直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

BY:EDWARDGrammar:Direct&IndirectSpeech

引述別人的話語(yǔ)一般采用兩種方式:一是原封不動(dòng)地引用原話,把它放在括號(hào)內(nèi),這叫直接引語(yǔ)(Directspeech);一是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,這叫間接引語(yǔ)(Indirectspeech)直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)陳述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.一：不同句式結(jié)構(gòu)的變化直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)一般疑問(wèn)句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)特殊疑問(wèn)句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.wh-詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”不定式ordered/told/askedTheofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)Let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句

Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)感嘆句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”that/what/how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.或Hesaidhowhappyhewas.二：

時(shí)態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),有時(shí)會(huì)引時(shí)態(tài)的變化,注意以下幾個(gè)方面:直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般過(guò)去時(shí)Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid,“Ihavebeen

doingitforhours.”過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaidhehadbeen

doingitforhours.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?一般過(guò)去時(shí)“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.過(guò)去完成時(shí)HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.

直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?過(guò)去完成時(shí)“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.過(guò)去完成時(shí)JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.

直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)主句動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞為:從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化從句動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?一般將來(lái)時(shí)Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.想一想：“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth”theastronomersaid.Isaid“Iwasborninmarch,1950”.三：特殊情況：下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變:1.不變的真理

Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.2.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：

Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”

→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.歷史事件：

Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”

→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：

Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等可能要變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/hereExercise1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.heatetoldhadFoundhisshehadtakenrisesgoestoldhadbefore6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.hadbeforehadthere8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.ifaskedtoldbeforecouldshehowhad11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________maki