what和that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法與區(qū)別講義- 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法一、用法歸納1.表示“……的東西或事情”They’ve

done

what

they

can

to

help

her.他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。He

saves

what

he

earns.他賺多少，積蓄多少。What

Mary

is

is

the

secretary.瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書。表示“……的人或的樣子”He

is

no

longer

what

he

was.他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子。He

is

what

is

generally

called

a

traitor.他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。Who

is

it

that

has

made

Fred

what

he

is

now?是誰(shuí)把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？3.表示“……的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”O(jiān)ur

income

is

now

double

what

it

was

ten

years

ago.我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。The

number

of

the

students

in

our

school

is

ten

times

what

it

was

before

liberation.現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。4.表示“……的時(shí)間” After

what

seemed

like

hours

he

came

out

with

a

bitter

smile.似乎過了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來。The

young

girl

was

too

frightened

to

speak,

standing

there

for

what

seemed

like

hours.小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。5.表示“……的地方”This

is

what

they

call

Salt

Lake

City.這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。In

1492,

Columbus

reached

what

is

now

called

America.1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。二、用法說明(1)這樣用的what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞你喜歡什么就拿什么吧?！鶼ou

can

have

what

you

like./

You

can

have

everything

(that)

you

like.(2)有時(shí)what

可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個(gè)名詞I

gave

him

what

books

I

had.我把我所有的書都給他了。He

gave

me

what

money

he

had

about

him.他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。(3)

What

后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞誤：I

gave

him

what

book

I

had.(4)

What后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)可有l(wèi)ittle修飾。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，whatlittle+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。如：I

spent

what

time

I

had

with

her.我所有的時(shí)間都是與她一起度過的。I

spent

what

little

time

I

had

with

her.我僅有的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間都是與她一起度過的。Thehomeimprovementhastakenwhatlittlethereisofmysparetime.修繕房屋占用了我非常少的業(yè)余時(shí)間。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句用法that在名詞性從句中使用的“三不”原則即：that在從句中起連詞作用，不起語(yǔ)法功能，即不作任何成分，不含任何意義，不可省略。二、that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的特點(diǎn)◆that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句由連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在大多數(shù)情況下被放到句子的后面，用it作形式主語(yǔ)來代替它的位置。常見的以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句的句型有三種。it+be+形容詞+that從句適用于這種句型的常見形容詞有：necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising等。如：①It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp。很明顯，他們急需援助。②Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.很可能颶風(fēng)馬上就要來了。③It’spossiblethatwecancarryouttheprojectatlast.最終我們能完成這項(xiàng)工程是有可能的。?形容詞為necessary,strange,important,natural,vital,essential等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式一般為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。如：①Itisstrangethatheshouldhavekilledhimself.真奇怪，他竟然自殺了。②Itisnaturalthatababyshouldloveitsmother.孩子愛母親是天性。it+be+名詞詞組+that從句常用于此句型的名詞詞組有：afact,agoodidea,apity,anhour,ashame,nowonder,goodnews等①It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。②Tomhasabadcold.湯姆患了重感冒。Itisnowonderthathelookspale.難怪他看起來臉色蒼白。③Ititagreatshamethatheshouldhavestolenapen.他竟然偷鋼筆，真是太丟臉了。(shame所用的句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)it+be+過去分詞+that從句常有的過去分詞有：said,reported,hoped,believed,expected,decided,thought,suggested等。①Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。②It’sreportedthatthetwocountrieshavemadeanagreementabouttheirtrades.據(jù)報(bào)道這兩個(gè)國(guó)家就貿(mào)易問題達(dá)成協(xié)議。③It’ssaidthattherockethasbeensentoff

inthespacesuccessfully.據(jù)說火箭已經(jīng)成功地發(fā)射到宇宙中。?過去分詞表示：建議、命令、愿望如suggested,ordered,requested等詞時(shí)，從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。動(dòng)詞形式為：should＋原型。①ItisrequestedthatMr.Wang(should)giveaperformance.有人請(qǐng)求王先生表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。②Itissuggestedthatweshoulddiscusstheproblem.有人建議我們應(yīng)該討論一下這個(gè)問題。◆that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等時(shí)，或主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由形容詞afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表語(yǔ)的系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：①Hesaysthathewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.他說他想和校長(zhǎng)說話。②Ithinkthatweneedtobuysomemeatfortheparty.我認(rèn)為我們需要為聚會(huì)買些肉。③I’msorry（that）heisn'thererightnow．對(duì)不起，此刻他不在。從句的引導(dǎo)詞that能省略嗎？that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用來陳述事實(shí)，that本身無詞義，在從句中不作任何成分，在口語(yǔ)中常常省略。例如：①Iguesssomebodyelsehasborrowedit.我猜是別的人把它借走了。②I’mafraidyou'llhavetowait.恐怕你得等一下。?注意：從句前面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略；如果有兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that也不能省略。例如：①Shemaytellyou,forexample,thatsheisinterestedinChinese.例如，她可能會(huì)告訴你，她對(duì)漢語(yǔ)感興趣。②MrReadsaid（that）hetaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolinBeijingandthathecamefromAustralia.里德先生說他在北京的一所中學(xué)教英語(yǔ)，他來自澳大利亞?！魌hat引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的常用句式：①Ithappensthat….Itappearsthathehasgonemad。他好像是瘋了。②Itappearsthat….Itappearsthathehasknowthetruthoftheaccident.似乎他已經(jīng)了解事故的真相。③Itseemsthat….Itseemsthatshehasbeeninlove.她似乎已經(jīng)陷入了愛河。④Itturnsoutthat….Itturnsoutthatthesituationisquiteserious.形勢(shì)結(jié)果是相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的。⑤Itprovesthat….Itprovesthathispromiseiswrong.。他的預(yù)言證明是錯(cuò)誤的。⑥Thereasonisthat…Thereasonisthathehasnotpassedtheexam.原因是他考試沒有及格?！魌hat