2023年人教版中考英語完形填空解題技巧

中考英語完形填空解題技巧完形填空是中考英語常見的題型之一，即選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組完成文章，完形填空題的兩空之間一般相隔710個(gè)詞，短文第一個(gè)句子一般不設(shè)填空題。四字口訣：把握全文明主線固定搭配記心間原詞再現(xiàn)莫錯(cuò)過上下求索是關(guān)鍵完形解題思路：先跳過空格，讀下文章，理解文章大意細(xì)讀文章，先不看選項(xiàng)，試著把空填上再看文章，填上選項(xiàng)做完后記得讀一讀，不要立馬丟掉整理知識(shí)點(diǎn)多練習(xí)，不要畏懼完形填空解題技巧：完形填空題首句往往不設(shè)空，往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句，或者稱為主導(dǎo)句，要充分利用完形填空題首句的提示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，從而展開思維。完形填空首先是一個(gè)閱讀的過程，必須把握作者的思路，通過聯(lián)想、推測(cè)等方法，使自己的思維模式與作者的思維模式相吻合。通讀全文，理順大意，根據(jù)上下文找出信息詞是做好填空題的關(guān)鍵。對(duì)詞法、句法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考察也是完形填空的命題角度之一。對(duì)于這種題，要針對(duì)性地對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、對(duì)短文中所設(shè)空格中需填的詞在句中作什么成分、哪類詞合適、應(yīng)采取什么形式等分析思考。5.利用背景文化和生活常識(shí)解題做題時(shí)，積極調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，注意中西方文化的差別。如：表示結(jié)果層次的語篇標(biāo)志firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等；表邏輯關(guān)系的有thus,therefore,so等；表改變?cè)掝}的有bytheway等。弄清這些語篇標(biāo)志詞，就能理清上下文的關(guān)系。對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考察主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面。六種常用方法：一、主謂一致判斷法在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，因此必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。我們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí)，會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到要靠主謂一致判斷法來確定選項(xiàng)的情況。尋找其規(guī)律，大致可分為三個(gè)原則：即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近原則。例：...Ashorttimeago,atest_____givenintheUnitedStates....Theresultsshowedthatifaperson_____arightbreakfast,heorshewillworkbetterthanheorshewhohasnobreakfast...二、固定句式判斷法固定句式，就是英語中一些常見的固定句型，像：therebe舉行;not...until句型;Ittakes/tooksb.+金錢/時(shí)間+todosth.句型;It’s+形容詞+(forsb.)todosth,句型;too...to句型等。記住并靈活運(yùn)用這些固定句式，在做完型填空時(shí)是很有用的，可以輕松快速幫助我們排除一些干擾因素，更快、更準(zhǔn)的選擇答案。Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosertosomeone._____isnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laughanddothingswith...三、固定搭配法固定句型和短語搭配不僅是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是完型填空測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。固定搭配形式較多，有名詞短語搭配、動(dòng)詞短語搭配、介詞短語搭配等，這些固定搭配都是語言在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展和演變過程中形成的，是語言的精華，我們只有在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中認(rèn)真積累，做題時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。做這類題時(shí)，不需要特別的分析，就能鎖定正確的答案。FromMondaytoFridaymostpeoplearebusyworkingorstudying,butintheeveningandweekendstheyarefreeand_____themselves.SomewatchTVorgotothemovies;otherstakepart_____sports.Thisisdecidedbytheirowninterests...[例1]Onthetrain,Tomwaslooking___1___forhisticketbecausetheconductorwasing__2____tohisticket.1.A.out B.forward C.anywhere D.everywhere2.A.down B.up C.in D.on[例2]WheneverI’m______,Istilllookbackatthatyearbook.A.away B.out C.behind D.down三、上下文暗示法上下文暗示法分為上文語境暗示法和下文語境暗示兩種。在做完型填空是，我們會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到此類題目，若無上下文的提示，我們根本無法做出正確的選擇;但是我們可以根據(jù)上下文的一些提示性的引導(dǎo)詞判斷上下文和空格部分的關(guān)系，從而做出正確的選擇。MarkTwain,afamousAmericanwriter,wasoncetravelinginFrance.HewentbytraintoDijon.Hewasverytiredandwantedto_____.HeaskedtheconductortowakehimupwhenthetraingottoDijon.Butfirsthesaidhewasaheavysleeper...1.A.read B.write C.drink [例1]WhatdoIrememberaboutmychildhood?Thereweregoodthingsandbadthings.Weusedtolive______,andmyparentsalwaysgotupearlyinthemorningtofeedthecowsandsheep.A.inatown B.onafarm C.onabusystreet D.inacity[例2]Ialwaysrememberwakinguptothesmellofthebreakfastmymotherwascooking.Whatawonderfulsmell!Iusedto_______,washquicklyandrundownstairs.Mybreakfastwouldbewaitingformeonthetable.A.leavethebed B.lieinbed C.jumpoutofbed D.getup[例3]Ihonormyaunt,whotaughtmethethingsmy____couldn’t.soeveryJuneforthepast40years,ingrowingthankfulnesstomyAuntMarion,I’vesentheraFather’sDaycard.A.Teachers B.mother C.father D.friends四、邏輯推理法邏輯推理法也叫語境推測(cè)法，是我們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí)使用的十分重要的方法之一。完型填空是一篇有完整內(nèi)容的文章，各行各段之間有著邏輯上的必然聯(lián)系。在所提供的選項(xiàng)中，有的從語法角度是正確的，從語義上考慮就會(huì)自相矛盾，出現(xiàn)不合邏輯的現(xiàn)象。這時(shí)應(yīng)從文章和句子入手，對(duì)語法無誤的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)通過分析對(duì)比，選出最符合上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的答案。Whenyouwaveafriend,youareusingsign(手勢(shì))languages.Whenyousmileatsomeone,youmeantobe_____.Whenyouputonefingerinfrontofyour_____,youmean“Bequiet.”Yet,peopleindifferentcountriesmayusedifferentsignlanguages.OnceanEnglishmanwasinItaly.HecouldspeakalittleItalian.Onedaywhilehewaswalkinginthestreet,hefelt_____andwentintoarestaurant...*邏輯關(guān)系詞分為因果，并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，否則。[例1]Formorethansixtyyears,AuntMariondidn’tandstilldon’tthinkofherself.________sheisforcedtoeuptothefront,myauntwillstandinthebackinfamilyphotos,andshedoesn’tthinkthathereffortshavemademuch…A.Unless B.Although C.Since D.Before五、詞義辨析法詞義辨析法考查的面廣，該內(nèi)容也是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。在完型填空中出現(xiàn)這一類題目，如果要求做到準(zhǔn)確選擇，必須在一定的語境或句子中理解，這種考查方式和辨析也是目前完形填空題在中考中考查的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)，所以這一方法是我們必須要掌握的。詞義辨析法包括各種詞性的考查，如名詞、介詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等。InEngland,peopledon’tlike_____verymuch.Youcangoonabus,_____onatrain,andpeoplejustsitlooking_____thewindows.Oftentheyread.Theyreadbooksandnewspapers.Buttheydon’ttalk...3.A.fromB.throughC.atD.outof[例1]AJapanesemanageroncesaidhehimselfandhisworkerswouldallstandwhiletheywerehavingmeetings.Doyou_________whathemeans?think B.guess C.know D.understand[例2]“Well,ifyouchangeyourmind,wearemeetingtomorrow,”hesaidbeforemovingtoanothertable.Allthatright,Ithoughtaboutthe________fromJeff.A.advice B.chance C.message D.offer七．情感態(tài)度法較難題，其中形容詞，副詞中分為三種情感：(1)正情感：happyamazing等(2)零情感：fastslowsurprising等(3)負(fù)情感：sadfailure等[例1]Laterthatday,IhappenedtopassJeffinthediningroom.Iofferedhima_________“congratulations”andwalkedtomyusualtable.Tomysurprise,Jeffputhisplatebesidemine.A.polite B.loud C.warm D.cheerful[例2]Amongthem,aweakboywithuglyteethandthickglasseskeptshaking.Ihadseenhimaround,andIknewhewasalwayslaughedat.Heseemedunsureofhimself,andwassopalethatit_____ustolookathim.38.A.worried B.surprised C.taught D.hurt真題演練（2020·湖北黃石）閱讀下面的材料，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。LastMonday,ateachernamedCelinacheerfullyaskedherstudentswhattheirweekendswerelike.Aboysaidthathehadspenta___1___weekend—hehadhisteeth___2___outandtheystillhurt.“Whydoyoualwaysseemtobesohappy?”heasked.Hearingthe___3___,Celinaansweredwithasmile,“Everymorning,youhaveachoiceabouthowyouwilltreatyourwholeday.I___4___tobecheerful.”“Andtodayismyluckyday.”sheadded.“___5___?”thewholeclasswerecurious(好奇的).“Thismorning,I___6___amobikeandrodetoschoolasusual.Suddenly,themobikedidn’twork,soIhadtogoanotherkilometerdowntheroad.”“Themobikeisbrokenandit’syourluckyday?”Thestudentswere___7___.“Whatdoyoumean,Celina?”onegirlasked.“Itbrokedownaquarterbeforeclass,soIleftitataproperplaceand___8___theroad.Youknow,it’sspringnow.Thebeautifulflowers,greentreesandsweetbirdsongsweregreetingmealltheway.SoIhadthechancetoenjoythem.It___9___metenminutestoarriveandIwasstillabletoteachmyclassontime.”Thestudents’eyesopenedwide,andthentheysmiled.Celinasmiledback.Somehow,herstorytouchedthem.Shewashappyandsatisfiedthattheyhadaperfectchancetoconsider___10___inanewway.A．busy B．satisfying C．terrible D．meaningfulA．pulled B．pushed C．washed D．cleanedA．suggestion B．question C．decision D．introductionA．fail B．seem C．hate D．chooseA．Who B．When C．Why D．HowA．unlocked B．bought C．lent D．madeA．surprised B．bored C．patient D．nervousA．walkedthroughB．walkeddown C．walkedacross D．walkedintoA．paid B．spent C．cost D．tookA．dream B．purpose C．luck D．wish（2021·湖北黃石）Anoldsayinggoes,“WheninRome(羅馬),doastheRomansdo.”IlearnedthemeaningofthiswhenIstudiedinRussia.OnedayI___11___someofmyChinesefriendstoafamouslocalrestaurantinMoscow.MyguestsandIwereexcitedfromvisitingRedSquareandhappyaboutourmeeting.Wechatted___12___untilthewaitertoldmethatweweretalkingtooloud.Weturnedourvoiceslower.Butthisdidn’tlastlong.Thewaitercameovertoustwomoretimeswiththesame___13___.Howbadanimpression(印象)wemusthaveleftonthelocalpeople!InChina,it’snaturaland___14___forahost(主人)tomakealivelyatmosphere(氣氛).However,inRussiaandwesterncountries,havingamealinapublicplacemeansyoumust___15___yourvoicelow.Youneedtobepolitetoothers.Ifelt___16___aboutthis.Eventhoughwetriedourbest,it’sverydifficulttoformanewhabit.Russianshavetheirownspecialhabits.MyRussianfriend,Andreyalwayslooksaroundandthinksforawhilebeforeleavinghome.Iaskedhim___17___hedidthis.“Aha,”Andreysaid,“InRussia,peoplealwaysspendaboutaminute___18___thingsandplansintheirmindsbeforeleaving.Sotheywon’tleave__19___necessarybehind.Findingthedifferencesbetween___20___isveryinteresting.I’dliketokeepmyeyesandmindopen.A．made B．invited C．told D．taughtA．SurprisinglyB．friendly C．warmly D．carefullyA．message B．menu C．meal D．foodA．different B．serious C．important D．interestingA．take B．remain C．have D．keepA．bad B．strange C．a(chǎn)ngry D．nervousA．how B．when C．why D．whereA．goingaroundB．goingover C．goingon D．goingforA．nothing B．something C．everything D．a(chǎn)nythingA．friends B．knowledge C．people D．cultures（2022·湖北黃石）Longlongago,therelivedateacherinasmallvillage.Heoften____21____hisstudentsinspecialways.Onedayhesentfourofhisstudentstogotoasmallfarmtoseeappletreesin____22____seasons.Thefirststudentwentinwinter,thesecondinspring,thethirdinsummer,andthelastinautumn.Afterthefourstudents____23____back,theteachercalledthemtogether.Theypictured（描述）their____24____totheteacher.Thefirststudentsaidthattherewerenoleavesonthetrees.Itmadehimfeelvery____25____.Thesecondstudent____26____,“Whatareyoutalkingabout?Myeyeswerefulloflightgreen.Itmademefeelhopeful.”Thethirdonecouldn’twaittosayexcitedly,“Howprettythetreeswere!Ifeltsorelaxed.Thesweetsmellofthe____27____spreadhereandthereattracting（吸引）manybeesandbutterflies.”Hearingthesewords,thelastoneshookhishead.Hesaidhegotastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenhesawalotofapplesont