2023學年完整公開課版unit1Grammarandusage3

Unit1

Talesoftheunexplained高一牛津版模塊二GrammarandusageWeusethepresentperfecttosaythatanactionhappenedatanunspecified(未指明的)timebeforenow.Theexacttimeisnotimportant.

PresentPerfectTenseFormofpresentperfecttenseWeformthepresentperfecttensewithhave(haven’t)/has(hasn’t)andthepastparticipleoftheverb.Examples:a.Youhaveseenthatmoviemanytimes.b.Haveyouseenthatmoviemanytimes?c.Youhavenotseenthatmoviemanytimes.

UsagesofpresentperfecttenseExamples:ThedisappearanceofJustin________(make)Kellyveryunhappy.

hasmade1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.

Look,thewindowisopen.Ericopenedthewindowjustnow.Eric_________________(alreadyopen)thewindow.hasalreadyopened

Examples:Myfather_________(be)offworksincelastyear.hasbeen

2.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.

JustingotoutlastFriday.Hedidn’tcomeback.I____________(see)JustinsincelastFriday.havenotseenTheyboughtthishousethreeyearsago.They__________(live)heresincethen.havelived1.We___________(study)Chineseforaboutfouryears.2.Myfather__________(be)offworksincelastyear.3.YaoMing__________(play)basketballintheUSforalongtime.4.I___________(see)himsincelastFriday.have

studiedhasbeenhasplayedhaven’tseenExercises:3.Weusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:already,ever,for,just,lately,never,recently,since,yet.

ⅠWeuse

alreadyforpositivestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.ⅡWeusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.Exercises:

MyfriendJackhasjustsentmeane-mail,tellingmeabouthistravelsaroundtheworld.He____________(justbe)toMountEverest

basecampand____(see)aYetithere.Heisstillveryexcitedaboutit.He__________(visit)thegreatpyramidsinEgypttoo.Hesaysthathe______(love)Egyptbuthe____________(notvisit)allthepyramidsyet.hasjustbeensawhasvisitedloveshasn’tvisitedHe_________(swim)inLochNess,butluckilyhe_____________(nevermeet)theLochNessmonster!He__________(dive)intheIndianOceanmanytimeslookingfortreasure.Althoughhe_________(find)manysunkenships,he____________(notfind)anytreasure.____he_____(be)totheGreatWallbefore?I’mnotsure—butIhave.hasswumhasnevermethasdivedhasfoundhasn’tfoundHasbeenExamples:Eric_________(go)backtohishometowntoday.hasgone

4.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.

I_________(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.havereadThestudent______________(notfinish)hishomeworkyet.hasn’tfinished5.Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions.

Examples:SomevillagessaythattheyhaveseenUFOsmanytimes.6.Weformthepresenttensewithhave/hasandthepastparticipleoftheverb.Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoshowthatsomethingstartedinthepastandhascontinuedupuntilnow.

PresentPerfectContinuousTense

Weformthepresentperfecttensewithhave/hasandthepresentparticipleoftheverb.

has/have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞FormofpresentperfectcontinuoustenseIhavebeenwaitingherefortwohours.Examples:

Themanstartedworkinginthefieldhalfanhourago,andheisstillworkingnow.Theman_______________(work)inthefieldforhalfanhour.

hasbeenworking

Theboystartedhavingdinnerfiveminutesago.Heisstillhavingdinnernow.Theboy______________(have)dinnersincefiveminutesago.

hasbeenhavingUsagesofpresentperfectcontinuoustenseIhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.

Examples:1.

Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing.

I________________(wait)foranhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.havebeenwaiting

Kelly:SorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Mavis:Yes.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.Examples:

2.

Wealsousethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthathavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.

havebeenstudying

havebeenobserving

havebeentalking

haveseen

havebeentaking

havebeenwritingExamples:Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitinghere?Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthebook?

3.Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmanyorhowmuch,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.

Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?4.Wecanuseeitherastateverboranactionverbwiththepresentperfecttensebutweusuallycanonlyuseanactionverbwiththepresentperfectcontinuoustense.

1)Shehashadthepenfor2years.2)Shehaswrittenmanycompositionswiththispen.3)Shehasbeenwritingcompositionswiththispen.stateverbactionverbactionverb

Examples

()IhavenevervisitedAmerica.()IhavealreadybeentoAmerica.()IhaveneverbeenvisitingAmerica.√√×

Examples

5.Weusethepresentperfecttense,notthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,withthewordslikenever,yet,alreadyandever.

()1.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he_________usmuchimpression.A.hadn’tleftB.didn’tleaveC.doesn’tleaveD.hasn’tleft

ExercisesD()2.________DadandVicky________married?A.Howlongwere,beingB.Howlong,haveC.Howlonghave,beenD.Howlongdid,get

C()3.Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It___________onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe

A

()4.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce____witheachother.A.