HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY怎樣寫一個英語總結(jié)

HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY怎樣寫一個英語總結(jié)第一頁，共34頁。Whatisasummary?

AshortenedversionofthetextMainpointsofthetextWritteninyourownwords

Asummaryisabriefaccountofthemainpointsofanarticleinyourownwords.

第一頁第二頁，共34頁。Question:

Whatshouldbepaidattentiontotowriteagoodsummaryofanarticle?Canwemainlyuseourownwordsorthesentencesintheoriginalpassage?Canwejudgethewritingstyle?3.Canwewriteitinthefirstpersonorthethirdperson?4.Canweexpressouropinion?

Discussion第二頁第三頁，共34頁。summaryunderstandingtopicsentenceskeywordssetsentencepatternssummarize/rewritethewritingstylethe3rdperson第三頁第四頁，共34頁。3Stylesof

PassagesStyles（體裁）Functions（功能）Narration(記敘文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentation(議論文)showthewriter’spointofviewExposition(說明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenon第四頁第五頁，共34頁。Task1:Howtofindthekeysentences

orkeywords?體裁關(guān)鍵句記敘文議論文說明文抓住who,whathappened,及thewriter’spurpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句第五頁第六頁，共34頁。Task2:

Recognizethestylesof3givenpassagesandfindoutthekeysentencesorkeywordsofeachpassage.第六頁第七頁，共34頁。TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定時態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過去時，那么基本時態(tài)用過去時；如果是現(xiàn)在的，那么基本時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時；(2)定人稱：一般情況下采用第三人稱來寫作，特殊如書信的，可能會使用第一、二人稱；(3)定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。第七頁第八頁，共34頁。完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改的，得0分；2.機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得1分；3.稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語、賓語、原文詞序的，得2分；4.創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語、賓語、原文詞序還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得3分；5.結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、詞性變化比較好的得4至5分。2007年廣東高考概括部分評分細(xì)則第八頁第九頁，共34頁。Task3：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.第九頁第十頁，共34頁。(1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings

同義替換法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefact

thatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient.because第十頁第十一頁，共34頁。(2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正話反說法Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed第十一頁第十二頁，共34頁。(3)Changethepartofspeech

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance第十二頁第十三頁，共34頁。(4)Changethestructureofasentence句式變化法語態(tài)變換：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven第十三頁第十四頁，共34頁。簡單句變復(fù)合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.When_________________,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.whichgivenmorepraise第十四頁第十五頁，共34頁。(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof第十五頁第十六頁，共34頁。(6)Changetheorderofthewords.詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.Patiencethesecretofsuccess第十六頁第十七頁，共34頁。(7)Omitthedetails細(xì)節(jié)省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.———————————————Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.第十七頁第十八頁，共34頁。(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasentence句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.______________________________________________________MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.第十八頁第十九頁，共34頁。SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(記敘文概要模板)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(議論文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(說明文概要模板)第十九頁第二十頁，共34頁。(1)記敘文概要模板點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：Thewritertellsus…（主題）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情節(jié)）.作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which……他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth…..第二十頁第二十一頁，共34頁。(2)議論文概要模板Thearticlegivestheviewthat…should/shouldn’t…（主題）.…..（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）.Thepassagehighlights(強(qiáng)調(diào))theimportanceofsth…..Theauthorarguesthat…第二十一頁第二十二頁，共34頁。(3)說明文概要模板現(xiàn)象揭示類：

Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-----…（主題),which…..（補(bǔ)充解釋）.利弊對比類：

Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpact(影響)ofsth.Onthepositiveside…,butitmayalso….研究顯示類：Thestudyreveals(揭露)that…Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…第二十二頁第二十三頁，共34頁。Task4:WriteasummaryPassage1第二十三頁第二十四頁，共34頁。關(guān)鍵詞、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,

(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.__________had____________________with__________who_________________.Thewriterafishingexperienceanoldmantaughthimalesson詞序變化法Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.(2)(1)連詞成句第二十四頁第二十五頁，共34頁。Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalesson.Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.句式變化法Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalessonthatpatiencewasthesecretofsuccess.Thewritertellsus…（主題）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情節(jié)）.第二十五頁第二十六頁，共34頁。ReferenceKeyforPassage1:Thewritertellsuspatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccessbyshowingusanexampleofhisunforgettablefishingexperiencewithanoldman,whotaughthimalesson.(35words)注意第二十六頁第二十七頁，共34頁。Passage2:關(guān)鍵句Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.細(xì)節(jié)省略法Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.詞序變化法、連詞銜接法Givepraiseinsteadofscolding.詞性變換法Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.第二十七頁第二十八頁，共34頁。(2)Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.句意理解法同義替換法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法細(xì)節(jié)省略法第二十八頁第二十九頁，共34頁。(1)Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)

Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.Thearticlegivestheviewthatwheneducatingchildren,parentsshouldpraiseandencouragetheminsteadofscolding,whichwillhelpchildrentomakeprogressa