挑戰(zhàn)練02 閱讀理解(推理判斷題)(解析版)-2020-2021學年下學期高一英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)

2020~2021學年下學期高一英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)02閱讀理解(推理判斷題)1Procrastinators(拖延癥患者)，takenote:Ifyou’vetriedbuildingself-controlandyou’restillputtingthingsoff,maybeyouneedtotrysomethingdifferent.Onenewapproach:Checkyourmood.Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.Butthepattern,whichresearcherscall“givingintofeelgood,”makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort,saysTimothyPychyl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarletonUniversity.Increasingly,psychologistsandtime-managementconsultantsarefocusingonanewstrategy:helpingprocrastinatorsseehowattemptsatmoodrepairaredestroyingtheireffortsandlearntocontroltheiremotionsinmoreproductiveways.Thenewapproachisbasedonseveralstudiesinthepasttwoyearsshowingthatnegativeemotionscandamageattemptsatself-control.Itfillsagapamongestablishedtime-managementmethods,whichstressbehavioralchangessuchasadoptinganeworganizingsystemordoingexercisestobuildwillpower.Researchershavecomeupwithaplaybookofstrategiestohelpprocrastinatorsturnmoodrepairtotheiradvantage.Somearetried-and-trueclassics:Dr.Pychyladvisesprocrastinatorstojustgetstarted,andmakethedoorstepforgettingstartedquitelow.“Procrastinatorsaremorelikelytoputthetechniquetousewhentheyunderstandhowmoodrepairworks,”saysDr.Pychyl,authorofa2013book,“SolvingtheProcrastinationPuzzle.”Headds,“Arealmotivepowercomesfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.”Healsoadvisesprocrastinatorstopractice“timetravel”—projectingthemselvesintothefuturetoimaginethegoodfeelingstheywillhaveafterfinishingatask,orthebadonestheywillhaveiftheydon’t.Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.ThomasFlintlearnedaboutthetechniquebyreadingresearchonself-control,includingstudiesbyDr.SiroisandDr.Pychyl.Heputittouseafterhisfamilymovedrecentlytoanewhouse.Insteadofbeatinghimselfupforfailingtounpackalltheboxesgatheredinhisgaragerightaway,Mr.Flintdecidedtoforgivehimselfandstartwithasinglestep.I’dsay,"OK,I’mgoingtotakeanhour,withagoalofgettingtheTVsetup,andthat'sit,hesays;thenhewatchedaTVshowasareward.Allowinghimselftodothetaskinstages,hesays,is“avictory.”1.WhatdoesTimothyPychylmeanbymentioningthe“givingintofeelgood”practiceinParagraph2?A.Itprobablydoesmoreharmthangood.B.Itpreventsprocrastinatorsfromgivingup.C.Ithelpsprocrastinatorsmeetthedeadline.D.Iteffectivelydrivesawayanxietyandworry.2.WheredoesarealmotivepowercomefromaccordingtoDr.Pychyl?A.Stickingtoone’sintention.B.Doingthingsthatreallymatter.C.Gettingstartedfromalowdoorstep.D.Learningimportanttechniquesofmoodrepair.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepractice“timetravel”?A.Tomaketheirfutureplanmorepractical.B.Toacceleratethespeedoffinishingthetask.C.Tostoppeoplefromworryingabouttheirtravel.D.Tofreepeoplefromthepresentnegativeemotions.4.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelWohlstudy?A.Self-blamepreventsstudentsfromputtingthingsoff.B.Procrastinatorsarestillabletogetgoodscoresinexams.C.Universityfreshmencangetridofprocrastinationeasily.D.Self-forgivenessisaneffectivewaytocureprocrastination.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了拖延癥患者拖延的原因，以及一些改變它的方法。1.詞句猜測題。根據劃線部分后面的“makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort”（當拖延者面臨錯過最后期限或在最后一刻做出努力的后果時，會讓他們感覺更糟。）可知，givingintofeelgood是一種不好的情況，它會讓拖延癥患者感覺更糟糕。再結合上文的“Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.”（通常，拖延者試圖通過一些旨在修復情緒的活動來避免因艱巨任務而引起的焦慮或擔憂，比如查看Facebook或小睡一會兒。）可推知，劃線部分指的是看起來有好處,但實則危害更多的活動。A項“比起好處來它可能有更多危害”符合以上說法。故選A。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段的“Headds,“Arealmotivepowercomesfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.””（他補充說：“真正的動力來自于做我們想做的事——對我們來說很重要的事。”）可知，Pychyl認為真正的動力來源于做對我們來說真正重要的事。故選B。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段的“Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.”（這治愈了拖拉者陷入當前焦慮和憂慮而無法思考未來的傾向。）可知，“時間旅行”的目的是把人們從現在的消極情緒中解放出來。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.”（另一種情緒修復策略，自我原諒，旨在消除自責?？栴D大學（Carleton）心理學副教授邁克爾?沃爾（MichaelWohl）最近領導的一項研究表明，大學新生原諒自己在一門課程的第一次考試中拖延時間，而在下一次考試中拖延時間較少。）可知，大學生原諒自己在一門課程的第一次考試拖延后，下一次拖延的時間更少了。由此推知，自我原諒是治療拖延癥的有效方法。故選D。2TheexactlocationfromwhereVincentvanGoghislikelytohavepaintedhisfinalmasterpiece,perhapsjusthoursbeforehisdeath,hasbeendeterminedwiththehelpofapostcard.ThesceneinTreeRoots,apaintingoftrunks(樹干）androotsgrowingonahillside,wasfirstspottedonacarddatingfrom1900to1910byVanderVeen,thescientificdirectoroftheInstituteVanGogh.

Followingacomparativestudyofthepainting,thepostcardandthecurrentconditionofthehillside,

researchersconcludedthatitwashighlypossiblethattheplacewhereVanGoghmadehisfinal

brushstrokeshadbeenunearthed.Themaintrunkinthepaintinghassurvivedthe130yearssincetheDutchmaster’sdeath.IthaslongbeenbelievedthatVanGoghhadbeenworkingonTreeRootsshortlybeforehetookhisownlifewitha

shottothechest.AndriesBonger,thebrother-in-lawofVanGough'sbrotherTheo,haddescribedina

letterhowthe“morningbeforehisdeath”VanGoghhad“paintedaforestscene,fullofsunandlife”Van

derVeensaid,

t4ThesunlightpaintedbyVanGoghsuggeststhatthelastbrushstrokeswerepaintedtowards

theendoftheafternoon.”TeioMeedendorp,aseniorresearcherattheVanGoghMuseum,saidthespot,some150metersfromthehotelwhereVanGoghhadstayedthelast70daysofhislife,wouldlikelyhavebeenpassedona

numberofoccasionsbyhim.

“Thesceneonthepostcardshowsveryclearsimilaritiestotheshapeofthe

roots

on

VanGogh’spainting,”hesaid.“Hemustoftenhavepassedbythelocationwhengoingtothe

fieldsbehindthecastleofAuvers,wherehepaintedseveraltimesduringthelastweekofhislifeandwhere

hewouldtakehisownlife.”5.WhatisTreeRoots?A.Atrunk.B.Ahillside.C.Adrawing.D.A

postcard.6.WhatdoweknowaboutVanGoghaccordingtothetext?A.Hehadacloserelationshipwithhisbrother.B.Whathedrewinhispaintingsallcamefromreallife.C.Hewasworkingonhisartworkshortlybeforekillinghimself.D.Hewassosickinhislastdaysthathespentallthetimeinahotel.7.WheredidVanGoghkillhimselfaccordingtoTeioMeedendorp?A.Inthefields. B.Inalocalhotel.C.InthecastleofAuvers. D.Inthesceneonthepostcard.8.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberafamouspainter.VanGogh.B.TointroduceVanGogh'slifeandhisworks.C.TodescribetheinfluenceofVanGoghinart.D.TotelltheplaceinVanGogh’slastpainting.【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了專家們通過明信片中的線索發(fā)現了梵高最后一幅畫作《樹根》的實景地點。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“ThesceneinTreeRoots,apaintingoftrunks(樹干）androotsgrowingonahillside,wasfirstspottedonacarddatingfrom1900to1910byVanderVeen,thescientificdirectoroftheInstituteVanGogh.(TreeRoots里的場景，生長在山坡上的樹干和樹根的一幅畫，首次被梵高研究學院研究員VanderVeen發(fā)現在大概是來自1900年至1910年代的明信片上)”可知，TreeRoots為一幅畫的名字。故選C。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“IthaslongbeenbelievedthatVanGoghhadbeenworkingonTreeRootsshortlybeforehetookhisownlifewithashottothechest.(據認為梵高在朝自己的胸口開了一槍之前一直在畫TreeRoots這幅畫)”可知，他自殺前一直在創(chuàng)作《樹根》。故選C。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一句話“HemustoftenhavepassedbythelocationwhengoingtothefieldsbehindthecastleofAuvers,wherehepaintedseveraltimesduringthelastweekofhislifeandwherehewouldtakehisownlife.(當去城堡后面的田野時，他肯定經常路過這個地方，在他生命的最后一周，他在那里畫過幾次畫，并在那里結束了自己的生命)”可知，他在田野里結束了自己的生命。故選A。8.推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“TheexactlocationfromwhereVincentvanGoghislikelytohavepaintedhisfinalmasterpiece,perhapsjusthoursbeforehisdeath,hasbeendeterminedwiththehelpofapostcard.(梵高在死前幾個小時所作的最后一幅巨作的真實地點在一張明信片的幫助下被確定了)”以及接下來的內容可知，文章的主要目的是告訴讀者梵高最后一幅畫作所繪畫的地點被確定了。故選D。3Father’sDay,aboxybrightredboat,wasdesignedandmadebyHugoVihlen.Ithadnoroomforunnecessarythingsandonlyverylimitedroomforhim.Vihlenoncemadean84-daycrossingoftheAtlanticOceanin1968.Itwasthenthesmallestboattohavemadethejourney.ThesailingboatAprilFoolwas5feetand11incheslong.ButTomMcNallybroketheworldrecordin1993bycrossingtheAtlanticinaboatthatwas5feetand4.5incheslong.Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.ThistimehewasinFather’sDay,hishome-builtboat,whichwashalfaninchshorterthanMcNally’s.Duringhiscrossing,Hugohadtosleeponhisbackwithhiskneesbent.Hewokeeveryhourtocheckhisheadingdirectionandgeneralsailingconditions.AfterfacingeverythingtheAtlanticOceancouldthrowathim,andsomecloseencounterswithlargeships,HugofinallyarrivedinFalmouth105dayslater.Hecouldhardlywalkandhadlost34poundsinweight,buthehadregainedhisrecord.HisreceptiononarrivalinFalmouthwashardlyahero’swelcome.Oneofthewaitingjournalistsfoundhimapizzatoeatwhilehisboatwastakentoalocalsailingboatclub.Whentheyarrivedatthesailingclubforacelebrationtea,theyfoundtheclubdosed.Hefeltapityforthat.Butluckily,amemberofthepublicbroughtabottleofchampagnetotoasthissuccess.9.WhydidHugoVihlencrosstheAtlanticinhisboatin1993?A.Totesthisnewlybuiltboat. B.TomakeFather’sDayfamous.C.Todrawpublicattentiontosailing. D.TobreakTomMcNally’sworldrecord.10.WhatcanwelearnaboutHugoVihlen’scrossingtheAtlanticOcean?A.Ittookhalfayear. B.Itwasverydifficultanduncomfortable.C.ItwasbeyondHugoVihlen’sexpectation. D.ItmadeHugoVihlenseriouslyinjuredafewtimes.11.HowwasHugoVjhlen’sreceptiononarrivalinFalmouth?A.Itattractedagreatdealofmediaattention. B.Itfinallyturnedintoasimplecelebration.C.Itwasarrangedinaseriousway. D.Itwasexactlyahero’swelcome.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThelegendofFather’sDay.B.Anunexpectednewworldrecord.C.CelebrationofHugoVihlen’sgreatachievement.D.HugoVihlen’s’storyofsailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.【答案】9.D10.B11.B12.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了HugoVihlen為了重獲世界記錄，開啟了一次橫渡大西洋的活動，講述了他在橫渡時的經歷和他到達目的地法爾茅斯后的情況。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“ButTomMcNallybroketheworldrecordin1993bycrossingtheAtlanticinaboatthatwas5feetand4.5incheslong.(但是TomMcNally在1993年打破了這項世界紀錄，他駕駛一艘長5英尺4.5英寸的船橫渡大西洋)”以及第三段中“Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.(為了重新獲得這項世界紀錄，Hugo在同一年晚些時候獨自出發(fā)，從紐芬蘭橫渡大西洋到法爾茅斯)”可知，HugoVihlen在1993年乘船橫渡大西洋是為了打破TomMcNally的世界紀錄。故選D。10.推理判斷題。根據第四段“Duringhiscrossing,Hugohadtosleeponhisbackwithhiskneesbent.Hewokeeveryhourtocheckhisheadingdirectionandgeneralsailingconditions.AfterfacingeverythingtheAtlanticOceancouldthrowathim,andsomecloseencounterswithlargeships,HugofinallyarrivedinFalmouth105dayslater.Hecouldhardlywalkandhadlost34poundsinweight,buthehadregainedhisrecord.(橫渡時，Hugo只好彎著膝蓋平躺著睡覺。他每小時醒來一次，檢查航向和總體航行情況。在面對了大西洋可能拋給他的一切，以及幾次與大型船只的近距離接觸后，Hugo終于在105天后抵達法爾茅斯。他幾乎無法行走，體重下降了34磅，但他又再次獲得紀錄)”可知，HugoVihlen穿越大西洋非常困難和不舒服。故選B。11.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“HisreceptiononarrivalinFalmouthwashardlyahero’swelcome.Oneofthewaitingjournalistsfoundhimapizzatoeatwhilehisboatwastakentoalocalsailingboatclub.Whentheyarrivedatthesailingclubforacelebrationtea,theyfoundtheclubdosed.Hefeltapityforthat.Butluckily,amemberofthepublicbroughtabottleofchampagnetotoasthissuccess.(他在抵達法爾茅斯時受到的接待很難說是英雄般的歡迎。一位等待的記者給他找了一份比薩餅吃，而他的船則被帶到了當地的一個帆船俱樂部。當他們到達帆船俱樂部喝慶祝茶時，發(fā)現俱樂部里的人都喝醉了。他為此感到很可惜。但幸運的是，一位市民帶來了一瓶香檳酒，為他的成功慶祝)”可知，HugoVihlen到達法爾茅斯時，接待最后變成了一個簡單的慶祝活動。故選B。12.主旨大意題。根據第三段中“Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.(為了重新獲得這項世界紀錄，Hugo在同一年晚些時候獨自出發(fā)，從紐芬蘭橫渡大西洋到法爾茅斯)”結合文章主要講述了HugoVihlen為了重獲世界記錄，開啟了一次橫渡大西洋的活動，講述了他在橫渡時的經歷和他到達目的地法爾茅斯后的情況。可知，文章主要講的是HugoVihlen橫渡大西洋的故事。故選D。4Digitaltechnology（數字技術）hasmadelifeeasierformostpeople.Withasmartphoneinhand,peoplecanshoponline,watchTVshowsandarrangeataxi.ZhuYiwei,17,fromAnhuiprovince,wantedhisgrandfathertohaveaccesstothisconvenience,soheboughthimanewphoneasagift.Buthisgrandfatherstillusesthephonejustforcallingandmessaging.“Hesaidotherfunctionsmakehimconfused,”saidZhu.Thisisacommonproblemfacedbytheelderlyinthedigitalage.AlthoughChinaalreadyhasmorethan900millioninternetusers,amongthem,thoseaged60andabovemakeupjust6.7percent,accordingtotheStatisticalReportonInternetDevelopment.Eventhoughtheelderlyhaveaccesstotheinternet,theymainlydoitforcommunicationandinformationacquisition（獲取），accordingtoasurveybytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Otherservicesarestillstrangetothem.That’swhyelderlypeoplearesometimescalled“digitalrefugees（難民）”.Forexample,sincetheCOVID-19pandemic,peopleareoftenaskedtoshowagreenhealthcodeontheirphonetogetintopublicplaces.Butmostelderlypeopledon'tusesmartphones.Eveniftheyhaveone,manydon'tknowhowtooperateit,People'sDailynoted.“Wehavemadealifelongcontributiontosociety,butnowwefeelabandonedbyit,”a75-year-oldBeijingresidentsurnamedBaitoldtheGlobalTimes.Fortheelderly,onewayofmasteringdigitaltechnologyistolearnfromyoungerfamilymembers.However,notalloftheseyoungerpeoplehavethepatienceortimetoteachtheelderly.Inaddition,agingresultsinmanyphysicalproblems,suchasweakeyesightandbadmemory.Thismakesithardertousesmartphones.ThegovernmentandotherorganizationsinChinaaretryingtohelp.SeeYoung,aBeijing-basedNGO,aimstohelpChina'selderlyusemobileservices.Studentvolunteershavebeenprovidingfreecomputerandsmartphonetrainingforelderlypeopleinover200communitiesacrossthecountry.ZhaoJingchuan,17,fromXi'anGaoxinNo1HighSchool,andhisteammembersalsotriedtohelp.Thisyear,theirdraftproposal（草擬提案）wasbroughttothetwosessions.Theysuggestedmorewaystohelpintroducethetechnologytotheoldergeneration,includingsendingmanuals(手冊），offeringtechnicalsupport,andcybersecurity(網絡安全）education.13.WhyisZhuYiwei'sexamplementionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Topraisehimforcaringfortheelderly.B.Toshowhowtheelderlyusephones.C.Totellabouthowtheyoungandtheelderlygetalong.D.Topresentthetopicofthedifficultieselderlypeoplefaceinthedigitalage.14.Elderlypeoplearesometimescalled“digitalrefugees”because________.A.theyhardlyhaveopportunitiestousetheinternetB.theyhavetroubleusingdigitaltechnologyC.theyareunwillingtousenewtechnologyD.theydon'thavesuitabledigitalproducts15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandoned”probablymean?A.Attacked.B.Defeated.C.Leftbehind.D.Heldback.16.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Theexpectationsoftheelderlyinthedigitalage.B.Theadvantagesofdigitaltechnologyfortheelderly.C.Theeffortsmadetohelptheelderlyusetechnology.D.Thehelpyoungpeopleprovidedfortheelderly.【答案】13.D14.B15.C16.C【解析】本文為說明文。介紹了數字技術使大多數人的生活更容易了，但大多數老年人不會使用智能手機，針對這一現狀，政府、組織和個人都在為幫助老年人使用科技積極努力。13.推理判斷題。根據第二段“ZhuYiwei,…boughthimanewphoneasagift.Buthisgrandfatherstillusesthephonejustforcallingandmessaging.“Hesaidotherfunctionsmakehimconfused,”saidZhu.(17歲的朱一偉…給爺爺買了一部新手機作為禮物。但他的爺爺仍然只是用它來打電話和發(fā)短信。他說，別的功能讓他感到困惑)”可知，朱一偉為爺爺買了一部新手機，但是爺爺仍然只是用手機打電話和發(fā)短信，其他功能讓他感到困惑，所以該例子旨在提出老年人在使用智能手機上所面臨的困難，并引起下文，故選D。14.細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“EventhoughtheelderlyhaveaccesstotheInternet,theymainlydoitforcommunicationandinformationacquisition,accordingtoasurveybytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Otherservicesarestillstrangetothem.(據中國社會科學院的一項調查顯示，盡管老年人可以上網，但他們上網主要是為了交流和獲取信息。其他服務對他們來說仍然是陌生的)”可知，老年人有時被稱為“數字難民”，是因為老人上網除了交流和獲取信息之外，他們在使用數字技術方面有困難，故選B。15.詞義猜測題。根據上一段“Butmostelderlypeopledon'tusesmartphones.Eveniftheyhaveone,manydon'tknowhowtooperateit,People'sDailynoted.”可知，許多老年人不用智能手機，即使有，也不知道如何使用。以及本詞所在句“Wehavemadealifelongcontributiontosociety,butnowwefeelabandonedbyit”可知，對社會做出了一生的貢獻，but表示轉折，結合上文提到的老年人無法使用智能手機，故可以推出，他們感覺自己被社會遺棄了，相當于leftbehind，故選C。16.主旨大意題。根據倒數第二段“ThegovernmentandotherorganizationsinChinaaretryingtohelp(在中國，政府和其他組織正在努力提供幫助).”和最后一段“ZhaoJingchuan,17,fromXi’anGaoxinNo1HighSchool,andhisteammembersalsotriedtohelp(來自西安高新一中17歲的趙景川(音譯)和他的團隊成員也試圖提供幫助).”可知，最后兩段介紹了政府、其他組織和個人為幫助老年人使用科技所做出的努力，故選C。5Arecentstudysuggeststhere'snothingsoftaboutpink,asitisrevealedthatthepinkestflamingosarethetoughest.PublishedintheJournalEthology,arecentstudyfoundthatapinkcoloroffeatherswasagoodindicatorofhowaggressiveabirdwaswhenfeeding,aswellasasignofgoodhealthorasignalthatthebirdwasreadytobreed(繁育）.Forthestudy,researchersobservedthebehaviorofflamingosindifferentfeedingsituations,rangingfromsmallindoorspacestolargeoutdoorspaces,withorwithoutapool.Theyfoundthatcomparedtoindoorbirdscompetingforfoodfromabowl,theoutdoor-raisedflamingosspenttwiceasmuchastimesearchingforfood,sotheyhadlesstimetoshowaggressivebehaviors.Interestingly,theirfindingsalsorevealedthatwhentheraceforfoodturnedhot,thebirdsmostlikelytoappealtoarmswerethepinkest,whethertheyweremaleorfemale.“Thecolorofflamingoscomesfromtheirfood,morespecifically,fromthealgae(藻類）thattheyabsorbfromwater.Sothemorefoodtheyhave,thepinkerthebirdsare,”saidDr.PaulRose,fromtheUniversityofExeter,inastatement.“Flamingosliveinlargegroupswithcomplexstructures,inwhichcolorplaysanimportantrole.”Flamingosdon'thaveabreedingseason.Instead,theybreedwhentheyarehealthyenoughtodoso.Theirhealthisindicatedbythecolorofthefeathers,whichispinkerintheirprimeandpalerwhentheyweak.So,thesignalthatabirdisreadytobreedisdescribedasapinkflushinitsfeathers,whichgoesawaywhenthebirdparentsachickoralreadypassesitsbestreproductivetime.Ahealthypinkflamingowillhavemoretimeandenergytobeaggressiveanddominantwhenfeeding.Whenbirdshavetocrowdtogethertogettheirfood,theyfightmoreandthereforespendlesstimefeeding,leadingtothefadingcolorofflamingosthatarealreadyweak.“Andthisdefinitelyisunfavorablefortheirreproduction,”Rosesaid.Theresearchprovidesadirectionforzoostofeedtheirflamingosandkeepthemcontentandcolorful.Thatis,ensurecaptivebirdsarefedinawidespace,ascrowdedconditionsaremorelikelytoresultinfights.“Basedonmyobservations,Isuggestedsomechanges.Andthekeeperswerewillingtotrythemout.Asaresult,we'vegotpinker,morerelaxedflamingos,"saidDr.Rose.17.What'sthepurposeoftheauthorbywritingParagraph1?A.Toproposeanexample.B.Tomakeanargument.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Tointroducethetopic.18.Whichaspectofflamingosdidtheresearchersfocuson?A.Healthcondition.B.Socialstructures.C.Feedingactivities.D.Breedingactivities.19.Whatcanweinferabouttheflamingos'group?A.Bodysizedeterminesstatus.B.Familyistakenasabasicunit.C.Healthyflamingoscontrolthewholegroup.D.Pinkerflamingosenjoyabreedingadvantage.20.WhichmeasureofraisingflamingoswillDr.Rosesupport?A.Enlargingtheraisingspace.B.Raisingallflamingosindoors.C.Limitingthepopulationofagroup.D.Increasingthefrequencyofprovidingfood.【答案】17.D18.C19.D20.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章指出，一項研究表明火烈鳥羽毛的粉色程度能表明其進食時的侵略性，也能顯示出其健康狀況和繁育狀態(tài)。17.推理判斷題。根據第一段中“PublishedintheJournalEthology,arecentstudyfoundthatapinkcoloroffeatherswasagoodindicatorofhowaggressiveabirdwaswhenfeeding,aswellasasignofgoodhealthorasignalthatthebirdwasreadytobreed(繁育）.”可知，文章第一段指出，近期的一項研究表明火烈鳥羽毛的粉色程度能表明其進食時的侵略性以及健康狀況和繁育狀態(tài)，后文都是圍繞這一話題展開詳細闡述，顯然第一段的作用就是引出主題。故選D項。18.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Forthestudy,researchersobservedthebehaviorofflamingosindifferentfeedingsituations,rangingfromsmallindoorspacestolargeoutdoorspaces,withorwithoutapool.”(在這項研究中，研究人員觀察了火烈鳥在不同的進食環(huán)境下的行為，從小的室內空間到大的室外空間，有或沒有游泳池。)可知，該項研究中，研究人員主要是觀察不同環(huán)境下火烈鳥的進食行為，與C選項相符。故選C項。19.推理判斷題。根據第五段第二句“So,thesignalthatabirdisreadytobreedisdescribedasapinkflushinitsfeathers,whichgoesawaywhenthebirdparentsachickoralreadypassesitsbestreproductivetime.”(所以，火烈鳥準備繁殖的信號是它羽毛上的粉紅色，當它養(yǎng)育幼鳥或已經經過了最好的繁殖時間時，粉色就消失了。)可知，火烈鳥羽毛的粉色程度可以表明其是否適于進行繁育，與D選項“（羽毛）更粉的火烈鳥在繁育中占據優(yōu)勢”表達的含義邏輯上是相符的。故選D項。20.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中“Thatis,ensurecaptivebirdsarefedinawidespace,ascrowdedconditionsaremorelikelytoresultinfights.”(也就是說，要確保圈養(yǎng)的火烈鳥在一個廣闊的空間里喂食，因為擁擠的環(huán)境更容易導致打架)可知，該項研究能提供給動物園的參考是，保證火烈鳥的飼養(yǎng)區(qū)域范圍足夠寬廣，這應該正是Dr.Rose給出的建議內容，與A選項“擴大飼養(yǎng)空間”相符。故選A項。6Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyears,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.Butwhilethismayseemlikeagreatstepforwardinscience,somealsobelievethatit’sonestepbackwhenitcomestoethics(道德準則).InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突變)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.ThiswasdonewiththehelpofCRISPR,agene-editingtoolthatallowsscientiststo“cutandpaste”humanDNA.Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,theadvantagesofgeneeditinghavealreadybeentestedinlivingpatients.In2015,afive-month-oldgirlfromtheUKwassavedafterdoctorsusededitedcellstofightoffhercancer.Asoftoday,she’saliveandwell.AndintheUSAlastyear,scientistsmanagedtoremoveHIVcellsfromseveralpatientsbyeditingthegenesinsidetheirbodies.Somepeoplehopethatinthefuture,diseasesorbirthdefectscouldsimplybe"editedout”.However,othersbelievethiscouldleadtoso-calleddesignerbabies,givingparentstheoptiontochooseeverythingfromeyecolortointelligence.“Youcouldfindwealthyparentsbuyingthelatest“upgrades”fortheirchildren,leadingtoevengreaterinequalitythanwealreadylivewith,”MarcyCamovsky,directoroftheSanFranciscoCenterforGenetics,toldBBCNews.Inspiteoftheseethicalconcerns,expertssayit’snotpossibletocreatethe“perfect”humanbeing.Despitetheprogressscientistshavemade,wedon’tunderstandhumangenesenoughtogiveallunbornchildrengreatbrainpoweroramazingsingingabilities.“Rightnow,weknownothingaboutgeneticenhancement,”HankGreely,adirectoratStanfordUniversity,USA,toldTheNewYorkTimes.“We’renevergoingtobeabletosay,honestly,thisembryolookslikeitwouldscorehighonthetwo-partSAT.”Soitlookslikeifwewantgoodexamresults,ortoimpresspeoplewithourpianoskills,we’llhavetostickwiththeoldfashionedmethodofplainhardwork---atleastfornow.21.Theunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph1probablymeans________.A.record B.change C.remove D.increase22.Whatwasthefirstsuccessfulexampleofhumanembryogeneediting?A.Ageneticmutationrelatedtoheartdiseasewasremovedbyscientists.B.Anewbornbabywithcancerwassavedbyeditedcells.C.HIVcellswereremovedfrompatients9bodies.D.Somebirthdefectsweresimplyeditedout.23.Whydosomepeopleconsiderhumangeneeditingastepbackwards?A.Theydon’tthinkitisaneffectivewaytofightdiseases.B.Theyareconcernedthatitcouldleadtogeneticmutations.C.Theythinkitcouldleadtodesignerbabiesandincreasedinequality.D.Theyworrythatitcouldmakeparentsabandonchildrenwithbirthdefects.24.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Geneeditingisregardedastheperfectwaytotreatbirthdefects.B.Thereisstillalongwaytogotofullyunderstandhumangenes.C.Geneeditingcouldhelpenhancehumanintelligenceinthenearfuture.D.Scientistsarepessimistic(悲觀的)aboutthefutureofgeneediting.【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學家們多年來一直試圖找出如何改變人類的基因，來自美國和韓國的科學家合作成功地編輯了一個人類胚胎，雖然這看起來是科學上的一大進步，但也有人認為，在倫理上，這是倒退了一步。我們對人類基因的了解，還需要不斷探索。21.詞句猜測題。根據第一段中“InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突變)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.(據英國《衛(wèi)報》報道，今年8月，一組來自美國和韓國的科學家合作成功地編輯了一個人類胚胎，并移除了一個可能導致心臟病的基因突變)”可知，科學家可以編輯并改變人類胚胎基因。再根據本段劃線句子“Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyears,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.(科學家們多年來一直試圖找出如何alter人類的基因，看來他們終于破解了密碼)”可知，科學家一直試圖“改變”人類的基因，終于破解了密碼，在人類胚胎基因上取得突破，由此可知劃線詞詞義為“改變”。故選B。22.細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突變)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.(據英國《衛(wèi)報》報道，今年8月，一組來自美國和韓國的科學家合作成功地編輯了一個人類胚胎，并移除了一個可能導致心臟病的基因突變)”以及第二段中“Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,theadvantagesofgeneeditinghavealreadybeen