詞匯部分專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

詞匯局部專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)一、構(gòu)詞法1.動(dòng)詞f名詞workfworkerinvent^inventorteach-teachersing^singervisitfvisitordrive^driverinvent^inventionoperate^operation2.名詞f名詞farm^farmerpolice-policemanFrench-Frenchman.名詞一形容詞carefcarefuluse->usefulsun^sunnycloud^cloudywind^windyrain^rainyAmerica-AmericanChina->Chineseinterest-*^interestingdifference^differentice^icy.形容詞一副詞quickfquicklyhappyfhappilypossible-^possiblytrue-^trulypolite-politelywide-widely.形容詞一反義詞happyfunhappyusualfunusualable-tunable二、常用詞、詞組和短語的英語解釋例如：lookafter—takecareofrightaway-atoncerightnow—nowhavearest-takearestinthemiddleof-inthecentreofdowellin—begoodat三、兼類詞和多義詞的詞類及用法例如：rightadj.正確的I5mwrong.Youareright.我錯(cuò)了你是對(duì)的。adv.恰恰，正好It'srightonyourhead.它正好在你頭上。n.右邊LiMingsitsonmyright.李明坐在我右邊。backn.背，后背，后部adv.向后，回原處Putyourhandsbehindyourback.[n.）把手放在背后。He'11beback（adv.〕intenminutes.他十分鐘后回來。pooradj.貧窮的；可憐的；不好的Hewastoopoortobuyanewcoat.他窮得買不起一件新外套。Thepooroldmanhadnoroomtolivein.這位可憐的老人沒有地方住。rmpooratsinging.我不擅于唱歌。callv.稱呼，取名；呼喚，叫來；大聲說，叫喊n.叫，喊（一次），通話TheboywascalledMingming.這個(gè)男孩被叫做明明。.你最好請(qǐng)位醫(yī)生。Ihearsomeonecalling.我聽見有人在叫。Iheardacallforhelp.我聽到呼救的聲音。I511giveyouacalllater.我以后再給你打。四、同義詞（近義詞），反義詞〔對(duì)應(yīng)詞）的詞類及用法例如：any和some二者都有“一些〃的意思，any多用于疑問句和否認(rèn)句，some多用于肯定句。但在表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、期待肯定答復(fù)的問句中，常用some替代any。Icanseesomeflowersinthegarden.Ican'tseeanytreesthere.Wouldyoulikesomewaterborrowlendborrow常和from搭配，表示“借來〃”借入〃lend常與to搭配，表示“借給……〃”借出〃WillyoupleaselendmeyourbikeSorry,I'velentittoTom.Thankyouallthesame.I'11borrowitfromothers.take,bring,carrytake：將某物或某人帶離說話人那里。bring則相反，是帶到說話人處。例如：Bringyourbookheretomorrow.Couldyoutakeittotheclassroomcarry是隨身攜帶，不說明來去的方向，如：Ican'tcarrythebox.It'stooheavy.find,lookfor,findoutfind意為“找到〃，lookfor是“尋覓〃，findout是“覺察、查明（真相）〃Ican'tfindmyticket.I5mlookingforit.Theyaretryingtofindoutwhobrokethewindow.look,see,watchlook是“看〃，經(jīng)常和at搭配，lookat看如：Lookatthepicture.see是“看見"o如：Canyouseethepicturewatch是“觀看〃如：IwaswatchingTVattenyesterday.other,theother,others,anotherother可作為形容詞，意為“其他的〃如：Whatotherthingscanyousee要注意掌握one…theother的用法，表示〔兩者中的）一個(gè)…另一個(gè)，如：Ihavetwoballs.Oneisred,theotherisgreen.others泛指其它的人或物。theothers表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物〃，如：Somestudentsareplayingbasketball,（the）othersareplayingfootball.another意為“另一個(gè)"。如：Iwantanotherapple.speak,say,talk,tellspeak重在指人們對(duì)言語的掌握或使用。say強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容，talk指交談或連續(xù)說話，常與with或to搭配。tell意為告訴。如：IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Hesaidhewasgoingtobeateacher.WhataretheytalkingaboutCanyoutellmethewaytothecinematoo,also,eithertoo,also,either都表示“也〃。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否認(rèn)句。如：Iamateacher,too.Sheisalsoateacher.Heisntateacher,either.reach,arrive,getto三者都表示到達(dá)。“getto+地點(diǎn)〃多用于口語。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接加地點(diǎn)。airrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，要用介詞in或at再加地點(diǎn)，較大地點(diǎn)用in,較小的地點(diǎn)用at,如：HavetheyarrivedinBeijingTheyreachedBeijinglastnight.Igettoschoolatseveneveryday.cost,pay,spendcost的主語只能是“物〃，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主語。cost表示“值（多少）錢〃“花費(fèi)〃，spend表示“花費(fèi)〃”度過〃。pay表示付款?？梢杂涀∫韵戮湫停?）主語（物）+cost+X.+sth