語態(tài)實(shí)用講解

語態(tài)英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：Hewroteanovel.（主語he是動(dòng)作wrote的執(zhí)行者，是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。）Theclassroomwascleanedbyhimyesterday.（主語theclassroom是動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。）知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)量保持一致，并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+過去分詞1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am謂語：is\+pp.are例句：Onelessonislearnedeachweek.ForeignlanguagesarestudiedeverywhereinChina.2、 一般過去時(shí)謂語：was1“pp.wereJ例句：Thishospitalwassetupjusttwoyearsago.3、 一般將來時(shí)shall/will1am1謂語：is>goingto>be+PP.areJ例句：Thisquestionwillbeansweredbytheheadmastertomorrow.4、過去將來時(shí)would1、、was謂語： >goingto卜be+PP.wereJ例句：Thephysicsteachersaidthattwoexperimentswouldbedonethenextweek.5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語：hashave+pp.謂語：hashave+pp.例句：Ashasbeenpointedout,thehousingprobleminourdistricthasbasicallybeensolved.6、過去完成時(shí)謂語：hadbeen+pp.例句：WhenIgottotheticketoffice,alltheticketshadbeensoldout.7、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am謂語：is卜being+pp.are例句：Thepatientsinward12arebeingtakencareofbyMissHoover.8、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語： ]being+pp.wereJ例句：Shesaidherhousewasbeingpainted.注：及物的短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這類短語動(dòng)詞有：turnon,turnoff,findout,laughat,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof/aboutover,bringabout,（引起；導(dǎo)至）putaway,makeout（認(rèn)出），makeup（編；補(bǔ)嘗）,lookdownupon,payattentionto,faceupto（面對(duì)）二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.單選：Moreandmorecars___inChinanow.A.areproducedB.produceC.areproducingD.haveproducedBooksinthereadingroom___.A.musttakeawayB.mustbetakenaway C.mustn'tbetakenaway參考答案：AB（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.單選：People___totalkloudlyinthelibrary.A.areallowedB.arenotallowedC.allowedB.don'tallowedIt'saruleinourschoolthattheclassroom___everyday.A.shouldcleanB.shouldcleanedC.shouldbecleanedD.shouldbecleaningwon'tleavemyofficeuntilmywork___A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishedD.isfinished參考答案：BCD（3）含有雙賓語的句子，（2）主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換方法有兩種：把間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，保留直接賓語把直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，保留間接賓語。此時(shí)，一般需在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。to或for。例如：Thepianistgavethepupilssomeadvice.間接賓語直接賓語—Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.—Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句Thebossgavehimajobinthepostoffice.Maryshowsmeapicture.參考答案：1.Hewasgivenajobinthepostofficebytheboss.Ajobinthepostofficewasgiventohim.amshowedapicturebyMary.ApictureisshowntomebyMary.(4)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to。但變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.—Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.—Hewasseentoenterthehouse.單選：He___dotheexerciseagainbytheteacher.A.wasmadeB.made C.wasmakingD.wasmadetoPeterwasseen___thistimeyesterday.A.towriteB.writesC.writingD.wroteThelittleboywas___lastnight.A.hearsingB.heardtosingC.hearedtosingD.heardsing參考答案：dab三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)了五種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞例如：Thiskindofcarismadeinshanghai.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.單選：Peoplewhodrinkwine___todrive.A.don'tallow B.isn'tallowed C.mustn'tallowedD.mustn'tbeallowed—Excuseme,what'sthisfor?--It'sacleanerandit___topickupdirt.A.usesB.isusedC.isusing D.usedNowChinese'sbecomethepopularlanguagethat___widely___intheworld.A.is;learnedB.islearningC.will;learnD.was;learned參考答案：DBA(2)一般過去時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞was/were+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞例如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.Wasthisnovelwrittenbyhisfather?單選：Thenewlibrarybuilding___lastweek.A.wascompletedB.iscompletedC.completedD.hascompletedManyaccidents___bycarelessdriverslasryear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause—WhathappenedtoBilly?--He___becauseofhisdrink-driving.A.iscaughtB.wascaughtC.hascaughtD.hadcaught參考答案：ABB(3)一般將來時(shí)構(gòu)成：will/begoingtodo+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞例如：Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.Thebabywillbetakengoodcareofinthehospital.單選：Atalk___ondevelopmentinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives2.Somefamouspaintings___inthehallnextweek..A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshownMorethantwoschools___inthecitynextyear.A.arebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebuiltD.willbebuilt參考答案：BDD(4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞例如：Hashisworkbeenfinished?Wehaven'tbeeninvitedtotheparty.單選：Alibrary___inourhometownsince2000.A.hasbeenbuiltB.werebuiltC.beingbuiltD.willbuilt—Whereisyourdictionary?--It___bysomeone.A.weretakenawayB.tookawayC.hasbeentakenawayD.takesawaytelltheoldmanthathismoney___bythepolice.A.hadbeenfoundB.wasfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.havefound參考答案：ACC(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：be+being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbythestudents.Thepopstar___questionsbythereporternow.A.isaskingB.asksC.wasaskedD.isbeingaskedWhilethesupper___,thelightssuddenlygoesout.A.preparingB.preparedC.isbeingpreparedD.beprepared參考答案：DC(6)帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞例如：Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere?Yourcompositionmustbehandedintomorrow.單選：Becauseofthesupportfromalloverthecountry,beautifulnewbuildings___hereandthereintheearthquake-hitareasinSichuan.A.canseeB.canbeseenC.willbeseen—Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?--Alotofnewroads___,Ithink.A.mustbebuiltB.havetobuildC.mustbuildD.havebuiltCoal___inmanyways.A.canuseB.beusedC.canbeusedD.using參考答案：BAC二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)—-、（1）由主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟：①主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語；②主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；③主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)句中by的賓語。把下列主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài):1．WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.2．Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.3．Whendidtheybuildthehouse?4．Isawtheboyentertheroom.5．Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?6．Havetheypostedtheletteryet?7．Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.8．Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobe.d9．Whoisrepairingthebike?10.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.參考答案：ArecorderisoftenusedinourEnglishclass.Anewfilmwillbeshownbythennextweek.Whenwasthehousebuiltbythem?Theboywasseentoentertheroom.Willanewfilmbeshownbythemnextweek?Hastheletterbeenpostedyet?Heisoftenseentohelphisclassmate.Thelightmustbeturnedoffbeforeyougotobed.Whoisthebikebeingrepairedby?（Bywhomisthebikebeingrepaired?）Allthetextsshouldbelearnedbyheartbythestudents.（2）主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語為物，可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.1ook,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義Mooncakestastedelicious.在beworthdoing中，doing表示被動(dòng)意義Thisbookisworthreading.Qwant/need/require+doing相當(dāng)于want/need/require+tobedone.tobedone.表示不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Mybikeneedsrepairing=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.單選：Thelibraryneeds___,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleanedThesong___wonderful.A.issoundedB.soundsC.soundingD.istosoundThefilm___.A.isworthyseeingB.worthseeC.isworthtoseeD.isworthseeing參考答案：ABD（3）不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況主動(dòng)句的賓語是eachother或反身代詞時(shí)，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.White.那個(gè)人自我介紹說他是懷特先生當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Wewillhaveameeting.主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或doing時(shí)，不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語。MybrotherenjoyswatchingTV.（4）被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示以主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。Theshopisclosedat9:00pm.（動(dòng)作）Theshopisclosedtoday（狀態(tài)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中則沒有MissWangissatisfiedwithus.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾She'ssoworriedaboutherexams.Q4系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，二被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)則可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。作業(yè)：一、選擇填空:Thereadingroom yesterdayafternoon.A.cleaned B.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleanedTheworkersweremade tenhoursaday.A.work B.towork C.working D.workedFood inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustn'tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn'tbekept

4.HisfatherA.senttoworkinHongKong3yearsago.C.hassentD.hasbeensentB.wassent5.ThepenA.writeswell.B.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing4.HisfatherA.senttoworkinHongKong3yearsago.C.hassentD.hasbeensentB.wassent5.ThepenA.writeswell.B.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writingGreatchanges___A.havetakenplaceinthetownsince1988.B.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplace D.hasbeentakenplace7.Ourcompositionsmust nextMonday.A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandinginThechildwill backtohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besendinghiswork yet?A.have…beenfinished B.has…beenfinishedC.has…C.has…finishedD.have...finishedTheclassroom nowA.iscleaning B.isbeingcleaningC.isbeingcleaned D.iscleaned.將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并根據(jù)情況保留或去掉動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Theywillsaynothingmoreaboutthismatter.Theyhavemadesomeflowersofsilk.Hewroteapoem.Thestudentsareplantingsometreesandflowers.Theyaretoopenupanewbusinessnextweek.Childrencouldn'thavedoneallthisdamage.Allofuswillseehimoffattheairport.Theyfeedthetigersatthezoothreetimesaday.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforefive.Peoplesaythatsheisagoodteacher.三．用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空English (speak)inmanycountries.Informationinshort-termmemory (can,not,keep)verylong.Afterthat,oneofthelights (turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes (believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook (print)now.Theoldhouse