海外代購?fù)馕奈墨I(xiàn)翻譯

文獻(xiàn)出處：LurchR.Talkaboutoverseasactaspurchasingagencybusinessmodelresearch[J].OrganizationalDynamics,2015,35(3):265-278.原文TheresearchofbusinessmodelofoverseaspurchasingLurchRAbstractWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofcross-bordere-commerce,overseasactaspurchasingagencygraduallyinconsumerdemand.Purchasedoverseasofferpriceadvantageandbrandadvantagesofinternationalgoods,meetthepersonalizedneedsofconsumers.Overseasactaspurchasingagencyforthedomesticrelatedenterprisesespeciallythesevereimpactoftheretailerweakenedthecommercepromotioneffectofconsumption.NetworkoverseasactaspurchasingagencyasB2Ce-commerceinanichemarket,hasbeengraduallyacceptedbyInternetusersinthenetworkconsumption.canavoidtheproblemsintheinternationalpersonalshoppinglink;justentertheactaspurchasingagencywebsite,afterselectedgoods,directpayment,nointernationalcreditcard,neednottroubletoforwardoverseasrelativesandfriends.Overseasgoodsconsumersnotonlyconsidertheproductquality,price,after-salesservice,suchasdifference,alsothecomprehensivenationalpolicy,priceandafter-saleactivist,technicalsupportandotherfactors.Keywords:Overseasactaspurchasingagency;E-commerceplatform;Commerce1ThepresentsituationandoperationmodeofoverseaspurchasingdevelopmentstatusesOverseasactaspurchasingagencyisbasedonthenetworkconsumerdemandforgoodsinothercountries,bylargecommunityBBS,comprehensivee-commercesitepurchasingplatform,professionalnetwork"transit"andsoonallkindsofwaystomakeconsumerstopurchasegoodstooverseas.ThereareprofessionalpurchasedoverseasactaspurchasingagencywebB2CwebsiteandattachedtothebigshoppingwebsiteofC2Conlinepersonalboughttwoforms.Contemporaryislarger,moreconcentratedprocurementtime,inordertosavecost,canbeboughtbyreality.Humanactaspurchasingagencybuyingmoreproficientinaforeignlanguage;Stewardess,studentsfamiliarwiththeimportandexportmarkets.Atpresent,theindependenceofthestrongestistheenterprisetobuildonlinesalesplatformtopromoteoperation,usingmarketingnetworkfordistributionordistributionbusinessoutsourcingtoathirdpartyplatform.Sometradethroughtheinternationallogisticscompanyimportedforeignelectronicproducts,cosmetics,householdgoods,toavoiddeliverychannelsofduties,throughactiveintheborderofandHongKongabatchof"waterguest"willbesplitintomoreimportedgoods,falseclaimforpersonalitems,useofpersonalitemsallowancepreferentialrules,throughchannelsintoChina,thecountryofimportgoodsmanagement.Purchasedoverseasdividedintoacquaintancespurchasedoverseasandelectronicpurchasedoverseas,acquaintancebetweenacquaintancesandrelativesoverseasactaspurchasingagencyinconsumers,isnotaprofitforthepurposeofpurchasingway.Electronicoverseasactaspurchasingagencyreferstoisthemediumofelectroniccommerce,basedontheinternationallogisticsandtheInternettoprovidebuyersagenttobuyforeignbrandproductsservicesandrelatedfee.Withthetraditionalcomparedbetweene-commerceandinternationaltrade,thecharacteristicsofthepurchasedoverseasmainly:oneisageneralcharacteristicofthenetworkshopping;Second,canprovideconvenientandquickforoverseasproductsofdomesticdemandandsaferbuyingchannel,eliminatefrontierbarrierofinternationalproductsandservices;Threeistoprovidepersonalizedservicespurchasedoverseastomeetthespecificneedsofconsumers,tofindasolutiontothedifferentialdevelopmentasthegoal.purchasedoverseasoperationmodeanalysisAtpresent,thedomesticandoverseasactaspurchasingagencyelectricbusinessplatformmainlywebsites,involvedinpurchasingproductsaredailynecessities,food,suchasmilkpowder,healthcareproducts,consumerelectronics,suchasapplecomputer,mobilephone),high-gradeproductsandcollection,etc.AccordingtothemonitoringdataofChinaelectroniccommerceresearchcenterofthemarket,inthefirsthalfof2014China'selectricitynetworkoperatorsnetworkmarketturnovershowsmalloccupy57.4%,rankedsecond,occupy21.1%,islocatedinthemarketshareisthethirdpurchaseupto3.6%.Accordingtothemonitoringdataofelectroniccommerceresearchcenter,Chinapurchasedoverseasin2013toptenoneofthemostpopularcommoditiesincludingcosmetics,milkpowder,cases,bags,etc.hecosmeticactaspurchasingagencyproductsmorethan22%ofthetotal,obviouslythanbigthanotherproducts.Overseaspurchasingplatformfore-commercesitesprovideconsumerswithinformationexchange,goodsorderconfirmationandpayment,andotherfunctions,theoperationmodeofthepurchasedoverseasroughlydividedintothreecategories.ProfessionalelectricalbusinessenterprisesandcooperationMostprofessionalpurchasingelectricitycompanieshaveprofessionalelectronictradingplatforms,foreignpartners,internationallogisticspartnersaswellasperfectafter-salepre-salecustomerservicecenter.Domesticelectricityactaspurchasingagencypartnersaredividedintodifferentsituations,suchasproductsfortheUnitedStatespurchaseofspecificactaspurchasingagencynetwork,therearesomewebsitesdirectlywithBandC2C2Coninternationalshoppingplatformforcooperation,actaspurchasingagencywebsiteintheUnitedStates,forexampleamazons,onlineelectricityproductscoveringalltheproductsinthefieldofcirculationoftheUnitedStates.thebasisofestablishclosecooperationwithforeignpartners,lookingforfixedlogisticscompany,andactaspurchasingagencypartycanbealargenumberofthetransportofthegoodsatalowerpricetodomestic,andbeabletoenjoypreferentialtreatmentinforeigncooperationduetothetarifftooffsetthecost.BytheprivateoverseasactaspurchasingagencymodelDomesticC2Cformofoverseasactaspurchasingagencyworksmainlyhastwokinds,oneisbypurchasingpersonnelinthenameoftheindividualentityshoptobuyabroad,afterthegoodscarrybackhomeorsentbyposttodomesticconsumers.Second,thedomesticactaspurchasingagencypersonnelmanagemententerprisewithfixedestablishmentcooperation,overseasactaspurchasingagencyisresponsibleforprocurementofgoodsandfreight,receivedbythedomesticbusinesspersonnelandtoconsumers.Actaspurchasingagencypersonnelinthenameofthepersonalbelongingsofthefreighttoreturnhome,themodeoftransportationwilltypicallyinvolvepartorallofthetaxevasion,easilyaffectedbythecustomssupervision,intheactaspurchasingagencyitemsofthearrivalofthegoodstime,actaspurchasingagencycosts,thereisarisk,evenbytheriskofcargowasconfiscatedbycompletely.OutsidethedirectentryofinternationalbusinessProfessionalelectricbusinessenterpriseofthedomesticandoverseascooperationandbyprivateoverseasactaspurchasingagencymodelisacommonmodeoftwokindsofoverseasactaspurchasingagency;theforeignmerchantdirectentryisalreadysomeinternationalwebsitesactaspurchasingagencyservicebehaviortoourcountry.Actaspurchasingagencypersonnelcanonlyberesponsibleforinternationalbusinessorder,internationalsitestoberesponsibleforlogistics.However,sinceinthismodeofinternationallogisticscostishigher,andconsumerstogoodslogisticsinformationcannotbetimelygraspandactaspurchasingagencyriskishigher,sothismodelisnotcommon.ThemechanismofactionofoverseasactaspurchasingagencyOverseasactaspurchasingagencyofcommercedevelopmentinindustrializationoptimizationperspective,theinfluenceofcommerceupstreamindustrialclustersinvolved:universalandspecialequipmentmanufacturing;Transportationequipmentmanufacturingindustry;Electricalandmechanicalmanufacturing;Instrumentandmetermanufacturing;Transportationandwarehousing;Thepostalservice.Wholesaleandretail;Accommodationcateringindustry;Leasingandbusinessservices;Comprehensivetechnicalservices,etcDownstreamindustrygroupinclude:producerservices;Consumerproductsmanufacturing;Consumerservices;Processingindustryofcapital;Capitalgoodsmanufacturing;Powerindustry;Thenewenergyindustry;Thenewenergyautomotiveindustry;Thenewmaterialmanufacturing,etc.Therapiddevelopmentofoverseasactaspurchasingagencymakethedevelopmentofcommercialandtradecirculationindustryaffectedbyalotof,mainlyreflectsin:Enhancetheinternationalcirculationmarketinformationsymmetry,drivecommercepromotioneffectofconsumptionPurchasedoverseasproductspricingcomparedwiththeglobalpricesofsomeproductsishigher,inbehalfofluxurygoodsforexample,China'sluxuryandupscaleproductpriceisabout45%higherthanthemarketaverageofHongKong,China,51%higherthanthepriceoftheUnitedStates,72%higherthantheFrenchluxurygoodsprice.Overseasactaspurchasingagencyandthecontinuousdevelopmentofinformationsociety,makeChina'sconsumersfullyunderstandtheproductpricedifferenceofdifferentcountrymarkets,overseasactaspurchasingagencytodrivethedevelopmentofcommerceinformationsharing,operatinghigh-endproductsinthecirculationindustrycan'tkeepthehighpriceofluxurygoodscompaniesstrategy,raisingdomesticproductpricesfall,promptingmoreconsumerstobuyproductsinChina.Overseasactaspurchasingagencymeetthepersonalizedneedsofconsumerspromotecommerceproductdiversificationanddifferentialdevelopment.Purchasedoverseasproductsinvolvingmostoftheproductsintheglobalindustry,differentfromthetraditionalcirculationindustry,demandisprovidedbytheseller;buyonhisbehalfbyproductstomeetthepersonalizedneedsofconsumers.Becausecustomssupervisionisnotperfect,thepartofdomesticconsumptiongoingabroad,thecommerceofconsumerspendsshunt.Purchasedoverseasproductdiversificationenablesconsumerstograduallychangethetraditionalconsumptionpatterns,diversificationofconsumerdemandhaspromptedcommerceintroductionanddevelopmentofavarietyofeconomicsystemstructureofenterprise,establishanewtypeofownershipstructureofcommoditiesinterflowandvarietyoftheinnovationofthemodeofoperation.ConsumerslosefaithintheirownbrandgraduallyDuetolowqualityinspectionstandardsinChina,alargenumberofdomesticbrandsappearunqualifiedgoodsqualityandingoodconditionafterfilling,consumersgraduallytoourcountrycommoditybrandtrustdeclinedsignificantly,althoughistheinternationalbrandlicensingproductionofproducts,customersalsoquestionedthequalityofthegoods.Atthesametime,foreignbrandproductsofhighqualitystandard,formingperfectcreditsystemabroad.Thismakesconsumersgiveupinthecirculationmarketbrandproductsinourcountry,increasedthepursuitforeignbrands,greatlypromotingthedevelopmentofChina'soverseasactaspurchasingagency.WeakenthemarketcompetitivenessofdomesticenterprisesOverseasactaspurchasingagencyshopisvarious,domestice-commercetradingplatformconstantlyopenupforeignbrandbuyonbehalf,hasbroughtthehugeimpacttoitsbrand,makethetraditionalcommercereducethedemandfordomesticbrands,indirectimpactonthedevelopmentofdomesticbrands.Suchasmilkpowder,increasingdomesticmilkpowdergenerationoverseasinrecentyears,domesticmilkpowderenterprisesformalargerimpacttoourcountry.Somedomestictradeenterprisesimportandexportbusinessmaynotbecauseofoverseasactaspurchasingagencythroughthenormalimportchannelsandlosemarket,droppingmarketshareofcommerceinlogisticsindustry,logisticsenterprisesprofitspacecompression.Becauseoftheexistenceofoverseasactaspurchasingagencyhaskeptthepricesofsomeproductsregionaldifferenceproductstrategynotwork,reducetheprofitsoftheenterprise.ConclusionsOverseaspurchasingpromotetheoptimizedallocationofinternationalresources,optimizationoftheconsumptionoftheinhabitantsoftheirchoice,butcanbringseriouseconomiclossestocountries,weakeningnationaltariffprotectionability,totheimpactofdomesticcommerce,especiallyretailing.theonehand,overseasactaspurchasingagencyforcommercehasopenedupanewe-commercebusinessmodel,enhance the circulationmarketofinformationcommunication, improve thecirculationmarketmechanism,promotethedevelopmentofcommercediversificationanddifferentiation;Overseasactaspurchasingagency,ontheotherhand,weakensthecommerceconsumptionpromotingeffect,isnotconducivetocommercialandtradecirculationindustryofconnectionoftherealizationofthefunctionoftheproductionandconsumption,hinderthecommercetheestablishmentoftheindependentbrand.Therefore,onlywillbepurchasedoverseasrationalizationandstandardization,canurgeitscommercialandtradecirculationindustrystructureupgradeandoptimization.譯文海外代購運(yùn)營模式研究LurchR摘要隨著跨境電子商務(wù)的不斷發(fā)展，海外代購逐漸受到消費(fèi)者的追捧。海外代購提供具有價格優(yōu)勢和品牌優(yōu)勢的國際商品，滿足消費(fèi)者的個性化需求。海外代購對本國相關(guān)企業(yè)尤其是零售企業(yè)造成嚴(yán)重沖擊，削弱了商貿(mào)流通業(yè)的消費(fèi)促進(jìn)效應(yīng)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)海外代購作為B2C電子商務(wù)中產(chǎn)生的一個細(xì)分市場,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)中已逐漸為網(wǎng)民所接受。它能避免國際性的個人購物環(huán)節(jié)中的問題,只需進(jìn)入代購網(wǎng)站,選定商品后,直接支付,無需國際信用卡、無需麻煩國外親友轉(zhuǎn)寄。海外商品的消費(fèi)者不但要考慮到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、價格、售后服務(wù)等差異,還要綜合國家政策、性價比、售后維權(quán)、技術(shù)支持等因素。關(guān)鍵詞：海外代購；電子商務(wù)平臺；商貿(mào)流通業(yè)1海外代購的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及運(yùn)營模式1.1現(xiàn)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)海外代購是基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)者對其他國家商品的需求,通過大型社區(qū)論壇、綜合電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站代購平臺、專業(yè)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)代購商“中轉(zhuǎn)”等各種方式使消費(fèi)者購買到海外的商品。網(wǎng)絡(luò)代購主要有專業(yè)的海外代購B2C網(wǎng)站和依附于大的購物網(wǎng)站的C2C網(wǎng)店個人代購兩種形式。當(dāng)代購量比較大,采購時間比較集中,為了節(jié)約費(fèi)用,可由真人代購。真人代購代購人大多精通外語；空姐、留學(xué)生等熟悉進(jìn)出口市場。目前,獨(dú)立性最強(qiáng)的就是企業(yè)自行建設(shè)網(wǎng)上銷售平臺來推廣運(yùn)營,利用營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)配送或者配送業(yè)務(wù)外包給第三方平臺。一些貿(mào)易公司通過國際物流進(jìn)口國外電子產(chǎn)品、化妝品、日用商品,為逃避郵遞渠道關(guān)稅,通過活躍在深港交界處的一批“水客”將進(jìn)口貨物拆分成多票,偽報為個人物品,利用個人物品免稅額優(yōu)惠規(guī)定,通過旅檢渠道進(jìn)境,逃避國家對進(jìn)口貨物的管理。海外代購分為熟人海外代購和電子海外代購，熟人海外代購出現(xiàn)在消費(fèi)者熟人和親屬之間，并不是以盈利為目的的代購方式。電子海外代購指的是以電子商務(wù)為媒介，基于國際物流和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為購買者提供代理購買國外品牌產(chǎn)品的服務(wù)并收取相關(guān)費(fèi)用。與傳統(tǒng)的電子商務(wù)和國際間進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易相比，海外代購的特點(diǎn)主要是：一是具有一般網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物的特征；二是可以為海外商品的境內(nèi)需求提供方便快捷和較為安全的購買渠道，消除國際間產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的國境屏障；三是海外代購提供個性化的服務(wù)來滿足消費(fèi)者的特定需求，以尋求差異化發(fā)展為目標(biāo)。1.2海外代購運(yùn)營模式分析目前本國的外代購電商平臺涉及代購的產(chǎn)品有日常用品、食品（如奶粉、保健品）、電子消費(fèi)品（如蘋果電腦、手機(jī)）、高檔品和收藏品等。根據(jù)市場監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，海外代購最受歡迎的商品前十位包括化妝品、奶粉、箱包等。其中化妝品占據(jù)代購產(chǎn)品總量的22%以上，明顯比其它產(chǎn)品的比重大。海外代購的電商網(wǎng)站平臺為消費(fèi)者提供信息交流、貨物確認(rèn)和訂單支付等功能，海外代購的運(yùn)營模式大致分為三類。（1）專業(yè)電商企業(yè)的境內(nèi)外合作大部分專業(yè)的代購電商企業(yè)擁有專業(yè)的電子交易平臺、國外的合作商、國際性的物流合作商以及完善的售后售前客服中心。境內(nèi)電商的代購合作方也分為不同情況，比如針對美國的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行專門代購的博購網(wǎng)，也有一些網(wǎng)站直接與國際上B2C和C2C的購物平臺合作，以美國代購的網(wǎng)站為例亞馬遜、MACY等網(wǎng)上電商的產(chǎn)品覆蓋美國流通領(lǐng)域中的所有產(chǎn)品。在與國外合作方建立緊密合作基礎(chǔ)上，尋找固定的物流公司，代購方就可以將大批的貨物以較低的價格運(yùn)輸?shù)奖緡?，并能夠享受國外合作給予的優(yōu)惠用以彌補(bǔ)由于關(guān)稅帶來的成本。（2）由私人國外代購的模式本國C2C形式的海外代購的運(yùn)作方式主要有兩種，一是由代購人員以個人的名義在國外的實(shí)體店進(jìn)行購買，之后將貨物攜帶回國或郵遞給本國的消費(fèi)者。二是本國的經(jīng)營企業(yè)與固定的代購人員建立合作，國外代購人