新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題2第3 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系化解閱讀七選五 (含解析)

第3講根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，化解閱讀七選五每篇文章都是一個有機統(tǒng)一的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義上來看，句子之間常常有并列、遞進、順承、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果、過渡、例證等關(guān)系，有時甚至包含不止一種關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀七選五的閱讀材料時一定要把握文章脈絡(luò)，弄清其中的邏輯關(guān)系。如果文章或選項中出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞，考生就可以利用其來進行推理判斷；如果文中或選項中未出現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞，這就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根據(jù)上下文語境弄清文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，并做出正確的判斷。A．(2020·浙江7月·片段)MymotheralsoencouragedmetomakewhatIwanted.Itriedmakingtoycarswithcardboardboxesandconstructingbuildingsfromleftovercardboardandbitsofwoodmyfathergaveme.Whenmymothersawmycreations，shetoldmehowcreativemydesignswere.34Ilearnedalotabouthowtoextendthelifeofobjectsandtransformthemintosomethingnewanduseful.Itwasatrait(特點)othersfoundhelpful，andIsoonhadfriendswhowantedtomakethingswithme.A．Iwasn’taloneanylonger.B．Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.C．Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.D．Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.E．AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.F．Thus，Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.G．Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.34．答案F解析空格前提到媽媽看到作者創(chuàng)作的東西說作者的設(shè)計很有創(chuàng)意，空格后提到作者延長了物體的生命，把它們變成一些新的、有用的東西。由此可知，空格處與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，F(xiàn)項“因此，我開始了我畢生對制作東西的興趣”符合語境。B．(2019·全國Ⅱ·片段)Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample，youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.40Youshouldreassessyourgoals，andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.A．Thiscanaffectyourwork.B．Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C．However，thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D．Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E．Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F．Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G．Withoutmotivation，youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.40．答案C解析空前一句說你可能想當(dāng)飛行員，但因為視力不夠好，你的目標(biāo)不能實現(xiàn)。再結(jié)合空后一句中的“reassessyourgoals...setafreshgoal”可知中間要填的這句話與前面是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故C項“然而，這不應(yīng)該讓你氣餒”符合語境。AWhenKenwasinhighschool，hedidwellandhadastrongsenseofaccomplishment.However，whenhewasincollege，hisgradeswerenotsooutstandingamongacademicallygiftedstudentsmuchlikehimself，ifnotbetter.Oftenhefeelsdepressedandiswithdrawingfrompeopleandactivities.1Theliteraturegenerallyhasfoundthatmanyofustendtoletourself-worthbecontingentuponexternalevents(suchasacademicsandphysicalattractiveness)．2Asaresult，ourfeelingsaboutourselvescanendupbeinginthehandsofothers.Obviously，weallwanttoexperiencethingsthatmakeusfeelgood.Butwhenwehavecontingentself-worth，wemightengageinactivitiesthatmakeusfeelworthywhileavoidingactivitiesthatmakeusfeelunworthy.3Insteadofworkinghardtomeetourgoals，we’lltrytoavoidfailure.Andifwedofailoneday，wemightabandonourgoals，losemotivation，ormakeexcusestohelpourselvesfeelbetter.4Ifourself-worthiscontingentuponbeingsuccessfulatwork，wemightonlychoosejobsthatareeasy.Thatwayweneverfailandensurethatwealwaysknowthatweareworthy.Or，maybeweonlythinkwe’reworthyifweweighlessthan130pounds.Wemightundereatorengageinunhealthyeatingpracticesjusttomakesurethatwefeelgood.Self-worthisanimportantpsychologicalconstructthatnotonlyaffectshowwethinkaboutourselvesbutalsohasanimpactonourpsychologicalhealthandfunctioning.So，giveuptheideaofseekingapprovalfromothers.5Doingsoremindsustobefullyawareofwhoweare.A．Thatmayposepotentialdangers.B．Unfortunately，heisnoexception.C．Whenourself-worthdependsonthose，it’sunstable.D．Let’scitesomeexamplestofurtherdemonstratethat.E．Let’sdiveintothecausetolearnmoreaboutself-worth.F．Actually，he’salwaysbeenlabeledas“otherpeople’schild”．G．Instead，learntobaseyourself-worthoninternalcontingencieslikevirtuesandfaiths.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何正確地建立自我價值感。)1．答案B解析根據(jù)本空前三句和本空后一句可知，上文提到了Ken因為不突出感到沮喪，后文則說許多人傾向于讓我們的自我價值取決于外部事件，可見Ken的情況并不是例外，是普遍存在的。故B項符合語境。2．答案C解析根據(jù)本空前一句和后一句可知，本句承接上文說明讓我們的自我價值取決于外部事件的后果或影響，C項中those指代上文中externalevents。故C項符合語境。3．答案A解析本空前兩句和本空后兩句提到我們會參加讓我們感到有價值的活動，而避免讓我們感到不值得的活動，故本句承接上文說明這一傾向的結(jié)果：會帶來潛在的危險，本句和上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故A項符合語境。4．答案D解析根據(jù)本空后四句可知，后文主要通過一些例子來論證上文提到的“人們會參加讓自己感到有價值的活動，而避免讓自己感到不值得的活動”，本空和后文構(gòu)成例證關(guān)系，故D項符合語境。5．答案G解析根據(jù)本空前兩句可知，上文的建議是重視自我價值感，放棄尋求他人認可的想法，即本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出“反之，把你的自我價值建立在內(nèi)在事件上”，G項中的internalcontingencies呼應(yīng)第二段中的externalevents，故G項符合語境。BWhat’sReallyGreen?Mostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment，andthemajorityofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.Butrecently，some“greentruths”havebeenshowntobeonlyhalftrue，orevencompletelyfalse.1Papershoppingbagsarebetterthanplasticones.Plasticbagscauselitterandareadangertowildanimals，whichmistakethemforfood.Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown，butmuchlesstimeforpaper.Becauseofthis，peoplethinkpaperbagsarethebetterenvironmentalchoice.However，makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.2Infact，bothkindsofbagsarebadfortheenvironment.So，takeareusablebagwithyouwhenyougoshopping.3Itseemslikecommonsense：eatinglocalfoodshouldbebetterfortheenvironment，becauseitdoesnotneedtobetransportedlongdistancesandkeptcoldduringtransport.4Itistheproductionoffood，notitstransport，thatusesmostoftheenergyandproducesmostofthegreenhousegases.Insomecases，localproducemighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproducegrownalongwayaway—eventakingintoaccountitstransport.It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.5Ifyouspendmorethaneightminutesinashower，you’lluseasmuchwaterasinabath—about50litresofwater.Therefore，thekeyistokeepyourshowertimeasshortaspossible.Environmentalawarenessisnowpartofdailylife.Butit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstoseewhat’sreallygreen.A．Sosaynotoplasticbags.B．Herearesomecommonones.C．Unfortunately，itisnotthatsimple.D．Eatinglocalfoodisgoodfortheenvironment.E．Theprocessalsoproducesmoregreenhousegases.F．It’stimethatwetookmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.G．Itdependsonhowlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.語篇解讀這是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞什么是真正的綠色環(huán)保這個話題展開，講述了一些常見的環(huán)保誤區(qū)，揭示了這些常識下真正的環(huán)保意義所在。1．答案B解析分析語境可知，設(shè)空句起到引起下文的作用。后文黑色小標(biāo)題提到的是一些環(huán)保常識誤區(qū)，因此B項總結(jié)了下文內(nèi)容，且“somecommonones”與后文提及的例子相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。2．答案E解析本空前一句提及制作紙質(zhì)購物袋的過程消耗能源大，是紙質(zhì)購物袋的不環(huán)保之處，因此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)繼續(xù)講述其不環(huán)保之處。E項提到了另一個不環(huán)保之處：產(chǎn)生更多溫室氣體，“Theprocess”與前文提及的過程相呼應(yīng)，“also”與前文形成并列關(guān)系，符合語境。3．答案D解析設(shè)空句為該部分標(biāo)題，后文對其起到解釋說明的作用，因此根據(jù)本空后一句可推知，該部分的錯誤常識為“吃當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锸黔h(huán)保的”。D項符合語境。4．答案C解析分析語境可知，本空前一句提到了吃當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄飳Νh(huán)境更好是因為不需要長途運輸和冷藏，而本空后一句提到了破壞環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵在于食品的生產(chǎn)而不是運輸，因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)是一個轉(zhuǎn)折句，以起到承前啟后的作用。C項符合語境。5．答案G解析本空后一句講到淋浴時間超過八分鐘所用的水與泡澡一樣多，用舉例的方式講述了淋浴環(huán)保的關(guān)鍵在于時間問題。而設(shè)空句作為該段首句，應(yīng)是論點句。G項符合語境，主語“It”指代該部分標(biāo)題“It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath”，后文是對G項的進一步解釋說明。強化練(二十)閱讀七選五(3)A(2022·河南六市三模)Whatcausesdepression？AccordingtotheMayoClinic，someofthe“causes”maybeduetotroubledrelationships.Othersmaybedepressedasaresultofthreatsofbullyingorcyberbullying.1Evenworse，physicalandmentalabuseornaturalandhuman-causeddisasterscanimpactone’smentalstate.2Othersymptomsaredifficultyconcentrating，feelingoverwhelmingstress，missingschool，desiretobealone，etc.Ifyoumatchalotofthefeelingsabove，thenyoumaybedepressedandshouldseekhelp.3Regularsleep，exercise，andhealthyeatingaresomesimplewaystoliftthefogofdepression.Trytosaygoodthingstoyourselfandothers.4Youcanwritesomethingencouragingorpositiveonpost-itnotesandhangthemupinaprivateplace.Youcanalsosaythingslike，“Makesomeonesmile&dotheextramile！”or“Haveanattitudeofgratitude！”Takeabreakfromlifewithabikeride，awalkinthepark，ahikeinnature.Youcandowhatevermakesyouhappy：writeajournalaboutyourfeelings，listentoupliftingmusicorplayvideogames.Finally，trynottowaituntilthelastminuteonprojects.5Eventhoughyoumightnotwanttotalkaboutit，makeyourselftalktoatrustedfriend，counselororfamilymember，etc.You’llbesurprisedtoknowthattherearemanyotherpeopleouttherewhoaredepressed.A．You’dbetterconsultyourdoctor.B．Somepeoplemayignoretheirfeelings.C．Whatcanyoudotodealwithdepression?D．Becauseitwillcontributetomorestress.E．Trytostaypositive，andthinkofyourblessingsinlife.F．Long-termstressfromschoolorworkcanalsocausedepression.G．Someofthesymptomscouldbenoteating，sleeping，orexercisingenough.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了導(dǎo)致抑郁的原因以及緩解抑郁的方法。)1．答案F解析根據(jù)本空前三句和后一句可知，上文列舉了一些導(dǎo)致抑郁的原因，后文則描述了更嚴重的情況，可知本句仍在說明導(dǎo)致抑郁的原因，故F項符合語境。2．答案G解析根據(jù)本空后兩句可知，本句是在描述抑郁的一些癥狀，G項中Someofthesymptoms與后文Othersymptoms構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。故G項符合語境。3．答案C解析根據(jù)本空后兩句可知，后文提到了改善抑郁的方法，故C項符合語境。4．答案E解析根據(jù)本空前一句和后兩句可知，此處提到了寫下積極的話，即保持樂觀，故E項符合語境。5．答案D解析根據(jù)本空前三句可知，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說明不要拖延的原因：會造成更多的壓力。故D項符合語境。BWiththepandemicinfullswing，mostcollegesanduniversitieshavetransitionedalmostalloftheirclassesonline.Somestudentspreferonlineclasses.Theylovehavingtheflexibilitytoworkfromhomeandtoworkinthehourstheywanttowork.1Theyfindworkingfromhomedifficultandtheylearnbetterfromin-personinstruction.Anumberofstudentsfallinbetween.Whicheveryouprefer，youcanalwaysfindwaystodobetter.Readonforsometipsforactingonlineclasses.Readthesyllabus(教學(xué)大綱)．Whenyouneedtoknowsomething，donotblindlygothroughyouronlineeducationportalclickingtabsorgoaheadandemailyourprofessor.Waituntilyouhavelookedthroughthesyllabusforyouranswers.Thesyllabusissupposedtobeyourguidefortheentiresemester.2Itshouldtellyoubasicallyeverythingthatyouneedtoknowfortheclass.Anytimeyouhaveaquestionaboutyourschedule，checkthesyllabus.Notethedeadlines.Inanonlineclass，itisincrediblyeasytoletdeadlinescreepuponyouorevenpassyoubybeforeyouevenknowit.Somakesurethatyounotethedeadlines.Howeveryouneedtodothatorfinddoingthattobemosteffective，doit.Findwritingthingsdowninyourplannermosteffective？Doit.Makingremindersonyourphone？Doit.Fillingitoutinyouronlinecalendar？Doit.3Askquestions.Whilestrategynumberonetoldyouthatyoushouldnotimmediatelyemailyourprofessorwithaquestion，thatwasinregardstoaskingquestionsthatcouldbeansweredbythesyllabus.4Professorsdonotactivelywanttheirstudentstofail，soiftheycanreasonablyhelpyouout，theywill.5Butknowingthatandpreparingforitishalfthebattle.UsingthesetipsandstrategieswillhelpyounavigatetheworldofonlinelearningandkeepyourGPAandmorale(士氣)upevenwhentherestoftheeventsoftheworldmightbebringingyoudown.A．Onlineclassescanbetough.B．Itisfuntoattendonlineclasses.C．Theythinktheycansavemuchtimeandenergy.D．Otherstudentsreallystrugglewithonlineclasses.E．Ittellsyouwhatyouaredoing，when，why，andhow.F．Youdonotwanttofailaclassbecauseyouneverturnedanythingin.G．However，youshouldn’tbeafraidtomessageyourprofessorwiththoughtfulquestions.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。本文就如何上好網(wǎng)課給出幾點建議。)1．答案D解析根據(jù)前文“Somestudentspreferonlineclasses.”可知，本段陳述學(xué)生對于網(wǎng)課的不同態(tài)度，D項中的“Otherstudents”與前文“Somestudents”對應(yīng)，并與前文構(gòu)成對比關(guān)系。2．答案E解析本空上一句指出“syllabus(教學(xué)大綱)”的指導(dǎo)作用，E項中的It指代syllabus，承接上文，繼續(xù)說明它的作用。3．答案F解析根據(jù)前文“Howeveryouneedtodothatorfinddoingthattobemosteffective，doit.”可知，當(dāng)確定某種方法是有成效的時候，應(yīng)該當(dāng)即去做，F(xiàn)項中“neverturnedanythingin”與前文中的“doit”表述意思相反，但都旨在說明應(yīng)該記得在截止日期前完成課程的作業(yè)。4．答案G解析本空上一句指出如果能通過教學(xué)大綱解決的問題就不必向教授提出，G項與前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出可以提出有意義的問題，呼應(yīng)段落標(biāo)題“Askquestions(提問題)”。5．答案A解析根據(jù)本空后一句中的But可知，設(shè)空處與后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且最后一段作為總結(jié)段，應(yīng)該緊扣“網(wǎng)課”主題，A項在句意上符合與后文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，也呼應(yīng)了主題。CHowdoesitfeelwhenyousolveyourproblembyyourself?Thingsmaynotalwaysgoasplanned，butbeingresourcefulcanhelpyoustaycalmandworkyourwayoutoftrickysituations.Beingresourcefulmeansfindingsmartandcreativewaystosolveaproblem，usingwhateverresourcesyouhaveatthetime.1Theycanalsobeanythingelsethat’suseful，suchasinformation，adviceoryourownexperience.Italsomeanstrustingyourinstincts，theabilityyou’rebornwith，ratherthanthroughtrainingandbeingconfidentaboutyourabilitytofacechallenges.Aresourcefulpersonisnottheonegettingcrossorpanickingwhensomethinggoeswrong.They’rethinkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem.2Whenwelearntosolveproblemforourselvesratherthanimmediatelygoingtoothersforhelp，itcanhelptobuildourconfidence，helpusfeelmoreindependent，andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.Beingresourcefulmaynothelpyouavoidproblems，butthinkingcreativelyabouthowyoucandealwiththemwillmakeyoufeellessstressedandmorepreparednexttime.3Thiscanboostself-esteem，thatis，howyoufeelaboutyourself.Whenyou’refacingachallenge，trytofocusontheactualproblemratherthanhowyoufeelaboutit.Thinkaboutwhereandwhenithappenedandwhatthecausesare.Next，thinkupasmanysolutionstotheproblemasyoucan.4Finally，reviewwhathasandhasn’tworked，soyou’reequippedtodealwithasituationnexttime.Andremember，ifyouhaveatrickyproblemthatyou’reunabletosolve，thenaskatrustedadultforhelp.5A．Youalsolearnwhatyou’regoodat.B．Hereishowyoucanbemoreresourceful.C．Thesemaybepracticalthingslikepensandpaper.D．Nooneisexpectedtosolveallproblemsbythemselves.E．Resourcefulnessisaskillthat’sgoodforyouinlotsofways.F．Theycanbefamousmottosthatalwaysinspireustomoveon.G．Weighupwhat’sgoodandbadabouteachoneandchoosethebest.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了遇到棘手的問題時的應(yīng)對方法，要足智多謀，隨機應(yīng)變。1．答案C解析上一句提到可以使用擁有的任何資源，下一句提到“也可以是其他有用的東西”，可知設(shè)空處需要首先列舉出一些資源。C項與下文的“also”相互呼應(yīng)。故選C。2．答案E解析設(shè)空處在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。由空后內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說的是“beingresourceful”帶來的好處，E選項意思就是resourcefulness能帶來很多好處，符合語境。故選E。3．答案A解析該段說的是“beingresourceful”會對你有好處，所以空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)說明其好處，A項符合語境，空后的This指的是A項中的“l(fā)earnwhatyou’regoodat”。故選A。4．答案G解析該段在討論遇到困難時，要專注于問題本身，并列出了具體的步驟。上一句講的是“盡可能多地想出一些解決措施”，G項(挨個衡量它們的好壞，選出最佳的一個)符合此處語境，承上啟下。故選G。5．答案D解析上一句表示自己實在解決不了，你還可以求助其他人，D項承接上文，進一步解釋了這一點。故填D。D(2022·陜西西安模擬)Throwingapartyisagreatwaytogetallyourfavoritepeopleinoneplaceformusic，conversation，ofcourse，food.1，whenyouaretheoneplanningtheparty.Nottoworry;yourplanningwillbeabreezeifyouplanaheadoftimeandtaketheprocesscoursebycourse，fromappetizers(開胃菜)todesserts.Askyourguestsaboutfoodrestrictionsbeforeyoustartpreparingfood.Forguestswithfoodallergiesorondiets，askthemtomaketheirownrestrictionsclear.Andaskifanyguestsarevegetariansandprovidedishesaccordingly.2.Chooseanappetizer-onlymealforarelaxinginexpensiveparty.You’llsavemoneyandpreparationtime，andbeabletosocializemorewithyourguests.3，soguestsaren’tthrownoffwhennomaincourseisserved.You’llwanttoofferyourguestssomevarietyoftasteinyourappetizersforamoresatisfyingmeal.4.Ifyourappetizersarejustthestartofamoreformalmealwithamaincourse，youkeepitabitsimpler.Planjustafewhandfulofchipsandacoupleofcookiesforyoureachguest，ifyou’reservingamaincourseafterwards.Prepare