2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句語法突破訓(xùn)練含解析

名詞性從句考點(diǎn)一主語從句—、that引導(dǎo)的主語從句1.that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),在從句中不作任I可成分,也沒有詞匯意義，但一般不可省略。Thattheearthgoesaroundthesunisknowntousall.眾所周知,地球圍看太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2.that弓I導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語,that不可省略。狷見句式主要有以下幾種:It+be+形容詞(necessary/likely/important/certain等)十that從句It+be+名詞(短語)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)十that從句It+be+過去分詞(said/told/reported等)十that從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞(seemappear,happen,matter等)十that從句Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning?他突然想到,第二天上午他有重要的會(huì)議要參加。:在nIt+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語應(yīng)用"(should十)動(dòng)詞原形"。二whether/if弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句主語從句位于主句謂語動(dòng)作前，表示"是否",只能用whether.若用it作形式主語，則whether與if可互換。彳列:It'suncertainwhether/ifhe'IIethisevening.他今天晚上是否會(huì)來還不確走。Thelimitsofaperson7sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.通常來說，一個(gè)人智力上的極限從一出生就確走了，但他是否能夠達(dá)到極限取決于他所處的環(huán)境。三、wh?類連接詞弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句wh-類連接詞包括連接代詞(who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever等)和連接副詞(when,where,why,whenever,wherever等)。連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或走語，連接副詞在從句中作狀語。其語序?yàn)閣h-類連接詞加陳述句。例：Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要。你能做的任佢摩情都會(huì)有所幫助。WhereLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.中國偉大的詩人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人還不認(rèn)可。WhatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.芭芭拉?瓊斯展現(xiàn)給她的粉絲們的是誠實(shí)和快樂?？键c(diǎn)二賓語從句賓語從句位于及物動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語或介詞之后。引導(dǎo)詞有三類：從屬連詞只起連接作用，不作句子成分,that無詞義，whether,if意為"是否"；連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或走語;連接副詞在從句中只作狀語?！?、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)無詞義，在從句中不作成分，口語中一般可以省略，但下列情況下不能省略：?當(dāng)that在從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)。don'tknowexactlywherehelives,exceptthatifssomewhereoutinthew.ilds.他住在哪里我不很清楚,只知道是在遠(yuǎn)離城市的荒野之中。?動(dòng)詞后跟有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略,從第二個(gè)從句開始that不可省略。例：Hetoldme(that)hehadtoleaveandthathewouldbebacksoon.他告訴我他得離開并且很快就會(huì)回來。3?it作形式賓語的賓語從句。⑴動(dòng)詞find/feel/think/consider/make+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞或名詞)+that從句⑵動(dòng)詞hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy十it十that從句⑶短語動(dòng)詞seeto/dependon/relyon十it十that從句(4)固定搭配takeitforgranted/oweittosb.+that從句例:Nomatterwhereheisrhemakesitarulethatheshallgoforawalkbeforebreakfast?無論他在哪里,他都走了一個(gè)規(guī)矩——早餐前散步。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝白開水是有必要的。二whether與if弓I導(dǎo)的賓語從句whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),在從句中不作但可成分，但有具體的含義，意為"是否"。例:SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadnrt她問我是否把書還給圖書館了，我承認(rèn)我還沒有還。在下列情況下只能用whether而不能用if:1.賓語從句中有ornot時(shí)，只能用whether。例：Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue?二Idon'tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot我不知道這個(gè)報(bào)道是否是真的。2?whether弓I導(dǎo)的從句可放在介詞之后，作介詞的賓語，而if則不能。彳列:Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime?這取決于我們是否有充足的時(shí)間。三.連接代詞和連接畐恫弓I導(dǎo)的賓語從句連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)既充當(dāng)句子成分又有具體詞義,且不可省略。例：Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.無論誰獲得自行車比塞第一名，金劇各授予他/她。Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein.whatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.我們的老師總是告訴我們，如果我們想成功的話，就要相信我們所做的事情以及我們自己。注意:賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài):—般情況下，賓語從句須與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,即當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)具體情況選用合適的時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句為過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句須用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容為真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。考點(diǎn)三 表語從句在句中作表語的從句稱為表語從句。表語從句位于系動(dòng)詞之后。一、從屬連詞that/whether引導(dǎo)表語從句在表語從句中,從屬連詞只起連接作用，其中that無詞義,—般不.能省略；whether意為"是否"。if不能弓I導(dǎo)表語從句。例:Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatisintended.對(duì)用戶來說最重要的是產(chǎn)品達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。Theproblemiswhethertheairpollutioncanbecontrolled.問題是空氣污染能否被控制住。二連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句?連接代i司有who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever^whatever,whichever等；連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或走語。.連接畐11詞有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。連接副詞在從句中作狀語。例：Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme一toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.這是我父親教我的——總是面對(duì)困難，且抱最大的希望。Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.在這個(gè)足球明星看來,最美好的時(shí)刻是他射進(jìn)制勝球的時(shí)候。三、其他連接詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句asif/asthough意為"好像,仿佛"，引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在系動(dòng)詞(be,seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。若表語從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況,從句用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實(shí)或是極可能發(fā)生的情況,從句用陳述語氣。例：Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasifagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.厚重的煙霧覆蓋著整個(gè)城市，好像把一X厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。.because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句⑴This/That/Itiswhy+表語從句(表結(jié)果)"這/那就是……的原因"⑵This/That/Itisbecause十表語從句(表原因)"這/那是因?yàn)椤?3)Thereasonwhy...isthat+表語從句"……的原因是……"例:Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻婕s百分之七十一都被水覆蓋著。Hedidn1tworkhard.That'swhyhewasfired?他沒有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因?？键c(diǎn)四同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞(advice,conclusion,doubtfacthope,idea,newsrpromise,question,suggestion,thought,truth,wish,word等)的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位語從句中zthat和whether不作成分.that無詞義,whether表示"是否"；if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。弓I導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不能省略。例:Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistsnt.There■IStoomuchworktodo.經(jīng)理提岀一個(gè)建議，我們應(yīng)該有個(gè)助手。有太多的工作要做。注意:that引導(dǎo)走語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)走語從句時(shí)，that既起引導(dǎo)詞的作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分;如果在從句中作賓語that還可以省略,所修飾的名詞指物時(shí)可用which替換。引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),that在從句中不充當(dāng)彳石可句子成分，不能省略。彳列:1?Thequestionoccurredtomewhereweshouldgotogetthecarrepaired.Wewereinthemiddleoftheforestatthattime.?Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststh.attheearthisbeingwarmerandwarmertheseyears??Thepossibilityifthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.if—that答題技巧點(diǎn)撥：兩步突破名詞性從句第一步:識(shí)別名詞性從句的種類1?首先確走主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，確走主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。2?分析從句在主句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?確走從句所屬類型：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。第二步：分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)，確走從句引導(dǎo)詞確走從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整,結(jié)合句意填寫適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。.若從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,用從屬連詞：陳述事實(shí)用that;表示疑問"是否"用if或whether..若從句缺少主語、賓語或表語,則考慮用連接代詞。若從句缺少狀語,則用連接副詞。另外，還需注意一些特殊的引導(dǎo)詞(如if,whether,because,asif等)的用法及that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。單句語法填空:LHisfavoritefoodisfriedsnacksandsoftdrinks.Itisnosurprise losingweightisjusthisdream?Thehistoricalreasonforbeginningthenewyearinsuchatimeis itisthetimebetweenautumnharvestandspringplowingandplanting.Inotherwordsritisthetimeforrest.relaxationandcelebrationafterayear'shardwork?Rercentlyranewresearchhassuggestedthepossibilityinapopularmagazine pleasantsmellsmightreducepain.Youshouldfirstexploreyourtalentsandgettoknowyourselfsoastomakealistof youthinkyourrealinterestlies?Throughtheprocessofparisonfitmightbeeasierforustounder-stand importantbeliefreallyis.Withanoptimisticattitudeandastrongwillfwecanovere difficultieswemightmeetwithandachieveourgoals?Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonis weoftendonotknowwhentheyareing?Peoplecannotprepareforit.Thedifficultyliesin theywilletoourhelpimmediately.Theywouldappreciateitrtobefrank, thegoodscouldbedeliveredassoonaspossible? isexpectedtohappenthatsmallautomatedbusescouldmakeadifferencewhenpresenthuman-operatedtransporthasprovedinefficient.Itturnsoutthatlookingattractiveinphotosisn*teasydueto theresearchersarecallingthe"frozenfaceeffect"?Itisobvious thelocalgovernmentcandotoprotecttheenvironmeritforfuturegenerations?Thisshouldserveasawarning peopleshouldbeawareoftheirsurroundings,especiallywhencrossingroads?Wordhase Basi'sbodywillbeputinBasiMuseum,whichisunderconstruct!onatpresentforpeopletorememberherforeverandsharethespiritoftheharmoniousdevelopmentbetweenhumansandnature?Thefaherandhissongotlostinthemountainandtheyhadtoeat_foodtheycouldfindthere?n.單句改錯(cuò)WhenIwenttothe.kitchentogetmybreakfast,IwasastonishedatwhichIsaw.2.1wasinsuchahurrythatIpaidnoattentiontoifthemilkwashotornot.Fromthisexperience,Iamfullyawarethatweshouldtakerealactionifourpersonalitythatneedsimproving?Buttheycouldn'tunderstandwhatshesaid.Iwenttothewomanandaskedherthatwashappening.Today.Englishiswhichmystrengthlies.AndrmgratefultomyEnglishteacher.ThefirstreasonwhyIconsiderhimasmybestfriendis.becausehehasaverywarmpersonality.OneofthebiggestculturaldifferencesInoticedwhileinLondonwaswhythepeopleofLondonconductedthemselves?Itischeerfulwhatthelocalauthoritieshavepromisedthemtoshortenthetimeofobtainingit.Fmwritingtotellyouhowisgoingoninourschool—abasketballmatchtobeheldnextmonth.Weshouldmakefulluseoftimetodothatshouldbedone?Theproblemiswhetheronelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievementm.語篇填空Itwasreported_1_therewasanaccidentatthecornerofRomanStreetthismorning?Noonesaw_2_onearthhappenedthen.Acarranintoatruckbutfortunatelyrnobodygotinjured._3_isresponsiblefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.Thepoliceareuncertainabout_4_thedriverisguilty._5_thepoliceshoulddonowis_6_theymustfindoutwhatledtotheaccident.Theysaiditwasdifficultforthemtojudgebecause_7_theaccidenthappenedwasnotclear.Perhapsthereasonwas8thedriverwastootiredtostopthecarintime.Thedriverdidn'tadmitthefact_9_hewasdrivingtoofastattheturning.Thepolicedoubted_10_whathesaidwastrueanddecidedtomakeafurtherinvestigation.單句語法填空that句意為：他最喜歡的食物是油炸類小吃和軟飲料。砌巴只是他的夢(mèng)想一點(diǎn)都不令人吃驚。It是形式主語,真正的主語是that弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句。從句中結(jié)構(gòu)及句意完整,故用that。that句意在這個(gè)時(shí)候開始新的一年的歷史原因是這個(gè)時(shí)間在秋收無］舂季耕地、播種之間。換言之，它是一年的艱苦勞作之后休息、放松、慶賀的時(shí)間。從句不缺成分，不缺含義。Thereasonisthat...為固走句式，故填that。that句意：最近，在一本流行雜志中，有一項(xiàng)新的研究表明好聞的氣味有可能減少疼痛。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對(duì)possibility進(jìn)行解釋說明，且從句中不缺成分，意義完整,故填thatwhere句意：你應(yīng)當(dāng)首先開發(fā)你的天賦，了解你自己,以便列出一個(gè)你認(rèn)為你真正的興趣所在的單子。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句”作介詞of的賓語,且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。how句意：通過比較的過程,我們可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的從句作understand的賓語，且修飾形容詞important,應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)該從句。whatever句意：擁有樂觀的態(tài)度和強(qiáng)烈的愿望，我們能夠克服可能遇到的但可困難，取得成功。通過分析句子可知，overe后為賓語從句，動(dòng)詞短語meetwith后缺少賓語,再結(jié)合句意可知用whatever修飾名詞difficulties,連接賓語從句。that句意:地震讓人們很擔(dān)憂。原因是我們通常不知道它們什么時(shí)候發(fā)生。人們沒法做準(zhǔn)備。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整,所以用that。whether句意：困難在于他們是否會(huì)馬上來幫助我們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,theywilletoourhelpimmediately是介詞in的賓語從句,根據(jù)句意可知,設(shè)空處表示"是否"，故用whether連接。if句意：坦白地說,如果貨物能夠盡快被運(yùn)送，他們將會(huì)非常感激。wouldappreciateitif...表示"如果..????將不勝感激",it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是評(píng)從句。10.lt句意：人們預(yù)測(cè),當(dāng)現(xiàn)有的人力交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)被證明效率彳氐下時(shí),小型自動(dòng)巴士可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處為形式主語,真正的主語是that從句,故用It作形式主語。II?單句改錯(cuò)which—what在名詞性從句中which和what都為連接代詞，但which表示"哪一個(gè)"，而what表示的事情"。故which改為what。if-whetherif和whether都可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句意為"是否"，但日受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介詞后的賓語從句不能用讓引導(dǎo),不能跟ornot連用等。故if改為whether。3刪除needs前的that考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)，if從句的主語是ourpersonality,謂語是needs,故that多余。that-what考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是賓語從句，連接詞在從句中作主語，表示事物，故將that改為what。which-where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中i