對小說《白牙》的分析解讀 文學(xué)專業(yè)

AbstractJackLondon,afamousAmericanwriter,wasbornin1876inSanFrancisco.HisnovelWhiteFangisthemostattractiveoneoftheanimalnovels.Inthisnovel,thedogistheprotagonist.Bydescribingthelifecourseoftheprotagonist“WhiteFang”,thenovelconveysthethoughtofJackLondon’s“naturalselectionandsurvivalofthefittest”.Inthispaper,throughtheintroductionofthelifecourseofwhitefang,itanalyzesthemutualconversionof“wolves”andthe“dogs”undertheinfluenceofthechangingenvironmentalfactors.Itisconcludedthatunderthepreconditionofemphasizingtheeffectofenvironment,peoplemustlearntomakethecorrectactivealienation.Thispaperisdividedintofiveparts.Thefirstpartisabriefintroductiontotheauthorandnovel.Thesecondpartfirstlyintroducesthetransformationsof“wolves”and“dogs”oftheherowhitefanginfourkindsofspaceconversion.Andthethirdpartshowstheconclusionandanalysisofthetransformation.Thefourthpartshowsthenaturallawnamed“naturalselectionandsurvivalofthefittest”.Tohumansociety,thelawisalsoright.Therearemoreandmoreintensecompetitionsinthesociety,weneedtolearntoimproveourselvesandresistthetemptation,andfinallywecouldmakerightdecisionandhaveaplaceinthecommunityofus.Finallythefifthpartmakesashortconclusionabouttheprevious

information.Fortheindividualorsociety,wecouldsteerasteadycourseonlybydiscoveringourweaknessesandmakingcontinuousimprovement.Thispapertriestogettherealisticmeaningfromthehero’sexperiencefullofstruggleandalienationbyanalyzingthenovelWhiteFang:Weareabouttoentersociety.Facingthemodernsocietyfullofalienation,weshouldlearnthefightingspiritandthecouragetotaketheactivealienation.Onlyinthiswaycanweadapttothecomplexenvironment,makeaccuratepositionandfindarightplaceforusinthecompetitivesociety.KeyWords:WhiteFang;Naturalselectionandsurvivalofthefittest;Adaption;Activealienation摘要杰克·倫敦，1876年生于舊金山。他的小說《白牙》，是動物描寫小說中，狗作為主角的最有魅力的一篇。小說通過對主人公“白牙”的生命歷程的刻畫，傳達出杰克·倫敦所推崇的“物競天擇，適者生存”思想。本文通過對“白牙”的生命歷程的介紹，分析在多變的環(huán)境因素的影響下，“白牙”的狼性與狗性的主動轉(zhuǎn)換。得出結(jié)論：在強調(diào)環(huán)境影響作用的前提之下，人必須學(xué)會做出正確的主動異化，達到適應(yīng)社會、發(fā)展自身的目的。本文分為四部分，第一部分是對小說作者，背景及小說內(nèi)容的簡單介紹；第二部分主要是介紹主人公“白牙”在四種空間轉(zhuǎn)換中狼性與狗性的不斷轉(zhuǎn)換。分析這種轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生的原因與結(jié)果。第三部分是生活轉(zhuǎn)換的總結(jié)與分析。第四部分主要從小說主人公“白牙”的生命歷程中，得出“物競天擇，適者生存”和“優(yōu)勝劣汰”的自然法則，聯(lián)系人類社會，自然法則同樣適用。在競爭日益激烈的現(xiàn)今，我們更應(yīng)該向白牙學(xué)習(xí)，不斷學(xué)習(xí)、提高自己，同時抵御各種誘惑，做出正確的判斷和抉擇，才能在社會上有一個屬于自己的立足之地。第五部分是對以上信息的簡短總結(jié)：個人，或是社會都是一般，只有不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、改進提高，才能穩(wěn)步前進。本文通過對小說《白牙》的分析解讀，在“白牙”的斗爭與異化經(jīng)歷中得出其現(xiàn)實意義：我們即將步入社會，面對異化充斥的現(xiàn)代社會，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)“白牙”的斗爭精神以及主動異化的勇氣。只有這樣，才能適應(yīng)面對各種繁雜的環(huán)境，找準(zhǔn)自身定位，為自己在競爭激烈的社會中找到一份立足之地。關(guān)鍵詞：《白牙》；物競天擇，適者生存；適應(yīng)環(huán)境；主動異化Contents1.BackgroundInformation11.1IntroductionofJackLondon11.2IntroductionoftheNovel12.TheTransformationof“Wolves”and“Dogs”22.1IntheForests22.2IntheIndigenousTribes22.3IntheArena32.4IntheHomeofScott33.TheAnalysisoftheTransformation43.1TheConclusionabouttheTransformationof“Wolves”and“Dogs”43.2TheAnalysisofCauseandResult44.LinkedtoHumanSociety64.1TheLawNamed“NaturalSelectionandSurvivaloftheFittest”64.2TheAppliesoftheLawinHumansSociety64.3CorrectandRightTransformation75.Conclusion11Bibliography13TheTransformationfrom“Wolves”to“Dogs”——NaturalSelectionandSurvivaloftheFittestIntroductionThispartintroducesoftheauthorandnovelbriefly,includingashortbriefofJackLondon’searlylife.1.1IntroductionofJackLondonJackLondon,afamousAmericanwriter,wasbornin1876atSanFrancisco.Hewasoneofthewriterswhohadthemostrevenuesinthattime.Hegrewupinafamilywithnofixedoccupationandnofixedresidence，hehadtoearnmoneyasthetenthkidinhishome.WhenJackLondonwasyoung,hewaskidnappedbythiefandvillainanddidsomethingwrongforthem,thisthinggavehimdeepandbadimpression.Inseveralyears,JackLondonfeltdepressedandusuallydrunkdown.HehadbeenAlaskaforalongtime,andlaterthisplacebecametobethebackgroundofTheCallofWild.JackLondonbegantowriteattheageof24anddiedwhenhewasonly40yearsold.Since1900,hehadpublishedmanyfamousworks,including19novels,150shortstoriesandalargenumberofliteraturereports.Healsowrote3playsandquiteafewessaysandpapers.MostofJackLondon’sworkswerefullofsocialismandindividualismandhadaprofoundimpactontheUnitedStatesandtherestoftheworld.JackLondonwasoneofthemostpopularwritersandhisworkswerepopularallovertheworld.JackLondon’screativecareerwasshort,buthestudiedhardtowintimeandlife.IntroductionoftheNovelWhiteFangwaswrittenbyJackLondon.Inthisnovel,dogistherealprotagonist,andthatthereisnodoubtthatthisnovelhasmorecharmsthanhisotherworks.InWhiteFang,thebackgroundisthenorthwestborderofthefrozenzone.Inthisnovel,JackLondondoesn’tusesamestyleofTheCallofWild;itdescribeshowayoungwolfgetsintotheworldofhumancivilizationfromthewild.ThemoreinterestingandattractivethingisthattheanimalscreatedbyJackLondonalwaysaremoreelegantandmoreworthyofbeingrespectedthanthepeopletheymeet.WhenJackLondonwrotethenovel,hejustgotdivorcedwithhiswife,andtherelationshipbetweenjackandXiaMiAndidn’tsettled.JackLondonwasdepressedinthattime,hewaseagertohaveanewlifewithpeace,sohesaidhewouldwriteacompanionbutacontinuationofTheCallofWild,hewouldturnthewholeprocessupsidedown.Hesaidhewon’tdescribethelossofthecivilizationofthedog;hewoulddescribetheevolutionandcivilizationofadog.Itincludeshislove,loyal,moralandthedevelopmentofalletiquettesandvirtues.WhiteFang,thethemeistheportrayalofJackLondon’shopeofrestartingthewarmfamily,theprotagonist’sexperienceistheprocessaboutreturningtocivilizationandreturningtomorality,thisnewnovelreflectshisbeliefinthattime—Lovecouldcurethemostpainfuldespair.WhiteFangisanovelwhichdescribestheanimals,itwaspublishedin1960.Inthenovel,thebackgroundisthecoldareaofCanada,theauthordescribestheexperienceofawolfdognamedwhitefangwithpersonification:Whitefangwasbroughtintothesocietyofhumanbeingssincehewasseveralmonthsold,andlaterhetransformedintoadogstepbystep.Whitefangisadog,tobehonest,heisawolfdog,theliveswithdifferentpeopleofwhitefangmostlydividedintomanyparts,andtheseshowthehumanizedexperience.Theexperienceofwhitefangisaprocessfromfelicitytosufferingandsufferingtofelicity,

anditisalsotheprocessfromtrusttodoubtanddoubttothetrust.Therearefourchangesindifferentspaces.2.TheTransformationsof“Wolves”and“Dogs”Thereisabriefdescriptionofdifficultexperienceofwhitefang.Therearefourkindsoflifeinthechangingenvironmentandtheactivetransformationsinseveralenvironments.2.1IntheForestsThefirstactivelearning:Whitefangwasborninthedepthsoftheforest,

andhismotherwashisfirstfamilyafterhisbirth.Whenhewasyoung,hewasnotallowedtogetoutofthecave,hewasjustinthelongwaitingforhismothertogohunting,andthenbringfoodtoeat.Onedayheclimbedoutoftheircaveaccidently,andlaterstartedbeingfromtheignorancetotheendtofoundhissurvivalhuntingmethods,finallybegantoexplorethelawoflife.Althoughthesurvivalinthewildwascruel,butwasalsofree.Theexperienceofthistimewasthemostbeautifulmemoriesofthelifeforwhitefang.2.2IntheIndigenousTribesThesecondactivechange:Whitefangmetthemasterofhismother.Hismotherandheweretakentoanindigenoustribe,andwhitefangbegantodealwithhumanbeingshere.Inthehumansociety,thedogisonlyoneoftheirtoys,onlyasmallboyregardedwhitefangasafriendatthetribe.Theyplayedtogether,andinthisprocess,theinitiallyestablishedthetrustofmankind.Infact,thistrusthasbeentheexistenceofthewhitefangofthebody,becauseinhisbloodthereishalfofthedog’sblood,therefore,theloyaltyandprotectionofpeopleisadeepbonemarrowinstinct.However,inthehumanworld,thedogisjustaplaything,acommodity.Laterhismotherwasexchangedforthedebtofhismaster,fromthenon;theworldofwhitefanghasgraduallybeguntobleak.2.3IntheArenaThethirdactivechange:Thisperiodoftimewasthemostpainfulmemoriesofwhitefanginhislife.Theownerwenttothemarketprocesswithwhitefanginanaccident,amaliciousbusinessmansawthestrongandferociousofwhitefang,andlaterheboughtwhitefangwithtricksandgoldfromtheowner.Butthemainpurposeofthisbusinessmanwastomakewhitefangparticipateincompetitivegamestoearnmoneyforhim.Inavarietyofharshenvironmentstorture,thebrutalityandwildnessofwhitefangwerearousedonceagain.Inlatergames,whitefangsuccessfullyconqueredallchallengersandwonthename“WarWolf”.Thishonorhasbeenwithwhitefanguntilthelastgame,inthatgame,hewasdefeatedbyaBulldogandsufferedaseriousinjury,afterthatpainfulexperience,whitefangbegantohatethecruelhumanandfeltthepainoflife.2.4IntheHomeofScottThefourthpersonalitychange:Thisperiodcanbethehappiestmemoryinlife.Forwhitefang,Scottishissavior.Pastbadexperiencemadehimknowthecunningandbrutalofhuman,itgavewhitefangahighdegreeofvigilanceandsuspicionformankindatalltimes.Butlater,inthespecialcareandsincereloveofScott,whitefangbegantoaccepttheloveofmankindgradually.Alongtimelater,whitefangbuiltthefaithandbeliefforhumanstepbystepanddedicatedtoprotecthislittlemaster,andalsograduallytoregardedhimselfasatruepartofthefamily.Intheprocess,whitefangovercamethewildandbecamealoyaldarlingoftheowner,finallyhekilledtheenemyoftheowneratanaccident,hesavedthefamilyandbecameaveritable“Fuwolf”.Atthattime,whitefangbecameatruelovelyandloyaldogindeed.Andduringthelaterlifefullofcomfortandease,whitefangalsogothisprettygift;hefellinlovewithalovelydogandlaterhadtheircutecubs.3.TheAnalyzeoftheTransformationThispartshowstheconclusionandanalysesofthedifferenttransformation.Lateritshowswhatweshoulddoandhowtogetourtargetinthesocietyfullofalienationanddifficulties.3.1TheConclusionabouttheTransformationof“Wolves”and“Dogs”Thelifeofwhitefangwasfullofstories:Fromthemomentofbirth,hebegantheendlessstrugglewiththeoutsideworld.Inthewild,thereisfiercecompetitionforsurvival.Inhumansociety,inthefaceoftheunfamiliarenvironment,ineverykindofencounter,whitefangwaschangingandpositioningoneandoncemore:Firstwasfromtrusttodoubt,andthenwasfromdoubttohatred,finallywasfromhatredtotrustagain.Whitefangchangedfromthewildandintractablewolftoaloyaldog.Whitefanghadbeenwanderingindifferentideasinhischanging:Ontheonehand,theinnatenatureofthewolfmadewhitefangalwayswaryandsuspiciousoftheoutsideworld.Ontheotherhand,whitefangwastendingtoacceptandyearnfortheeasylife.Thelifeofwhitefangwasnotonlythechangesfromwolftodogundertheinfluenceofalldifferentenvironments,butalsothetransformationfromhiswildtohuman,andthemoreimportantthingwasthathewasalwaysinthegrowthofthesearchfortheirownsurvival.3.2TheAnalysisofCauseandResultLivinginthelate19thcenturytoearly20thcentury,JackLondonwasdeeplyaffectedbyDarwin’stheoryofevolution;herespectedthenaturallawnamed“Naturalselection,survivalofthefittest”.Inhisworks,herespectedtheimpactoftheenvironmentandactiveadaptationandtheroleofchangeinparticular.AccordingtoJackLondon’sphilosophicallogic,therearetwoprinciplesbetweendogsandwolves:Onetheonehand,humanbeingsarethedecisivepartsinthecontrolof“wolves”and“dogs”.Theanimalswhocanobeytherulesmadebyhumanswillbethe“dogs”,andtheoppositewillbethe“wolves”.Onetheotherhand,environmentisthedistinctionbetween“wolves”and“dogs”,andthe“dogs”and“wolves”couldmakemutualtransformationwiththechangesofenvironment.Wild“wolves”couldbecomedocile“dogs”withwarmsandloves;Ofcourse,ifenvironmentbecomeworseandcrueler,eventhemostdocile“dogs”wouldtransformintothe“wolves”,andfinallybecomethe“dog”inthemostferociousstrong,mosttenaciousvitalityandthemostwisdomofthe“wolf”.Inotherwords,thefittestwillbethe“wolves”insurvivalcompetition,theoppositewillbethe“dogs”.InthephilosophicallogicofJackLondon,environmentisthemostimportantandtheIrreplaceabledecisivefactor.“JackLondonlikestoputtheheroinanextremelydifficultenvironmentorin

a

life-or-death

situation.Awarenessofsurvivalcanbehighlightedonlyundertheharshenvironmentorthethreatofdeath”(Zhang310).InhisnovelnamedWhiteFang,theprotagonisthasalotoflifehistory,whitefangexperiencedcountlessdifficultiesandtribulations,overcameallkindsofdifferent,hardandpeacefulenvironment.Inthenovel,environmentisthemostinfluentialandthemostimportantfactorinthelifeofwhitefang.Theharshenvironmentcreatedwhitefang,thetoughcharacterandindomitablespiritalwayssupporthim,andencouragehimtochangethepositioninginthechangingenvironment.Thewhitefanghasbeenlookingforthelocationpointofsurvivalfromthechangesofenvironmentandthetransformationfromwildtohumanity;finallyhesuccessfullychangedintoadogfullofloveandgentlefromarebelliousandferociouswolf.Andthenhewontheloveandhisglorynamed“Fuwolf”.InJackLondon’sworks,wecanoftenseetheimageofthestrong.Wecanfeelthepowerofthestrong,suchastheirstrongabilitytoadapttotheenvironment,andtheprimitiveorawakenedpowerorbornwithextraordinarystrength,andthenakedlawofthejungle(Shen342).Whitefangwasborninwildandtheinherentnatureofwolvesmadehimgetfamiliarwiththenaturallifeafterthebirthofwhitefang.Heunderstoodthatself-relianceisthenaturallawofnature:Innature,thewinnerisking,orrule,orberuled,tobestrongandbraveistheonlywaytosaveyourselfandyourdestiny.Underthisfaithandcreed,thenativewildofwhitefangwasactivatedfirsttime.Whitefangbegantolearnhowtohuntandsurviveinthewildandlearnttobeawildandcruelwolfindeedstepbystepwiththeinfluenceofenvironmentandthetraitasarealwolf.“InWhiteFang,theauthorhasalwaysemphasizedtheimportanceofanordertosociety,thelongprogressofacceptingthecivilizationjustistheprocessoflearningandacceptingmuchkindofordersandrules”(Xu20).Whitefangoncebelievedinhuman,andhealsosuspectedandhatedhuman,butthesearenotallofhislife.Adogwithawolfgeneinthehumanworld,slowlylearntandchangedandlearnthowtosurvive,acertainpointofview,itisakindofsublimationandleapoftheessenceoflife.“Naturalismoftenshowsthebloodyandhorribleandthelawofthejunglesurvivalcompetitionscene”(Sun38).

Withtheexperienceinwildandthelawofthejungleintheworld,Whitefanggraduallygotalotoflifeabsoluterules:Thestrongwillsurviveandtheweakwillbeeliminated.Thedepthofcommunicationwithothersintheclassinterestsofthehumansocietylethimunderstandsomeoftheexistenceofhumansociety:Youhavetolearnandchangethethingsunabletoadapt.Ifwhitefangneverenteredthehumansociety,thewildwouldmakehimbearealwildwolf,

becausehewasbornwithmorecharacteristicsofthewolves.However,godshowshimadifferentenvironment,hewasshapedintoawolfdog,butafterall,andthedogisnotawolfafterall(Sun38).4.LinkedtoHumanSocietyThispartfirstlyshowstheinvariablelawofnature,andthentellsushowtogetasuitablepositionwiththecomplexsociety.Facingthecomplexenvironments,wehavetounderstandandintegrateintomodernsociety.4.1TheLawnamed“NaturalSelectionandSurvivaloftheFittest”Theexperienceofwhitefangshowsthelawofnature:NaturalSelectionandSurvivaloftheFittest.Insimpleterms,thatis“SurvivaloftheFittest”.ItalsoisthemostimportantpartofDarwin'stheoryofbiologicalevolution.Darwinthinksthat,ifthischangecanreallyhappen,itisthebestopportunitytosurviveandmakereproductionforindividualswhoaremoresuperiortoothers.Isthereanydoubtaboutthat?Ontheotherhand,wecouldbesurethatanyharmfulvariation,evenifitistoosmall,willbeseriouslydestroyed.Icallthesefavorableindividualdifferencesandvariations,andthedestructionofthedeleteriousmutation“NaturalSelection”,or“SurvivaloftheFittest”(Darwin12).4.2TheApplicationoftheLawinHumansSocietyThefunctionof“NaturalSelection”istopreserveandaccumulateallkindsofvariation;thisvariationisadvantageousundertheorganicandinorganicconditionsinallitslifeforeachcreature.Thefinalresultisthattherelationshipbetweenvariousorganismstotheirexternalconditionsisimproving.Andthisimprovementwillinevitablyleadtothegradualimprovementofthesystemofmostlivingthingsintheworld(Darwin20).InthepointofviewofDarwin,hebelievesthatthelawofbiologyisalsoapplicabletohumanbeings;humansocietyalsoexiststosurvivecompetition.Inourdailylife,inthestudyandintheworkandsoon,therearefullofmanyseveralcompetitionsinourlife.Weallmustworkhardandtrytorichuswithknowledgeandlearntochangeandadapttothenewenvironment,theallwedojustfornotbeingaboundedbythedevelopedsociety.Tosomeextent,theprocessofsocialdevelopmentjustistheprocessofinteractionbetweenindividualsandsociety.

Individualsmustlearntoadapttothedevelopmentofsociety,wecan’tbecontrarytothedirectionofsocialdevelopment,

withthechangeoftheenvironment,wehavetochangeandadapttothenewsocialenvironment.Itisnotunreasonabletosaythathumanbeingsareintelligentcreatures.Comparedwithotherlivingthings,thesuperiorityofhumanliesintheuniquethinkingofhumanbeing:theyhaveactivelearningandthinking.Engelsbelievesthatthemostbeautifulfloweronearthisthespiritofthinking.Ontheonehand,peoplecantaketheinitiativetounderstandthenewenvironmentandlearntocreatetoolsinthelimitedcondition,finallyadapttothenewenvironmentwithlimitedtools.Ontheotherhand,peoplecansumupthechangesofthespecificlivingenvironmentwiththinking,andthenmakecorrespondingchangestoachievethepurposeofadaptingtotheenvironment.Itispreciselybecausepeoplehavethespiritofthinking,thereistheabilitytotransformtheworldandmakecontinuousprogress.Fromthemostprimitivetribaleratotoday’shigh-techledmoderncivilizedsociety,fromthemostsimpletoadapttothedevelopmentoftheenvironmentoftoday’shigh-techtransformation,alltheseindicatethathumanthinkingisandwillalwaysbeadecisivefactorinthedominantpositionofmaninnature.Inthiseraofrapiddevelopmentofinformationandtechnology,thecontinuousdevelopmentofthesocialenvironmentencouragespeopletouseactivethinkingcreatingmorepossibilitiesconstantly.Ontheonehand,thealienationofmodernizationhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofsociallifenowadays,wecan’tescapefromsociallife,andalienationhasbeeninevitable.Onetheotherhand,justasafallingcoinisnotalwayspositive,wecan’talwaysmaketherightchanges.

Therefore,theabilitytoquicklyandaccuratelymakethechangestoadapttosocialdevelopmentismoreandmoreimportantinthechangingsocialenvironment.4.3CorrectandRightTransformationWhatisalienation?FromMarx’spointofview,alienationappearsasasocialphenomenonwiththeclass,itisasocialphenomenonthatpeople’smaterialproductionandspiritualproductionanditsproductsgetintothealienforce,whichinturnruledpeoplelater.Inalienation,humanlosstheirinitiative,andwerekeptinbondagebyalienpowerbothinmaterialandspiritual,andlaterpeople’spersonalitycan’tbedevelopedinanall-roundway,andcanonlybedevelopedunilaterallyorevenabnormally.Inmodernsociety,alienationexistsinvariousindustriesandvariouscorners.Wecallthisphenomenon“modernalienation”.Thecoreofalienationinmodernsocietyis“self-alienation”.Thekeyto“self-alienation”ishumannatureanddesire:thetranscendenceofhumanbeingsandthedesireofhumanbeings.Ifwecouldn’tdealwiththerelationof“self-alienation”well,therewouldbethewrong“self-alienation”.Thewrong“self-alienation”isembodiedinthefollowingaspects:peoplebecometheslavesofdesire,

theindividualisseparatedfromtherealself,thenatureandtheconsciousness,andtheindividuallosesindependenceandintegrity.Theoriginalpursuitofinterestspromotessocialdevelopment,andtheinterestsarecreatedmorewiththedevelopmentofsociety.Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,ourlivingstandardhasbeenimprovedsteadilyinthiscycle.Itwasagreatcycle,butwiththedevelopmentofeconomyandculture,thereisaphenomenonnow.Weareconcernedwiththedevelopmentofthematerialworldmorethanthevalueofhumanbeings,

toacertainextent,thevalueofthematerialgreatlyexceedsthevalueofman.Andthenawrongvalueappears,wecallit“Moneyfirst,materialworship”.Thisvaluemisleadsusthatwecouldgeteverythingwithmoney.Therelationshipalsochangesinthisera,peopleareonlyfortheirowninterestsandtheneedtouseeachothertogether,

andthecommunicationbetweenpeoplehasbecomeamutuallybeneficialrelationship.Andintheinterestsofthesupremacyofvalueguidance,wegraduallydrivenbyinterests,orevenwerekeptinbondage.Nowadays,competitioniseverywhere,tohaveaplacetolivein,wemustbeabletoadapttothealienationofsocialdevelopment,andonlythecorrectactivealienationcouldleadustogoforwardsmoothly.Asthesayinggoes:Thesuperiorityofmanliesinself-knowledge.Theaccurateself-orientationisthefirststeptosuccess.Wemustknowthedisadvantagesofusandlearntoperfectthem.Lifeisnotcompletewithout“self-examination”;accurate“self-image”isaprerequisiteforself-worth.“Self-image”,inotherwords,thatistoknowourselvesandtoestablishourownpositioninthecommunityandthedirectionofaction.Thepursuitoftheirownvalueoflifemustbebasedontheirownconditionstochoosethestartingpointandspecificgoalsandways,ortheresultswillruncountertoourinitialexpectations.Personally,thevalueoflifewouldberealizedornotdependsonwhethertherewouldbetheaccurate“self-image”.The“self-image”includesmanyparts,suchasthestart,content,methodandsoon.Thecloserthe“self-image”getstothereality,thebettertheeffectivenessofthepracticewouldbe,andtherewouldbemoreconductivetothedevelopmentandvirtuouscycleofthevalueoflifetoo.Weneedtogiveusanaccuratementalposition,weneedtobeinplace,notbeoffsideorallotropic.Identifywhatyouwanttodo,howtodoandwhatyoucando,andthenputyourselfintherightplace.Withcorrect“self-image”,wecouldtakelesswrongpathandavoidmanyunnecessarysetbacks,andthenwecouldmakeprogressinlifewithpositiveattitude.Makingchoiceisnecessaryafterpositioningbyruleandline.Attitudedetermineslife,andwehavetomakechoicesinlife.Peoplewhohaveanegativeattitudecan’taffordtoliveandtakeresponsibility,becausetheycan’tfacesetbacksinlife,thewisemanknowshowtoadjusthismind,theycanseearayofsuccessevenwhenthereisnohope,thisisself-confidence,onceyouhaveconfidence,youcanbebravetofaceandchallengeifyoumeetsetbacks.Bybuildingaspecificattitude,youcantakethefirststepforyourfuturesuccess.Asuccessfulpersonmusthavethecouragetomakedecisionsandtolearnhowtomakerightdecisions.Firstofall,itisnecessarytotakeadvantagesandnotbecontrarytothelawofthings.Thelawisthenaturalattributesofthings,thetrendofdevelopmentandotherobjectiveconditions,thatis,wemustadapttoandusethelawofdevelopmentofthingsinmakingdecision.Next,weneedtobemorecarefulandtrytoquitbeingrash.Trytogetathoroughunderstandingofwhatisbeingdecided,considertheprosandcons,andthenmakeanaccuratedecision.Thesignofdeliberationistoseewhethertograsptherootoftheproblemornot,whethertograspthenatureandlawofthingsornot.Andthen,therealsoneedssomesuggestionsfromothers.Fortheform,decisionisthedeterminationoftheindividual.Butjudgingfromthecontentandprocessofview,inadditiontotheuseofourownknowledgeandexperience,weshouldlistentotheviewsofallaspectstoo.Toabsorbtheadvantagesofotherstomakeupforourlackofknowledgeandexperience,sothatourdeterminationwouldbemorecorrect.Finally,whenwemakedecisions,averyimportantpointistohaveourownprinciple,suggestionsfromothersarejustthereference.Wehavetomakeindependentdecisionswithvirtueofourknowledgeandexperienceandthecarefulthinkingattheend.Togetrightchoice,weneedtwothings.Thefirstoneistohavewisdom,andthesecondistohavethecourage.Formostpeople,theirfailureisnotduetolackofwisdom,butthelackofcouragetodo.Excepttheaccurate“self-image”andthebravedecision,thelastpartweneedispersistence.Ifyouwanttodosomethingyouwantindeed,ortobecomeapersonyouwanttobe,youshouldhaveenoughconfidenceandperseverance.Thereisnosecretofsuccessbutunremittingly.Anygreatcausewillbesuccessfulbecauseoftheinsistingandbefailingjustbecauseofthegivinguphalfway.Peoplewilleventuallybeeliminatedbyhistoryiftheydonothavetheirown.Wecan’tbeQuYuan,jumpedintotherivertodieinordertoprovetheinnocence,wecan’tbeQuYuanorYueFei,butwecanbetruetoourselves.Whenthedifficultyisintheprocessofyoursuccess,When