同她一起去？Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見面。ThedoctorsuggestedthatIavoidsmokinganddrinkingforamonth.醫(yī)生建議我一個月內(nèi)不要抽煙喝酒。2．有些動詞短語后面也可跟動詞－ing形式作賓語，常見的有：insiston，giveup，devote...to...，putoff，keepon，leaveoff，lookforwardto，thinkof，feellike等。Lastyear，myfathergaveupsmoking.去年我父親戒煙了。Doyoufeelliketakingawalkaftersupper?晚飯后你想去散步嗎？ChinesepeoplearelookingforwardtoholdingtheOlympicGamesagain.中國人民期待著再次舉辦奧運會。Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.他把一生都獻給了造福人類(的事業(yè))。Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在獲得更多信息之前，他沒有作出決定。Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我們成功克服了所有的困難。巧記后接動詞－ing形式作賓語的動詞(短語)：·建議考慮堅持練，(suggest，advise，consider，insiston，practise)·允許想象棄冒險，(permit，allow，imagine，giveup，risk)·阻止抵抗否避開，(prevent，resist，deny，escape)·不禁介意保持完，(can’thelp，mind，keep，finish)·承認錯過心喜歡。(admit，miss，enjoy)3．在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中常使用動詞－ing形式作賓語?！etdowntodoingsth開始做某事·beopposedtodoingsth反對做某事·beworthdoingsth值得做某事·can’tstand/beardoingsth不能忍受做某事·be/getusedtodoingsth習慣于做某事·stop/prevent/keep...fromdoingsth阻止……做某事·bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事·havedifficulty/troubleindoingsth做某事有困難Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天總是忙于工作，這讓他很少有時間和孩子一起玩。Ifwehavedifficultyinunderstanding，wecangoandaskhim.如果我們理解有困難，我們可以去問他。[名師提醒](1)有的動詞后接動詞－ing形式作賓語時通常帶有邏輯主語。Excusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.原諒我錯拆了你的信。(2)有的動詞(如advise，allow，forbid，permit等)后雖然不能直接跟不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補足語。Headvisedhertobuyacomputerforconvenience.他建議她方便起見買臺電腦。(3)有些動詞(如consider，understand，discuss等)后雖然不接不定式作賓語，卻可接“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語。Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere?你是否考慮過如何到那兒去？用所給動詞的適當形式填空①Itried(garden)butdidn’tsucceed.②Wouldyoumind(move)theboxforme?③Wearealllookingforwardto(visit)themuseumsoon.④Thedeerwasluckyanditjustmissed(catch)bythehunter.【答案】1.gardening2.moving3.visiting4.beingcaught二、動詞－ing形式作表語1．用來說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。在這種情況下，主語和表語通常是對等關系，可互換位置。Hishobbyisreadingbooksinhissparetime.＝Readingbooksinhissparetimeishishobby.他的愛好是在業(yè)余時間讀書。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是盡可能使演講廳保持干凈。2．用來表示主語所具有的特征，這時多為動詞－ing形式的形容詞，如：astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。Thenewsthatourschoolwonthegamewasexciting.我們學校贏得比賽的消息令人興奮。Thelectureyesterdaywasveryinteresting.昨天的演講非常有趣。用所給動詞的適當形式填空①Itisquitea(move)story，isn’tit?②Hismaintaskis(sell)smartblackboardsatthemoment.③Inmyopinion，theendingofthemovieis(bore)．④Thematchlookedverycompetitivebuttheresultwas(disappoint)．⑤Themostimportantthingnowis(find)aplacetolivein.⑥Whathepreferstodointhemorningis(run)．【答案】1.moving2.selling3.boring4.disappointing5.finding6.running隨堂練習Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.2．Mydutieswillinclude(introduce)BritishvisitorstothepandasatChengdu.3．(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.4．WhatIdislikeis(stay)uptoolate.5．After(look)atthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.6．Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesn’tnecessarilymean(accept)theactionsofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.7．Thespeechyoudeliveredisveryinterestingand(encourage)．8．Iquicklylowermyself，ducking(低下頭)myheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.9．Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學)，Ienjoyed(share)mydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.10．Istillremember(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.【答案】1.eating2.introducing3.Ignoring4.staying5.looking6.accepting7.encouraging8.looking9.sharing10.visitingⅡ.補全句子1．I．我承認犯了一個嚴重的錯誤。2．Ifound．我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他爭論沒用。3．Itisworthwhile．在教育上多花錢是值得的。4．canenlargeyourvocabulary.每天記一些新單詞可以擴大你的詞匯量。5．Ican’timaginehisparents.我難以想象那個男孩對他的父母說話那么粗魯。6．wasagreathonourtothefamily.被邀請去參加聚會是這個家庭的榮耀。7．MrJonesdecidedtowalktotheuniversity．瓊斯先生決定步行去大學而不坐出租車。8．Whilegoingshopping，peoplesometimescan’thelp．在購物時，人們有時會情不自禁地被說服去買他們不需要的東西。【答案】1.admittedmaking/havingmadeaseriousmistake2.ituselessarguingwithhim3.spendingmuchmoneyoneducation4.Rememberingsomenewwordseveryday5.theboyspeakingsorudelyto6.Beinginvitedtotheparty7.insteadoftakingataxi8.beingpersuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydon’tneedⅢ.語法填空Doyouhavesleeping1.____________(problem)？Thenthesetipsmayhelpyou2.____________(fall)asleepfast.Tobeginwith，setasidethethoughtthatyouhavetosleep.Themoreyouthinkofit，the3.____________(hard)youwillfallasleep.Thefoodsyoueatalsoplayanimportantpart.Avoid4.____________(drink)thingslikecoffeeandenergydrinks.Ifyouhaveto，havetheminthemorningandneverintheafternoonespeciallybeforegoingtobed.Don’teattoomuchatnight.Afullstomachwillmakeitmuchmoredifficult5.____________(fall)asleepbecauseyourbodyneedstoworklonger6.____________(digest)thefoodsyouate.Makea7.____________(fix)timetogotobed.Forexample，bynineo’clockintheeveningyoushouldbealreadyinbed.Dothisevenifyouarenotsleepyyet.Once8.____________(follow)thisroutine，youwillgraduallyfindthatyoufeelsleepywhenit’snineo’clock.Makeyourroomcomfortablefor9.____________(have)agoodsleep.Youshouldalsonoticethatsleepingenvironmentalsoaffectsyoursleep.Itmustbeintheroomwhereit’snot10.____________(noise)．Otherwise，you’llfinditdifficulttofallasleepagainafterwakingblems【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句中problem為可數(shù)名詞，空前沒有表示數(shù)量的限定詞，且根據(jù)常識可知，睡眠問題有許多種，故此處應用復數(shù)形式。2．(to)fall【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處表示這些訣竅可能會幫助你快速入睡。動詞help表示“幫助”時，后接不定式作賓補，不定式符號to可以省略。3．harder【解析】考查形容詞的比較級。此處為“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越……越……”。4．drinking【解析】考查非謂語動詞。avoid意為“避免”，后接動詞－ing作賓語。5．tofall【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處表示吃飽會使你更難入眠。此處是“make＋形式賓語it＋賓補＋真正的賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，真正的賓語由不定式充當。6．todigest【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處為不定式短語作目的狀語，表示你的身體要花費更多的時間去消化你吃的食物。7．fixed【解析】考查形容詞。此處指在固定的時間上床睡覺。形容詞fixed在此表示“固定的”。8．following【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處表示你一旦遵循這個規(guī)定時間，就會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)一到9點你就困了。follow與句子主語you之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，故應用動詞－ing形式。9．having【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處for為介詞，后應接動詞－ing作賓語。10．noisy【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示必須在不吵鬧的房間里睡覺?？仗幾鞅碚Z，故應用形容詞。寫作園地寫作園地Writing——描述肢體語言1．介紹肢體語言的應用；2．舉例說明肢體語言的作用；3．總結(jié)肢體語言在交流中的重要作用。1．Asyouknow，bodylanguageofdifferentcultureshasalotincommonintheworld.正如你所知，世界上不同文化的肢體語言有許多相同之處。2．Bodylanguageisveryusefulbecauseitcanhepyoumakeyourselfeasilyunderstood.肢體語言非常有用，因為它可以幫助你更容易讓別人明白你的意思。3．Whenyouaretalkingwithothers，youarenotjustusingwords，butalsousingexpressionsandgestures.當你和別人交談時，你不僅僅是在用文字，而且還使用表情和手勢。4．However，bodylanguageiswidelyusedinourdailylife.然而，肢體語言在我們的日常生活中被廣泛使用。5．Bodylanguageisextremelyimportantwhenitcomestomakingagoodfirstimpression.在創(chuàng)造良好的第一印象方面，肢體語言極為重要。6．Itcanmakeadifferenceandevenmakeyoumorelikeable.它會有影響，甚至讓你更討人喜歡。7．Inaword，bodylanguageisasimportantaswrittenlanguageandspokenlanguageincommunication.總之，在交際中，肢體語言和書面語、口語一樣重要。8．Whenyouuseaforeignlanguage，itisveryimportanttoknowthemeaningsofgesturesandmovementsintheforeigncountry.當你使用一門外語時，了解手勢和動作在該國的含義是非常重要的。假如你是李華，你校校報的英文版就身勢語的差異進行征稿。請你根據(jù)以下表格內(nèi)容完成一個關于中美身勢語差異的英文稿件。身勢語美國中國身體接觸保持距離，較少接觸，尤其是同性之間身體接觸較多，例如女性之間可以手拉手等伸舌頭一種粗魯?shù)谋憩F(xiàn)一種尷尬的表現(xiàn)拍小孩的頭給予安慰或鼓勵表示喜愛注意：1.短文應包括表格所示的全部內(nèi)容，可適當發(fā)揮；2．詞數(shù)100左右，文章開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：輕拍pat；安慰comfortAswehavemorecommunicationwithforeigners，weshouldpaymoreattentiontothedifferencesinthebodylanguage.第一步審題謀篇主題中美身勢語的差異體裁說明文人稱第一、三人稱為主時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時布局第一段：強調(diào)身勢語的重要性，表明寫作目的；第二段：根據(jù)表格提示，說明身體接觸、伸舌頭和拍小孩的頭的中美差異；第三段：總結(jié)差異是客觀存在的，提出彼此理解的希望。第二步要點翻譯1．從表格中我們可以看到這種情況。Wecanseethissituationfromthetable.2．中國女性經(jīng)常手牽手走路。WomeninChinaoftenwalkhandinhand．3．這在美國并不常見。ItisnotalwayscommoninAmerica.4．美國人通常站得離彼此不是很近。Americansusuallydon’tstandclosetoeachother.5．他們幾乎不碰對方，尤其是同性之間。Theybarelytoucheachother，especiallyforpeopleofthesamesex.6．美國人認為伸出舌頭是無禮的，但是中國人卻經(jīng)常使用這種身勢語。Americansthinkit’srudetoputoutone’stongue，buttheChineseoftenusethisgesturelanguage.7．他們感到尷尬或羞愧。Theyareembarrassedorashamed．8．中國人會拍拍孩子的頭。Chinesepeoplewillpatchildrenonthehead．9．他們喜歡他們。Theylikethem．10．美國人也這樣做。Americansdosoaswell.11．他們想表達喜愛或安慰。Theywanttoexpressfavourorcomfort．12．只有充分理解肢體語言的差異，我們才能恰當?shù)剡M行溝通。Wecancommunicateappropriatelyonlybyfullyunderstandingthedifferencesinbodylanguage.第三步詞句升級1．將句1、2、3合并為含有as、which引導的定語從句的主從復合句。Asweseefromthetable，womeninChinaoftenwalkhandinhand，whichisnotalwayscommoninAmerica.2．將句4、5合并為一個并列復合句。Americansusuallydon’tstandclosetoeachotherandtheybarelytoucheachother，especiallyforpeopleofthesamesex.3．將句6、7合并為含有形式賓語it和時間狀語從句的并列復合句。Americansthinkitrudetoputoutone’stongue，buttheChineseoftenusethisgesturelanguagewhentheyareembarrassedorashamed.4．將句8、9、10、11合并為含有條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句的并列復合句。Chinesepeoplewillpatchildrenontheheadiftheylikethem，andAmericansdosoaswellwhentheywanttoexpressfavourorcomfort.5．將句12升級為倒裝句。Onlybyfullyunderstandingthedifferencesinbodylanguagecanwecommunicateappropriately.第四步連句成篇Aswehavemorecommunicationwithforeigners，weshouldpaymoreattentiontothedifferencesinthebodylanguage.Asweseefromthetable，womeninChinaoftenwalkhandinhand，whichisnotalwayscommoninAmerica.Bycomparison，Americansusuallydon’tstandclosetoeachotherandtheybarelytoucheachother，especiallyforpeopleofthesamesex.Also，Americansthinkitrudetoputoutone’stongue，buttheChineseoftenusethisgesturelanguagewhentheyareembarrassedorashamed.Furthermore，Chinesepeoplewillpatchildrenontheheadiftheylikethem，andAmericansdosoaswellwhentheywanttoexpressfavourorcomfort.Inaword，differencesdoexist；onlybyfullyunderstandingthedifferencesinbodylanguagecanwecommunicateappropriately.假如你是李華，你的英國朋友羅伯特準備來中國學習，因此想了解一些中國人的肢體語言。請你用英語給他寫封郵件，向他介紹一些日常的肢體語言。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearRobert，Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.Yours，LiHua【參考范文】Dear__Robert，Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwilltellyousomethingaboutbodylanguageinChina.First，inChina，wewaveourhandstosay“hello”or“goodbye”．Second，weusuallygreetourguestsbyshakinghandswiththem.Ofcourse，somepeoplemaynodandsmileinsteadofshakinghands.Third，whenyouareintroducedtoaChinesegroup，theymaygreetyouwithclappingtheirhands.Inaddition，likepeopleinmanyothercountries，wenodourheadstosay“yes”andshakeourheadstosay“no”．Lastbutnotleast，peoplewillholdtheirthumbsuptopraiseapersonifhedoessomethinggreat.Sometimes，webowtoshowgreatrespectandthankstoothers.Ihopethisinformationwillbehelpfultoyou.Yours，LiHua概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Awhileback，Ireceivedane－mailfromaconcernedmother.Init，shedescribedherson’saddictiontosmoking.Shetoldmeabouthowshehaddonethisandthattryingtohelp.Shewasscaredshewasgoingtoloseherson.Shethenaskedmeasimplequestion:“Whatdoyouwishyouhaddonedifferently？”Thequestionwasreallyhardtoanswer.Isimplydidn’thaveanadequateanswer.Atfirst，IthoughtofallofthelittlemistakesImade.Perhaps，ifaddedup，theywouldhavemadeadifference.Afterafewweeksofdeliberation，Ifinallydiscover