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第第#頁(yè),共15頁(yè)2023年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(一)答案與詳解PartIWriting結(jié)構(gòu)框圖:'?第]段引出話題:如今,人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到心理健康需要像身體健康一樣得到重視。 :TheImportanceof
MentalWellness,、 /
?-?■?;第2段具體闡述心理健康影響我們的快樂(lè)、生產(chǎn)力和人際關(guān)系。TheImportanceof
MentalWellness:?戒第3段總結(jié)全文,重申觀點(diǎn)。范文點(diǎn)評(píng):參考范文精彩點(diǎn)評(píng)TheImportanceofMentalWellness【1】Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuchattentionasphysicalhealth.Mentalhealthiscriticaltooverallhealthandwell-being,yetithasoftenbeenneglected.【2】Mentalhealthissuescanimpactanyoneatanytime,regardlessofage,gender,orbackground.【3】First,mentalwell-beingaffectsourhappiness.Whenwehavegoodmentalwell-being,wecanexperiencepositiveemotionssuchasjoy,gratitude,andsatisfaction.Theseemotionscanimproveourmood,andmakeusmoreresilienttostressandadversity.【4】Second,mentalwell-beinghasagreatimpactonourproductivity.Whenwehavegoodmentalwell-being,wecanbemoremotivated,creative,andefficientinourworkandstudies.Wecanalsocopebetterwithchallengesanddifficulties.[5]Third,mentalwell-beingalsohasagreatinfluenceonourrelationships.Mentallyhealthypeoplearenotonlymoreempathetic,compassionate,andcooperativewithothers,butalsocommunicatebetterandresolvetheconflictmoreeffectively.【6】Therefore,weshouldallpaymoreattentiontoourmentalwell-beingandseekhelpwhenneeded.Mentalwell-beingisasimportantasphysicalhealthforouroverallwell-being.[1] 引出話題:如今,人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到心理健康需要像身體健康一樣得到重視。[2] 進(jìn)一步指出心理健康問(wèn)題可以在任何時(shí)候影響任何人?!?】【4】【5】分別使用“First,...”“Second,...”和“Third,...B逐條闡述心理健康影響我們的快樂(lè)、生產(chǎn)力和人際關(guān)系?!?】用“Therefore,總結(jié)全文,再次強(qiáng)調(diào)我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注心理健康,并在需要的時(shí)候?qū)で髱椭?,心理健康和身體健康同樣重要。話題詞匯:;regardlessof不管?compassionate富有同情心的:adversity;regardlessof不管?compassionate富有同情心的:adversity逆境;gratitude感激:haveagreatimpacton對(duì) 有很大的影響resilient適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)的;對(duì)困境有承受力的overallwell-being整體幸福感empathetic移情作用的;同感的
PartHListeningComprehensionSectionAQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.M:Hi,Lily,how'sthenewapartment?W:It'sokay.M:What?Howcanitbejustokaywhenlastweekyouwerethrilledabouttheplaceandkeptpostingphotosofitonline?W:Well,(l)lastweekwhenImovedin,theapartmentseemedcozy,jnsttherightsizeforoneperson.Butnowitjustseemstiny,shabbyandsolitary.M:Ah,that'stheproblem.Youmissyourroommatesfromuniversity,don'tyou?W:(2)I'mgoingtosoundlikeanidiot,becauseIusedtocomplaintoyouallthetimeabouthowcrowdedourdormitoryroomwas,andaboutallthethingstheydidtoirritateme,likewatchingmovieslateatnightwithoutheadphones,ortalkingloudlyearlyinthemorning.ButnowImissthemterribly.M:Ofcourseyoudo.That'sperfectlynormal.(3)WhenIgotmyfirstplaceIrememberthinkingIcouldn'twaittolivebymyselfandgetawayfrommyjuvenileroommatesandalltheirannoyinghabits.ButthenIbeganmissingthemandfeelinglonelyandthinkingthatourdormitorywaslikeparadise,eventhoughthereweresixofusguysinonesmallroom.W:Ithoughtitwasjustmewhofeltlikethat.M:Look,youlivedathomewithus,andthenyouhadthreeroommates,andthisisyourfirsttimelivingalone.Soit'shard.Butyourfirstapartmentisamilestoneinyourlife,andyoushouldcelebrateit.Tellmeabouttheapartment.W:Actually,it'snotbad.Infact,it'sprettyadorable,nowthatIhavedecorateditandithaseverythingIneed.Ihaveakitchentocookinandabathroomalltomyself,andthenanotherroomwithmybedatoneend,andasofa,asmalltableandchairsattheotherend.M:(4)ThatdoessoundadorableandIcan'twaittoseeit,andneithercanmomanddad.答案詳解Whatwasthewoman'sfirstimpressionoftheapartment?B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。根據(jù)句(1)可知,女士上個(gè)星期搬進(jìn)公寓的時(shí)候認(rèn)為公寓看起來(lái)溫暖又舒適,面積也正適合一個(gè)人居住。因此答案為B)。選項(xiàng)中的warmandcomfortable是錄音中cozy的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。Whydoesthewomansaysheisgoingtosoundlikeanidiot?B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。女士在句(2)中提到,她自己聽(tīng)起來(lái)像個(gè)白癡,因?yàn)樗^(guò)去總是向男士抱怨宿舍有多擁擠,抱怨室友所做的所有讓她惱火的事情,比如深夜看電影不戴耳機(jī),或者一大早就大聲說(shuō)話。但現(xiàn)在她非常想念室友。由此可知,女士認(rèn)為自己像一個(gè)白癡是因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在非常想念她曾經(jīng)大為抱怨的室友。因此答案為B)。Whatdowelearnaboutthemanwhenheleftthedormitorytoliveonhisown?C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)句(3)可知,當(dāng)男士第一次有了自己的地方時(shí),他迫不及待地想自己生活,擺脫幼稚的室友和室友那些煩人的習(xí)慣。但后來(lái),男士開(kāi)始想念他們,他感到孤獨(dú),認(rèn)為盡管六個(gè)人擠在一個(gè)小房間里,但宿舍就像天堂一樣。由此可知,男士離開(kāi)宿舍獨(dú)居之后經(jīng)歷了和女士相似的心路歷程。因此答案為C)。Whatdoesthemansayhecan'twaittodo?A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。男士開(kāi)導(dǎo)了女士之后,讓女士描述一下她的公寓。聽(tīng)過(guò)女士對(duì)公寓的正面描述后,男士在句⑷中說(shuō):“確實(shí)聽(tīng)起來(lái)討人喜歡,我迫不及待要去看一下了 因此,男士迫不及待想做的事情是去看一下女士的公寓,答案為A)。Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:WelcometoourprogramBookTalk.OurguesttodayisFrankJones,(5)acriticofoureducationsystem,andtheauthorofanewbook,HowtoReformOurUniversities.M:Hello,Susan.W:Frank,yousupportradicallychanginguniversitiesinAmerica?M:Yes,(6)Ibelievethatthepurposeofhighereducationistoprepareyoungpeopletoentertheworkforce,
andthatourcuirentsystemfailstodothis.We'reallocatingtoomanyresourcestodisciplinesthatdon'tmatchtheneedsofemployers.W:Ithinkyourattitudetoeducationisabitcynical,Frank.Surelythepurposeofuniversityistoprepareyoungpeopletoparticipatefullyinciviclife,ratherthanjusttofindwell-paidjobs.M:Susan,manyyounggraduatesstruggletofindanyjob,letaloneagoodone.Thejobmarketisgrim,particularlyforstudentswhostudythearts.W:Iagreethatitisn'teasyforyoungpeopletofindwork,butyouproposeclosingdownalldepartmentsthataren'tdirectlyrelatedtoscienceandtechnology.Isthatreallythesolution?M:You'reoverstatingmypoint.(7)Myargumentisthatweneedtousemoreofourbudgetonareaslikescienceandengineering.Todothat,weneedtotakemoneyfromsubjectslikeliteratureandmusic.W:Buttheartshavevalue.They'reanimportantpartofourculture.Studyingliteratureormusicorsculpturemightnotresultinajobinthatarea,(8)butithelpsyoungpeopletothinkabouttheworldinadeeperway,whichmakesthembettercitizensandmakesforabettersociety.M:Iagreethattheartsarevaluabletosociety,butit'snaivetothinkthatnotonlythemosttalented,butallstudentsshouldstudythematuniversitylevel.Theartsareverycompetitive,andmostgraduateswillendupwithagreatdealofdebt,obtainingadegreethathaslittlevalueonthejobmarket.答案詳解答案詳解5.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationabouttheman?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。句(5)中,女士介紹說(shuō)男士是“我們”教育體系的批評(píng)者,同時(shí)也是新書(shū)《如何改革我們的大學(xué)》的作者。由此可知,男士最近剛出版了一本書(shū)。因此答案為D)。WhatdoesthemanbelieveistheproblemwiththecurrentAmericansystemofhighereducation?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。根據(jù)句(6)可知,男士認(rèn)為高等教育的目的是讓年輕人做好參加工作的準(zhǔn)備,而當(dāng)前的高等教育體系并沒(méi)有做到這一點(diǎn)。因此答案為C)。Howshouldtheeducationbudgetbeallocatedaccordingtotheman?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。根據(jù)句(7)可知,男士認(rèn)為應(yīng)該將更多的預(yù)算用到像科學(xué)和工程這樣的領(lǐng)域。因此答案為A)。Whatdoesthewomansaytheartscando?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。女士認(rèn)為藝術(shù)有其價(jià)值所在。句(8)中,女士提到,它有助于年輕人用更深刻的方式來(lái)思考世界,這會(huì)讓他們成為更好的公民,構(gòu)建一個(gè)更好的社會(huì)。因此答案為D)。SectionBQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Doyoueverhavetheannoyingfeelingthatyoudon'thavetimetoreallythinkanymore?You'renotalone.Avarietyoffactorshaveconspiredtorobusoftimeforreflectionaboutourselvesandourlives.Today,ourpreoccupiedmindsarerarelysilent.Theaveragepersonreceiveshundredsoftextsandvoicemessagesaday,andholidaysformanyofusareaction-packedweeks,morelikelyfulloffamilyactivitiesthanopportunitiesfortranquilityandcontemplation.Regularreflection、however,underliesallgreatprofessionals.It'saprerequisiteforyoutorechargeyourmentalbatteries,seethingsinanewlightandtapintoyourcreativity.AlmostallofthegreatadvisorsthatIhavestudiedhavefoundwaystogetawayfromitallandcontemplatetheirlifeandwork.(11)Someresearchersinthefieldofcreativity,infact,believethatinsightoccursduringthereflectionandrelaxationthatfollowsaperiodofintenseactivity.Scheduletimeforreflectionaboutyourwork,oraparticularprojectyou'reengagedin.Iusuallyblockouthalfanhour.Don'tanswerthephone;pushyourpaperstotheside;sketch;makelists;drawmindmapsofideasthatcometoyou.Attheend,writedownanyemergingideas.Whenyou'realone,stopworryingandthink.Alotofourdowntimeisspentworryingabouttroublesomethingsinourlivesorfantasizingabouthowwe'dlikeourlivestobe.Revisitthingsduringmomentsofrelaxation,afteraperiodofintensework.Thisiswhenwearethemostcreative.答案詳解9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefeelingthatonedoesn'thavetimetothinkanymore?A)9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefeelingthatonedoesn'thavetimetothinkanymore?A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。句(9)中,講話者先提出一個(gè)因此答案為A)。Whattraitdoallgreatprofessionalsshare?B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。根據(jù)句(10)可知,所有偉大的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士都會(huì)定期反思。因此答案為B)。選項(xiàng)中的contemplation是錄音中reflection的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。Whatdosomeresearchersbelieveisconducivetocreativeideas?D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(11)中提到,創(chuàng)造力領(lǐng)域的一些研究人員認(rèn)為,洞察力實(shí)際上產(chǎn)生于一段時(shí)間緊鑼密鼓的活動(dòng)后的反思和放松中。因此答案為D)。Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.(12)EvenbeforeColoradowasastate,ithadpostoffices.Thefirstopenedin1859inasettlementfoundedbymigrantssearchingforgold.LifecouldbeunpredictableatWest—goldfailedtoappear,droughtruinedfarmersandsettlersclashedwithNativeAmericans.Onthesettlement'slocation,nowstandsasprawlinguniversitycampus.Amidallthechanges,onefeatureremainedconstant—thepostalservice.ThemapstracingAmerica'swestwardexpansionaretelling.In1864,therewerefewpostalbranchesonlandcontrolledbyNativeAmericans,whichstillaccountedformostoftheWest.Overthenext25years,postofficesgrewquickly.ColonizationoftheWestcouldberegardedasaresultofbiggovernmentratherthanpioneers.(13)Asfederalsubsidiesandlandgrantstemptedpeopleintothedesertsandplains,thepostkeptthemconnected.(14)Inthemid?19thcentury,thepostofficedepartmentwasfarfromacentralizedbureaucracy.Tokeepupwithmigrationpatterns,postalserviceswereaddedtoexistingbusinesses,Thefederalgovernmentcommissionedprivatewagonstocarrythemail.Short-termcontractsweregrantedtolocalbusinessmentoactaspostmasters.Thesepartnershipsenabledthemailtoquicklyfollowmigrants,helpingknittogetherremotepartsofthecountry.(15)Mr.Blevins,adigitalhistorian,wroteabookonthehistoryoftheUSpostalservice,heuseddatasciencetoanalyzehistoricaltrends.Moststrikingly,hebuiltanaccompanyingwebsite,completewithinteractivemaps.Theyshowreadershow,withinageneration,thepostalservicehelpedcolonizeacontinent.Theseonlineinteractivemapsillustratetheformativepowerofsnailmail.答案詳解WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutColoradobeforeitbecameastate?C) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(12)中,講話者提到,科羅拉多在成為一個(gè)州之前就有郵局。因此答案為C)。HowdidthepostalservicecontributetoAmerica'swestwardexpansion?D) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(13)中,講話者提到,聯(lián)邦政府的補(bǔ)貼和土地補(bǔ)助誘使人們進(jìn)入沙漠和平原地區(qū),而郵政使他們保持聯(lián)系。因此答案為D)。WhatdidthefederalgovernmentdotomeettheincreasingdemandforthepostalserviceintheWest?B) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。句(14)中,講話者提到,19世紀(jì)中期,郵政部門(mén)遠(yuǎn)不是中央集權(quán)的官僚機(jī)構(gòu)。為了跟上移民模式,在現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)中增加了郵政服務(wù)。聯(lián)邦政府委托私人運(yùn)貨車(chē)來(lái)運(yùn)送郵件。也就是說(shuō),西部地區(qū)對(duì)郵政服務(wù)的需求增大,聯(lián)邦政府委托私人運(yùn)貨車(chē)來(lái)滿足這一需求。因此答案為B)。WhatdidMr.BlevinsdotostudythehistoryoftheUSpostalservice?C) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。根據(jù)句(15)可知.Blevins先生是一位數(shù)字歷史學(xué)家,他寫(xiě)了一本關(guān)于美國(guó)郵政服務(wù)歷史的書(shū),使用數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)來(lái)分析歷史趨勢(shì)。因此答案為C)。SectionCQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Inlastweek'slecture,wediscussedreasonswhypeopleforgetthings.Thisweek,wewilldiscussasurprisingreasonwhywemightremembersomethings—anxiety.Thinkaboutsomethingassimpleasbuyingacoffee.Thatmaynotseemlikeanexperiencethatwouldmakeadeepimpressiononyourmemory,butanxietycouldchangethat.Infact,(16)anewstudysuggeststhatpeoplewithhigheranxietylevelsmightremembercertaininformationbetterthanpeoplewithloweranxietylevels.That'sbecausehigherlevelsofanxietymaymakepeoplemoresusceptibletonegativefeelings,puttingtheminamorenegativestateofmind.Thatinturnmaymakethemabletobetterremembersomeevents.Let'stakeacloserlookatthatnewstudynow.(17)Inthisstudy,theresearchersstartedbygiving80undergraduatestudentsananxietytest.Thetestmeasuredtheoarticipants,anxietylevelsoverthepreceding
twoweeks.Then,totestmemory,theparticipantswereshownaseriesofneutralwords,oneatatime.Someofthewordswereprintedontophotosofnegativescenes,meaningimagesthatcouldaffecttheiremotionsnegatively,suchasaphotoofacaraccidentoracemetery.Therestofthewordswereprintedontophotosofneutralscenes,suchasaphotoofalakeortrees.Neutralwordsincludedwordslike"table"or"desk"thatdon'telicitemotion.Later,theparticipantswereaskedtothinkbacktothewordstheywereshownearlier,whichcausedthemtoreentereitheranegativeoraneutralmindset.Theparticipantswerethenpresentedwithanothersetofneutralwords,andtheirmemoryofthesenewwordswastested.Theresearchersfoundthatthenewwordspresentedtopeopleinanegativemindsetwerebetterrememberedbypeoplewithhigherlevelsofanxietythanthosewithlowerlevelsofanxiety.Inotherwords,whenhighlyanxiousindividualstookinotherwiseemotionallyneutralinformationthatwaspresentedtothem,itbecamecoloredbytheirnegativemindset,makingthemremembertheinformationbetter.Butthesesameeffectswerenotseeninpeoplewithlowlevelsofanxiety.(18)Previousstudieshavefoundthatextremelevelsofanxiety,suchasthoseexperiencedbypeoplediagnosedwithananxietydisorder,canbequitedetrimentaltomemoryandcognitiveperformance.Butthehighlyanxiouspeopleinthisstudyrepresentindividualswhoaremanagingtheiranxietyandforwhomanxietyisnotaseriousproblem.答案詳解Whatdoesthespeakersaythenewstudysuggests?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。句(16)中,講話者提到,一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,焦慮程度較高的人可能比焦慮程度較低的人更能記住某些信息。也就是說(shuō),較高的焦慮水平可能會(huì)提高人們的記憶力。因此答案為A)。Whatdidresearchersdofirstinthenewstudy?C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講話者講述了新研究的細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)句(17)可知,研究人員以對(duì)80名本科生進(jìn)行焦慮測(cè)試開(kāi)始了這項(xiàng)研究。因此答案為C)。Whatdowelearnfrompreviousstudiesaboutanxiety?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(18)中,講話者提到,先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),像被診斷為患有焦慮癥的人所經(jīng)歷的那種極度焦慮對(duì)記憶力和認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)損害相當(dāng)大。也就是說(shuō),極度焦慮會(huì)對(duì)認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。因此答案為B)。Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Overthepast20years,theinternethasgraduallybecomeadominantfeatureofourlives.Ithaschangedhowwecommunicatewitheachother,andithasdefinitelytransformedthewaywedobusinesswitheachother.Marketinghasalsochangedinanumberofways.Forinstance,inthepastconsumershadtocallaphonenumberandpatientlywaitonhold,inordertogettheinformationtheywanted.(19)Today,theywanttheinformationimmediately.They'llgotothecompany'ssocialmediapageandpostcommentsandquestions,expectingtoreceiveanimmediateresponse.Iftheydon'tgettheirquestionsansweredsoon,they'llmoveontoanothercompanythatwillanswerthemquickly.Marketingdepartmentstodayneedtofollowtechnologicaldevelopment.Forexample,thisyear'ssmartphoneissmarterthanlastyear's;self-drivingcarsarenowontheroad.Marketershavetodoresearchonwhichtechnologiesarecomingintobeing.Otherwisetheyriskbeingleftbehindinthevirtualdust.Marketinghasalsochangedduetotheimportanceofvideo.Peopledon'tjustwanttoreadtext;theywanttowatchthingshappening.Companiesnowhavetoexplorehowtheycanusevideoonaconsistentbasistoshareinformationabouttheirbusinesses.Fortunately,it'sextremelyeasytoshootsomethingthesedays.Allyouneedisasmartphone.Butwhat'stheresultofallthis?Shorterattentionspans.Wearethesamepeoplethatwewere20yearsago.Notonlyhavewegrownaccustomedtogettingtheinformationwewantinstantaneously,ourattentionspansaremuchshorter.Ifsomethingdoesn'tcaptureourattentionwithinafewseconds,we'reontothenextpieceofcontent.(20)Marketersneedtofigureoutwaystospeakdirectlytothecustomer'semotionsandtheyneedtofigureouthowtodothatasquicklyaspossible.Oncepeopleareemotionallyengaged,they'llstickwithyou.Ifmarketinghaschangedthismuchinthepast20years,imaginewhatthenext20yearswillbring.Inarecentsurvey,only9%ofmarketerscouldsaywithconfidencethattheirmarketingeffortswereactuallyworking.Theirconfidenceisbeingshaken,becausetherulesofthegamechangeeveryyear.(21)That,swhyit'simportantformarketerstopayattentiontothelatesttechnologicaldevelopmentsandconsidercollaboratingwithtechnologicalinnovators.Thatway,they'llbemovingatthesamepaceasthetechindustry.答案詳解Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttoday'sconsumers?D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講話者先提到了過(guò)去的消費(fèi)者:必須要撥打電話號(hào)碼并且耐心等待才能獲得他們想要的信息。接著在句(19)中描述了如今的消費(fèi)者:他們想要立即得到信息。因此答案為D)。Howdomarketerscaptureconsumers'attentionasquicklyaspossible?C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。講話者提到,我們的注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間變短,如果不能在幾秒鐘內(nèi)吸引我們的注意力,我們就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向下一條內(nèi)容。根據(jù)句(20)可知,營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員需要找到直接與消費(fèi)者的情感進(jìn)行對(duì)話的方法,而且需要盡快弄清楚要怎么做到這一點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō),要快速吸引消費(fèi)者的注意力就要直接與他們的情感對(duì)話。因此答案為C)。Whatdoesthespeakersuggestmarketersdotomeetfuturechallenges?B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。講話者最后提到了變化的影響,觸發(fā)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員對(duì)未來(lái)的思考。因?yàn)橛螒蛞?guī)則每年都在變化,營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員對(duì)自己營(yíng)銷(xiāo)努力的信心正在動(dòng)搖。之后,講話者在句(21)中說(shuō),這就是營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員關(guān)注最新的技術(shù)發(fā)展并考慮與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新人員合作很重要的原因。這樣他們就會(huì)與技術(shù)行業(yè)齊頭并進(jìn)。也就是說(shuō),營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員要應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)就要跟上技術(shù)的新發(fā)展。因此答案為B)。Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Youmightbesurprisedtolearnthatthebenefitsoffriendshipsextendbeyondpeople'ssociallifeandintotheirwork,whichisinterestingwhenconsideringtheextenttowhichpeoplesacrificefriendships,oratleastthetimetheyspendwithfriends,becauseoftheextendedhoursthey'redevotingtowork.Justlastweek,IwasremarkingtoacolleaguethatFmcontentwithonlyonesocialengagementperweek.Butaccordingtorecentresearch,that'sevidentlynotenough.Inaninitialstudyofmorethan700respondents,scholarsfromanAmericanuniversityanalyzedtheimpactthatfriends,asopposedtofamily,haveonself-esteemandwell-being.Friendscameoutsubstantiallyontop.That'sbecausetobesomeone'smateisavoluntaryact,unlikefamilywhopeoplerarelygettochoose.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplechoosetocultivateandmaintainsupportivefriendshipswithanindividual,itmeansthatthepersonisvaluedandworthyoftheirlimitedtime.Suchsentimentsofvalueandworthinessboostourself-esteem.Thesecondstudycomprisedmorethan300participants.Itprovedthatthebetterwefeelaboutourselves,themorelikelywe'llperformourjobconfidentlyandcompetently.(24)Thisfolk)w?upstudyfoundthatnon?workfriendsevenimprovepeople'sjobsatisfaction.Theyhaveasmuchofanimpactonhowmuchtheylovetheirjobsasdothefriendstheyhaveatwork,despitenotactuallybeingatourplaceofwork.Thesetypesoffriendstendtobeourpreferredoutletforventingaboutwork-relatedmatters.Thisisanavenuethatmaynotbeavailableattheoffice.Soeventhoughfriendshipscanbeeasytoneglectwhenconfrontedbypressuresatwork,orevenpressuresathome,neglectingourfriendscanturnouttobeharmfulandcounterproductive.That'swhy,whendetermininghowtocreateabetterwork-lifebalance,weneedtoconsidernotonlyhowtobalanceworkandfamilydemands,butalsohowtocultivateandsustainsupportivefriendships.(25)It'sforthisreasonthatmanagersshouldneverdiscriminatewhenitcomestorequestsfromemployeesforflexibleworkarrangements.It'sirrelevantwhethertheirneedforadesiredscheduleisdueto,say,parentingresponsibilities,oracravingtohangoutwiththebestmate.Whatmattersistheopportunitytoengageinanourishingactivityoutsideofwork.Thatwilldefinitelyhaveafollow-oneffectatwork.答案詳解Whatdoesthespeakersayisinteresting?D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(22)中提到,你可能驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),友誼的好處超越了人們的社交生活,進(jìn)入到工作中,當(dāng)考慮到人們因?yàn)橥度氲焦ぷ髦械臅r(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而到了犧牲友誼或至少犧牲與朋友在一起的時(shí)間的程度時(shí),這是非常有趣的。也就是說(shuō),人們常常因?yàn)楣ぷ鞫鵂奚颜x,但事實(shí)上友誼對(duì)工作有益處,這非常有趣。因此答案為D)。WhatdidresearchersfromanAmericanuniversityanalyzeintheirinitialstudy?A) t精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(23)中提到,在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)700多名受訪者的初步研究中,美國(guó)一所大學(xué)的學(xué)者分析了朋友而非家人對(duì)自尊和幸福感的影響。因此答案為A)。Whatdidthesecondstudyfindaboutnon-workfriends?D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(24)中提到,追蹤研究發(fā)現(xiàn),工作之外的朋友甚至?xí)嵘藗兊墓ぷ鳚M意
度。因此答案為D)。Whatdoesthespeakersuggestmanagersdo?【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。句(25)中提到,當(dāng)員工要求靈活安排工作時(shí),管理者不應(yīng)該歧視他們。無(wú)論他們需要一個(gè)理想的安排是出于養(yǎng)育責(zé)任,還是渴望和最好的伙伴一起出去玩,這都是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的。重要的是從事工作之外的有益活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。這肯定會(huì)在工作中產(chǎn)生后續(xù)影響。也就是說(shuō),講話者建議管理者同意員工擁有靈活的工作安排。因此答案為A)。PartHReadingComprehensionSectionA【文章來(lái)源】本文選自2018年10月4日刊登在LiveSciencea生活科學(xué)》)雜志上的一篇名為“IsYourDogSuperSmart?No,LOL"(《你的狗狗超級(jí)聰明嗎?哈哈,并非如此》)的文章?!窘Y(jié)構(gòu)框圖】[第1段提到科學(xué)家們最近調(diào)查了關(guān)于狗的智商的很多研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些研究:本文主要介紹了狗的智商并沒(méi)有人們想象的那么高,關(guān)于狗的智商的研究很多都是帶有目的性的。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z:"?:并不可信。 :本文主要介紹了狗的智商并沒(méi)有人們想象的那么高,關(guān)于狗的智商的研究很多都是帶有目的性的。;-「第2段指出通過(guò)對(duì)300多個(gè)研究結(jié)果的對(duì)比,可以認(rèn)定狗沒(méi)有研究者們認(rèn)【為的那樣聰明。 :L■?【第3段指出并不是所有研究者都完全認(rèn)同這項(xiàng)研究的觀點(diǎn)。 :' '【詞性分析】名詞:F)domain(知識(shí)、活動(dòng)的)領(lǐng)域,范疇;J)pledge保證,諾言,誓約;O)volume量,額;體積,容量動(dòng)詞:A)affirmed斷言,證實(shí);D)differentiate區(qū)分,區(qū)別,辨別;H)outperformed勝過(guò),做得比 好;I)overstated夸大,夸張,言過(guò)其實(shí);J)pledge發(fā)誓,作保證;M)prove證明,證實(shí);N)surpass超過(guò),勝過(guò)形容詞:E)distinct截然不同的,有區(qū)別的;G)formidable令人驚嘆的,令人敬畏的;L)prospective有望的,可能的副詞:B)approximately大概,大約;C)completely完全地,徹底地;K)previously先前地答案詳解答案詳解【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。N)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格前是助動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)doesnot,空格后是一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)otherintelligentanimals,是賓語(yǔ),說(shuō)明空格處缺少的是本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形,且為及物動(dòng)詞?!菊Z(yǔ)義判斷】空格前一句提到研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn),在智商較高的食肉動(dòng)物、群居捕獵獸以及家畜當(dāng)中,狗都位列其中,說(shuō)明狗的智商較高,空格所在句卻用but將話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),表示與前文相反的意思,their指代前文提到的dogs,可見(jiàn)這里是說(shuō)狗的智力沒(méi)有高于同類(lèi)的其他動(dòng)物,選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞里只有N)surpass**超過(guò),勝過(guò)”符合句意,故為答案?!究键c(diǎn)】副詞辨析題。K)[語(yǔ)法判斷】瀏覽空格所在句,是一個(gè)由though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句主謂賓成分齊全,空格在從句的末尾,可以判斷空格處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)表示修飾的副詞?!菊Z(yǔ)義判斷】由though可知,空格所在的從句與主句在意思上表示轉(zhuǎn)折,從句提到已經(jīng)有大量研究探討了狗的認(rèn)知能力,其中的hasexamined說(shuō)明是過(guò)去的事了,空格后的主句中卻提到newstudy“新的研究”,著眼的是現(xiàn)在,可以推測(cè)空格所在處的副詞意思上也應(yīng)該表示過(guò)去,才能與主句形成對(duì)比,因此K)previously"先前地”符合句意,故為答案。【考點(diǎn)】名詞辨析題。O)[語(yǔ)法判斷】空格前是及物動(dòng)詞warrant及定冠詞the,其后缺少名詞性的賓語(yǔ)成分,空格后是表所屬的介詞of,因此推斷空格處是一個(gè)名詞,與the和of—起修飾后面的名詞work,作warrant的賓語(yǔ)。【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的topic指的是前一句提到的狗的認(rèn)知,空格后的work是對(duì)前一句提到的research的回指,前一句用asignificantbody表明這種研究很多,因此空格處也應(yīng)是表示大量的一個(gè)詞,瀏覽各名詞選項(xiàng),只有O)volume“量,額”符合句意,thevolumeof是固定短語(yǔ),表示" (巨大的或正在增加的)量”,故為答案?!究键c(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。M)[語(yǔ)法判斷】空格所在處是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作designed的目的狀語(yǔ),因此空格處應(yīng)為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形。【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句提到很多研究者設(shè)計(jì)研究的目的,與狗多聰明有關(guān),空格后面半句更是進(jìn)一步指出研究的目的不是單純地研究狗的頭腦,可以推測(cè)空格所填詞意義與study相近,且有“研究證實(shí)”之意,瀏覽各動(dòng)詞原形,M)prove"證明,證實(shí)"符合句意,故為答案。【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格前是句子主語(yǔ)thesecomparisons,空格后是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,可知空格處應(yīng)是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?!菊Z(yǔ)義判斷】空格前兩句提到Lea和同事對(duì)研究做了很多具體的比較,空格所在句是關(guān)于這些比較與狗很聰明這一結(jié)論之間的關(guān)系,根據(jù)前文可知研究者在設(shè)計(jì)研究的時(shí)候就想證明狗很聰明,因此,這些研究的比較也是能證明狗很聰明這一結(jié)論的,A)affirmed"證實(shí)”符合句意,故為答案?!究键c(diǎn)】形容詞辨析題。G)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格所在句是由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折分句,其中主語(yǔ)是theirintelligence,謂語(yǔ)部分只有系動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)isnot,因此空格所在處為表語(yǔ),應(yīng)為名詞或形容詞,又根據(jù)“as...as...”這一比較結(jié)構(gòu)可進(jìn)一步確定空格處應(yīng)為形容詞?!菊Z(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在處填入的形容詞表示的是一些研究者們對(duì)狗的智商的看法,根據(jù)前文可知這些研究者設(shè)計(jì)研究方案的目的都是為了證明狗有多聰明,可見(jiàn)這些研究者認(rèn)為狗非常聰明,瀏覽各形容詞,只有G)formidable"令人驚嘆的”符合句意,表達(dá)了研究者們對(duì)狗的智商的過(guò)度高估?!究键c(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。D)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格所在處為to引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu),由and可知空格處單詞與recognize并列,也是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形?!菊Z(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句提到狗和貓能夠識(shí)別人的聲音,空格所在處是比"識(shí)別"更進(jìn)一步的意思,因此D)differentiate"區(qū)分"符合句意,故為答案?!究键c(diǎn)】形容詞辨析題。【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格前是介詞of,其賓語(yǔ)是空格后的humanvoices,可知空格處應(yīng)為形容詞,修飾humanvoiceso【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句提到?jīng)]有數(shù)據(jù)表明哪種動(dòng)物能夠記住更多的……聲音,根據(jù)常識(shí)可知人跟人的聲音是各不相同的,因此E)distinct"截然不同的"符合句意,故為答案?!究键c(diǎn)】副詞辨析題。【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格所填詞位于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)agreewith的中間,可以推斷空格處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)副詞,用來(lái)修飾agree,,【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在處表明的是其他研究者對(duì)這項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的認(rèn)同程度,空格后一句中扎卡里?西爾福的例子證明其他研究者認(rèn)為新研究的有些觀點(diǎn)言過(guò)其實(shí),因此可以推測(cè)他們對(duì)新研究并不完全認(rèn)同,因此C)completely"完全地"符合句意,故為答案?!究键c(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。I)【語(yǔ)法判斷】空格位于believes引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中,該從句的主語(yǔ)為theauthorsofthenewstudy,賓語(yǔ)為idea,因此空格處應(yīng)為從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句中as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句中提到,扎卡里?西爾福認(rèn)為狗的認(rèn)知這一領(lǐng)域是一個(gè)新興領(lǐng)域,還有很多可以研究的地方,由此可知,扎卡里?西爾福并不認(rèn)同“對(duì)狗的研究有些太多了”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為新研究的作者們過(guò)分夸大了這一觀點(diǎn),I)overstated"夸大"符合句意,故為答案。參考譯文科學(xué)家們最近調(diào)查了關(guān)于狗的智力的一些研究,并將這些研究與針對(duì)其他智力動(dòng)物的頭腦的研究進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn),在智商較高的食肉動(dòng)物、群居捕獵獸以及家畜當(dāng)中,狗都位列其中,但是,在以上任何一個(gè)研究種類(lèi)中,狗的智商并沒(méi)有超過(guò)同類(lèi)的其他智力動(dòng)物。雖然先前已經(jīng)有大量研究探討了狗的認(rèn)知能力,但是這項(xiàng)新研究的作者們并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)這些專(zhuān)注于狗的智商的大量研究是合理必要的。這項(xiàng)新研究的第一作者斯蒂芬?李認(rèn)為,很多研究者似乎將他們的研究設(shè)計(jì)為證明狗有多聰明,而不是單純地研究狗的頭腦。李和一個(gè)同事調(diào)查了300多個(gè)關(guān)于狗的認(rèn)知能力的研究,并將這些研究的結(jié)果與那些針對(duì)其他動(dòng)物的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。研究者們對(duì)不同智力類(lèi)別的不同種類(lèi)的動(dòng)物進(jìn)行了具體的對(duì)比。這些對(duì)比證實(shí),狗的確是聰明的,但它們的智力水平并沒(méi)有一些研究者們所認(rèn)為的那樣驚人。盡管如此,很多方面的對(duì)比是無(wú)法完成的。比如,研究者們指出,人們都知道狗和貓能夠識(shí)別并區(qū)分人類(lèi)的聲音,但是研究者們找不到任何數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)表明哪種動(dòng)物能夠記住更多不同的人的聲音,所以在這方面是無(wú)法對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較的。然而,并不是所有的研究者都完全認(rèn)同這一研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)。美國(guó)研究者扎卡里?西爾福認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新研究的作者過(guò)分夸大了“對(duì)狗的研究有些太多了”這一觀點(diǎn),畢竟狗的認(rèn)知這一領(lǐng)域是一個(gè)新興領(lǐng)域,關(guān)于狗的思考方式還有很多可以研究的地方。
SectionB【文章來(lái)源】本文選自2018年刊登在NaturalHealthNews《自然健康新聞》上一篇標(biāo)題為“TheLifesavingPowerofGratitude(or,WhyYouShouldWriteThatThankYouNote)”(《感恩之心的救生力量(或者,為什么你應(yīng)該寫(xiě)感謝信)》)的文章?!窘Y(jié)構(gòu)框圖】;-?iA)段引用相關(guān)研究,點(diǎn)明文章主旨:人們往往低估感恩的益處。 ':本文以新近興起的對(duì)于感恩之心益處的研究引入對(duì)感恩之情的論述,指出了心懷感恩、踐行善舉對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)的益處,并分析了其文學(xué)和宗教文化的淵源。:!B)-H)段以笛福在《魯濱孫漂流記》中對(duì)感恩之舉的描寫(xiě)切入,指:■出無(wú)論是在文學(xué)作品還是在傳統(tǒng)文化中,人們對(duì)感恩之心的諸多益:「Q:處早有認(rèn)識(shí),而新近的研究對(duì)此做出了印證;同時(shí)也介紹了人們對(duì):本文以新近興起的對(duì)于感恩之心益處的研究引入對(duì)感恩之情的論述,指出了心懷感恩、踐行善舉對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)的益處,并分析了其文學(xué)和宗教文化的淵源。::于感恩為何有益的各種解釋。:'、/:段指出善行未必總能激發(fā)感恩之情,并分析善行未能取得正面效果;TOC\o"1-5"\h\z「竺的原因。 ::-■?1j)-l)段是對(duì)如何做到心懷感恩的一些具體建議。、6《M)段呼應(yīng)前文提到的笛福在文學(xué)作品中對(duì)心懷感恩的描寫(xiě),再次強(qiáng):調(diào)心懷感恩之心的益處。 :、一 )答案詳解答案詳解【定位】由題干中的focuson定位到文章C)段最后一句。O【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。C)段最后一句指出,專(zhuān)注于生活中我們可以表達(dá)感激之情的事情比專(zhuān)注于讓我們產(chǎn)生怨恨和悲傷的事情更為有益,由此可知,題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的good對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的helpful,題干中的begrateful對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的expressgratitude,題干中的whatmakesussadandresentful是對(duì)原文中thosethatinclineustowardresentmentandlamentation的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為C)?!径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的beneficialimpactsofgratitude、extend和community定位到G)段第四、五句。G)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到,人們互存感激之心的社區(qū)更加宜居,而感恩的有益影響甚至可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。隨后兩句則指出,心懷感恩的人會(huì)給周?chē)氖澜鐜?lái)更多的善意,可知這是說(shuō)感恩的益處可輻射至整個(gè)社會(huì),結(jié)合上一段提到的感恩給個(gè)人帶來(lái)的益處,可知感恩的益處可從個(gè)人延伸到他們的社區(qū)乃至更廣泛的社會(huì),題干是對(duì)G)段相關(guān)信息的歸納概括,故答案為G).【定位】由題干中的theparticipants和recentstudy定位到文章A)段第二句。A)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。A)段定位句提到,最近的一項(xiàng)研究要求參與者給人寫(xiě)一封感謝信,然后預(yù)估收信人會(huì)有多么驚訝和高興一而參與者們一直都低估了這種影響。題干中的repeatedlyunderestimated對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的consistentlyunderestimated,題干中的positive是對(duì)原文中surprisedandhappy的轉(zhuǎn)述,題干中的effect對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的impact,故答案為A)?!径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的uncomfortable定位到I)段第 OI)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。I)段定位句指出,善意的行為也可能導(dǎo)致不適。題干中的gooddeeds是對(duì)原文中actsofkindness的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,題干中的makepeoplefeeluncomfortable是對(duì)原文中fosterdiscomfort的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為D?!径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的expressgratitude、benefit和moral定位到文章F)段第二至四句。F)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。F)段定位句提到,向他人表達(dá)感激之情能夠提高人際關(guān)系滿意度,身體疾病的癥狀也會(huì)減少,進(jìn)而指出,其益處還不僅僅是心理上和身體上的,也可能是道德方面的。題干中的expressgratitude對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的expressinggratitude,而題干中的benefitinmoralterms是對(duì)本段第三、四句信息的歸納概括,故答案為F).【定位】由題干中的basketballcoach和generousacts定位到K)段第一句和第三句。K)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。K)段第一句提到一位籃球教練向?qū)W員提出兩條建議,而其后的第三句提到,他的第一條建議旨在促進(jìn)純粹的慷慨行為,而不是那些以期獲得回報(bào)為動(dòng)機(jī)的善舉。題干中的advocatedperforminggenerousacts對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的promotepurelygenerousacts,題干中的withoutexpectinganythinginreturn是原文中asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為K)?!径ㄎ弧坑深}干中的evidence和countourblessings定位到文章D)段最后一句。D)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。D)段定位句指出,越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,歷數(shù)幸事是我們可以養(yǎng)成的促進(jìn)身心健康的最佳習(xí)慣之一。題干中的moreandmore是原文中mounting的同義表達(dá),題干中的makesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthier是原文中promotementalandphysicalhealth的同義表達(dá),故答案為D)。【定位】由題干中的ofallstatesofmind定位到文章M)段最后一句的前半部分。M)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。M)段定位句指出,在所有的心態(tài)中,感恩是最健康、最滋養(yǎng)的。題干中的feelinggrateful對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的gratitude,題干中的themosthealthyandbeneficial則是對(duì)原文中thehealthiestandmostnourishing的同義
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