全國公共英語一級寫作專題訓(xùn)練(二)

專題訓(xùn)練（二）如何改寫句子改寫句子共有三道題，主要考查考生在意思相同的情況下，對不同句型的表達方式的掌握。改寫句子最基本的要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體相同。以填空的形式命題嗎，考生須填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。該部分要求考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解其含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，找出需要補全的內(nèi)容，正確改寫句子。說明1、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去時”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋taught一般過去時：was／were＋taught一般將來時：will／shall

be＋taught現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／are

being＋taught過去進行時：was/werebeing＋taught現(xiàn)在完成時：have／has

been＋taught過去完成時：hadbeen+taught將來完成時：will/shallhavebeen+taught（一）主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換Manyworkersbuiltthisfactoryin2001.Thisfactory_________bymanyworkersin2001.wasbuilt2、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法

(1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(2)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞)(3)根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式。(4)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：All

the

people

laughed

at

him.

——He

was

laughed

at

by

all

people.

They

make

the

bikes

in

the

factory.

——The

bikes

are

madeby

themin

the

factory.3、特殊情況(1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。

例:Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.(2)在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。

例:Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.

可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.練習MarryteachesmeEnglish._________________________________.2.Tomwillgiveabooktoheronherbirthday.__________________________________.3.LiLeiwascleaningtheclassroomwhenIcamein.___________________________________.4.Healwaysmakesmelaugh.____________________________________.TheclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyLiLeiwhenIcamein.Iamalwaysmadetolaughbyhim.二、直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換【經(jīng)典例題】

Heaskedme,“Whereareyougoing?”

Heaskedme__________________.

whereIwasgoing相關(guān)定義直接引語：直接引用別人的話，要加引號

例如：媽媽說:“小王是個好人?！盡othersaid,“XiaoWangisagoodperson.”間接引語：用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不加引號。

例如：媽媽說小王是個好人。MothersaidthatXiaoWangisagoodperson.一、如何變?nèi)朔Q

口訣：一隨主，二隨賓，第三不更新?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.二、如何變時態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時態(tài)；Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”→

Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般將來時→過去將來時She

said,"He

will

go

to

see

his

friend.”→She

said

he

would

go

to

see

his

friend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewas

goingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.3)現(xiàn)在進行時→過去進行時；

Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewas

readingabook.

注意：以下幾種情況時態(tài)

不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→The

teacher

said

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。Jack

said.

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.三、如何變句型1.直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

She

said,

"Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.“→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.2.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

She

asked

me,

"When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

me,

"What

wasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.3.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.

He

said,

"Can

you

swim,

John?“

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim。

“Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?”

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.”句型

。如：

1."Don't

make

any

noise,"

theteachersaid

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,"

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.Exercise1.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhismother_______________foundit.2.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.3.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.how___shehadwhereIhadthoseifIlived4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.6.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.risesgoeshadbeforeheate7.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.8.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.10.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______metth