主謂一致的三個(gè)原則

主謂一致的三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、就近一致、意義一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況由and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan那個(gè)工人兼作家cf:theworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.every…and(every)…,each?.?and(each...,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)??連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞都作單數(shù)看待。Eachofushasanewpen.Everythingaroundusismatter.Eachofthestudentshasabook.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等無(wú)生命的集合名詞作主語(yǔ)。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.以s結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語(yǔ)。以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如“mathematics,politics,physics以及news,等，形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。另外：復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書，電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國(guó)家等名稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。MathsphysicsSwissUnitedstates表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。Anybody,something非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.goods,stairs,arms等名詞作主語(yǔ)。由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名詞作主語(yǔ)6.形容詞加定冠詞the表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Whatalifethepoorwereliving!Theyoungarehappytogivetheirseatstotheold謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù)。一些集體名詞做主語(yǔ)，如果看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).但people,police,cattle等只能用復(fù)數(shù).Myfamilyisabigfamily.Myfamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thepolicearetryingtocatchthethief.Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.means,works,pains等詞，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.kind,sort,pair,type+名詞作主語(yǔ)，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood..5.half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)10.由“alotof,（lotsof,plentyof,therestof）+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceissea.就近一致原則由or,either..?or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso以連詞or,either..?or,neither?.?nor,therebe,notonly.butalso連接的復(fù)合主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)與其相鄰的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Eg.YouorIamtobeinvited.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常和靠近的作主語(yǔ)的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIam.invited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.但注意with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名詞置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.（上海2001）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have精析：alargenumberof后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以A不能作為答案.因?yàn)閐esert是單數(shù)，所以要填has.這句話的意思是“毀壞森林的結(jié)果是，大片沙漠覆蓋了陸地.”答案B2.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.（上海2000）A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are精析：分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞表示.如果分子大于1,序數(shù)詞后加-s.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞.句子中的主語(yǔ)land是單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用iscovered.答案C.3----Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,togotouniversity.----SodoI.（全國(guó)1998）A.hopesB.hopeC.hopingD.dohope精析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是Eachofthestudents，是單數(shù)，所以要hopes選作謂語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)workinghardathisorherlessons作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨的情況。有的考生盲目地把lessons當(dāng)成了主語(yǔ)，填寫了hope，發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤。本題的譯文：每一個(gè)努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生都想上大學(xué)。我也是。答案A。peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2