初中英語(yǔ) 七選五技巧

七選五技巧第1講主旨概括型根據(jù)考查對(duì)象的不同可以把主旨概括型題目分為兩類(lèi)：標(biāo)題句和主題句。標(biāo)題句短小精悍，多為名詞性短語(yǔ)或祈使句，用以總結(jié)文章或某個(gè)段落的主旨；主題句用以交代某段的中心思想。主旨概括句一般設(shè)在段首，考查考生的主旨概括能力。一般而言，短文首段給出中心句，其他各段有一個(gè)段落中心，均為中心句服務(wù)，形成總分關(guān)系。段落第一句為本段主題句，其他句為細(xì)節(jié)支撐句，各句通過(guò)意義或邏輯聯(lián)系起來(lái)，形成完整的段落。注意篇章布局，理清文章脈絡(luò)是解答此類(lèi)試題的關(guān)鍵。主題句具有一定的概括性，不涉及具體內(nèi)容。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)常常以偏概全，或與全文中心相悖。典題印證(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ片段)AGardenThat’sJustRightforYouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou，wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(總和)ofitsparts？36.Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.?37Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants，flowers，patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料)．38.However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC．It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE．StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF．Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden，tooG．Foreachofthosegardens，writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave37．答案A解析由該空所在位置可知這是一個(gè)小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段的前兩句可知不同的人做園藝有著不同的原因；結(jié)合本段倒數(shù)第二句“However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.”可知，我們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝。故選A。1Stressisapopularcauseofmajordiseasesaffectingpeopleworldwide.Itissocommonthatpeoplehavebegunaconsiderablesearchonthebestandeasiestwaystoreducestress.Breatheyourwaytorelax.Properbreathingcanbebeneficialespeciallywhenyouareatworkandjusthaveashorttimetospreadstressfulsituations.Breatheindeeplyfromthenoseandbreatheoutslowlyfromthemouthwhilecountingfromonetoten.1Youcantryoutdifferentonesandusetheonethathelpsyouthemost.2Regularrunnerssaythatthereisnobetterfeelingthantheoneyougetwhenyoufinishyourdailyrun.Exercisingisasure-firewayforyoutoremovestressfromyourlife.Regularexercisegivesyoutimetothinkthingsthoroughlyandcanalsoliftyourmood.3Eathealthily.Introducehealthierfoodintoyourdiet.4Itwillgiveyouenoughstrengthtofaceallthedailychallenges.Manageyourtimewisely.5Stickingtoyourschedulegivesyouagoaltoworkon.Italsohelpsyouavoidmissingoutondeadlineswhichareagreatsourceofstress.Managingyourtimewiselymeansmanagingyourstress.A．Pamperyourself.B．Exerciseregularly.C．Planyourdayaheadandsticktoit.D．Stresswillnaturallyappearduetothemodernwayoflife.E．Anadditionalbenefitofexercisingisthatitkeepsyoufitandhealthy!F．Therearemanybreathingexercisesyoumayuseinyoureverydaylife.G．Takemoreteainsteadofcoffeeandaddmoreenergy-givingproductstoyourdailymeals.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了如何減少生活中的壓力。)1．答案F解析根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Breatheyourwaytorelax.”及本空后的句子可知只有F項(xiàng)(在日常生活中有很多你可以用的呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng))最為恰當(dāng)。2．答案B解析根據(jù)本段中的“Regularrunners”和“Regularexercise”可知，本段是有關(guān)鍛煉的。此外，從文中可以看出，主題句都為祈使句，故選B項(xiàng)。3．答案E解析因?yàn)楸径蔚膬?nèi)容是有關(guān)鍛煉的，而E項(xiàng)中的exercising與鍛煉有關(guān)，故選E項(xiàng)。4．答案G解析因?yàn)楸径问桥c飲食有關(guān)，而G項(xiàng)中的tea，coffee，meals與飲食相關(guān)，故選G項(xiàng)。5．答案C解析根據(jù)“Manageyourtimewisely.”及下文的“Stickingtoyourschedule...”可知C項(xiàng)為本空答案。2FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceedWeallwanttosucceed，whetherit’sinlosingweightorlearningtheguitar.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed，successseemsdifficulttounderstand.Whydoesonepersonsucceedwhileanotherpersonfails？6?Identifyyourcorevalues.Findingyourcorevaluesisinlinewithcreatinginnermotivation.7Pickahandfulofthingsandactuallywritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseveryday，andreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.?Pickagoalandfocusonit.Chooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofaccomplishment，whileadjustingwelltoyourcorevalues.Focusiskeyhere.8Ifyouperformmanytasksatatime，youmightnevercompleteyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.?Setadeadlineforsuccess.Setadateforsuccess.Identifywhenyouhopetoachieveyourgoal.9Bysettingatimelimit，youaremakingtheprocessmorereal.?10Failurecan’tbeavoidedwhenyoutakerisks.Byitsverydefinition，thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don’tfallintothistrap!Rememberyourmindsetearlier.Knowitwillhappen.Afailureismerelyyouworkingoutthedetails，andlearningwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing，andmarchon!A．Sticktoyourgoal.B．Maketherightdecision.C．Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.D．Keepitrealistic，whilenotgivingyoutoomuchtime.E．I’vemadealistoffourhabitstohelpyousetgoalsandachievethem.F．Themorefocusedyouareononegoal，thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.G．Pushyourselftobecourageous，andtakethatnextstep.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講述的是四個(gè)有助于成功的習(xí)慣。)6．答案E解析從下文看是4個(gè)有助于成功的習(xí)慣，故選E項(xiàng)。7．答案C解析上一句講找出核心價(jià)值觀念很重要，下一句說(shuō)選出一些并寫(xiě)下來(lái)，故此處用C項(xiàng)“坐下想想一生中你最看重的是什么”與上下文銜接一致，故選C項(xiàng)。8．答案F解析從這段的標(biāo)題“Pickagoalandfocusonit.”可知是要專(zhuān)注于一個(gè)目標(biāo)。上一句講“Focusiskeyhere.”下一9．答案D解析從前面的句子“Setadateforsuccess.Identifywhenyouhopetoachieveyourgoal.”可知確定的日期要實(shí)際。故選D。10．答案A解析從文章的最后一句話“Treatitasagoodthing，andmarchon！”可知我們要堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)，故選A。第2講上下過(guò)渡句用來(lái)顯示前后段邏輯銜接的句子稱(chēng)為過(guò)渡句，過(guò)渡句可以位于段首或段末。有三種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)渡：一是核心詞匯的重復(fù)；二是指示代詞this/that/these/those/such；三是使用過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，如next，inaddition，however，but等。過(guò)渡句起承上啟下的作用，顯示上下段的邏輯關(guān)系，使得行文流暢，銜接自然。此類(lèi)題目需要瞻前顧后，上下求索。錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)使銜接不自然，行文不連貫。典題印證(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ片段)Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample，“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”．Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme”．40However，itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A．Itisveryhardtobreakthecodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.40．答案A解析本題考查的是關(guān)鍵詞以及轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。下一句“itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong”中出現(xiàn)了alsohard，所以上一句關(guān)鍵詞為hard；另外however表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，證明上一句與下一句表達(dá)的意思相反，即上一句應(yīng)該是：沒(méi)有解密書(shū)，是很難去完成解密工作的。故A正確。11Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessarilyso，however.Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here’show：Planyourtimecarefully.Whenplanningyourwork，youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist，youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstyourtimeforeating，sleeping，dressing，etc.Thendecideagood，regulartimeforstudying.2Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems，butitwillforceyoutorealizewhatishappeningtoyourtime.Findagoodplacetostudy.Lookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyarea.Keepthisspace，whichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroom，freeofeverythingbutstudymaterials.Nogames，radios，ortelevision.Whenyousitdowntostudy，concentrateonthesubject.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.3Listeningcarefullyinclassmeanslessworklater.Takingnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.Studyregularly.Whenyougethomefromschool，gooveryournotes，reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday，readthatmaterial.4Ifyoudothesethingsregularly，thematerialwillbecomemoremeaningful，andyou’llrememberitlonger.Developagoodattitudetowardstests.Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.Theyhelpyourememberyournewknowledge.Theworldwon’tendifyoudon’tpassatest，sodon’tbeoverworried.5Youwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthese.A．Thereareothermethodsthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.B．Don’tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.C．Takeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteachersays.D．Noonecanbecomeatopstudentunlessheorsheworkshard.E．Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.F．Makefulluseofclasstimetotakenotesofwhattheteachersaysinclass.G．Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.(1．答案E解析根據(jù)下一句“Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.”也許你認(rèn)為自己永遠(yuǎn)也成不了優(yōu)秀生，說(shuō)明很多人認(rèn)為自己是一般的學(xué)生。2．答案B解析本部分是關(guān)于時(shí)間的分配，有吃飯，睡覺(jué)，還有學(xué)習(xí)，當(dāng)然不能忘記娛樂(lè)的時(shí)間，故B項(xiàng)正確。3．答案C解析根據(jù)本段第一句“Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.”說(shuō)明是要我們充分利用好上課的時(shí)間，故C項(xiàng)正確。4．答案G解析根據(jù)前一句話“Whenyougethomefromschool，gooveryournotes，reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday，readthatmaterial.”說(shuō)明講述的是復(fù)習(xí)的重要性，故選G項(xiàng)，充分的復(fù)習(xí)將會(huì)幫助你更好的理解下一節(jié)課的內(nèi)容。5．答案A解析根據(jù)下一句“Youwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthese.”說(shuō)明也許有其他的方法幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)，故A正確。2Anoldsongsaysthat“Lovemakestheworldgoaround”．6Thewholecountrybreaksoutwithlittleredhearts.Love-struckpeoplegivecards，flowersandcandytotheirsweethearts.TheAmericanconceptofloveandromancebeginswithdating.Youngpeopledateinseveralways.Atfirsttheymighthavegroupdateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.7Whentwocouplesgoouttogether，it’scalleddoubledating.Afriendmightevenarrangeablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow.8Youjustdon’tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbeuntilthetimeofthedate.Americanyoungpeopleseeadateasatimejusttohavefun.Theydon’talwayshavearomanticinterestinmind.Someonemaygooutwithonepersonthisweek，andanotherthenext.Afterawhile，aboyandagirlmaydecidetheywanttogosteady.9Italsomeanstheydon’twanttodateanyoneelse.Romanceisbeginningtobloom.10Movies，TVshowsandbooksinAmericaallpicturepeoplefallinginlove.Actually，peopleallovertheworldsearchforhappinessinalovingrelationship.Maybelovedoesmaketheworldgoaround.A．IfyouwatchAmericansonValentine’sDay，youcanbelieveit.B．Later，theystartgoingonsingledates—justoneboyandonegirl.C．Thismeanstheythinkofeachotherasaboyfriendandgirlfriend.D．Thatdoesn’tmeanyoukeepyoureyesclosedthewholeevening.E．RomanticloveisapartofAmericanculture.F．ButinAmerica，manypeopledislikeitverymuch.G．Theywillhavetheirrelationknownbytheirparents.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章主要介紹了美國(guó)人的愛(ài)情觀念、特點(diǎn)等，以及愛(ài)情是美國(guó)文化的一個(gè)重要部分。6．答案A解析由下句“Thewholecountrybreaksoutwithlittleredhearts.”可知，情人節(jié)當(dāng)天，美國(guó)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多小紅心?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)是說(shuō)如果你在情人節(jié)看到美國(guó)人的時(shí)候，你就會(huì)相信了。故選A。7．答案B解析由上句“Atfirsttheymighthavegroupdateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.”可知，起初是一群男女集體約會(huì)，B選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ater，singledates就是指隨后一男一女約會(huì)，是對(duì)上句的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。故選B。8．答案D解析上句“Afriendmightevenarrangeablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow.”是說(shuō)有時(shí)朋友也會(huì)安排你與不認(rèn)識(shí)的人相親，下句“Youjustdon’tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbeuntilthetimeofthedate.”是說(shuō)直到約會(huì)那天你才知道對(duì)方是誰(shuí)。D選項(xiàng)含義是所謂的blinddate(相親)并不是指讓你整晚都把眼睛閉起來(lái)，而是要等到約會(huì)那天才知道對(duì)象是誰(shuí)。故選D。9．答案C解析下句“Romanceisbeginningtobloom.”說(shuō)明愛(ài)情開(kāi)始綻放了。之前需要完成C選項(xiàng)中說(shuō)的確認(rèn)為男女朋友，也就意味著要發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的男女朋友關(guān)系了。故選C。10．答案E解析由下句“Movies，TVshowsandbooksinAmericaallpicturepeoplefallinginlove.”美國(guó)的電影、電視和書(shū)籍都刻畫(huà)著人們墜入情網(wǎng)的事，可以推知愛(ài)情是美國(guó)文化的一部分，這與E選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相符。故選E。第3講細(xì)節(jié)支撐句用來(lái)支撐主題的句子稱(chēng)為支撐句，支撐句通過(guò)本身的邏輯或意義連接一個(gè)完整的段落。和主題句比較，支撐句更具體，往往是事實(shí)、分析、舉例、引用等的一部分。解答此類(lèi)題目應(yīng)該利用前后句代詞的指代關(guān)系、邏輯關(guān)系以及時(shí)間先后關(guān)系等尋找突破口，找到關(guān)聯(lián)點(diǎn)。典題印證(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.答案E解析根據(jù)接下來(lái)的舉例可知，這里講的是選取每個(gè)單詞的首字母這一方法來(lái)隱藏信息。因此答案為E。1Everyonecanbenefitfrommakinganefforttopracticegratitude(感激)everyday.Thefollowingthreestepscanhelpyoustartfeelingmoregrateful，andappreciativeofthegoodthingsinyourlife：NoticetheGoodThingsinYourLife1Payattentiontothesmalleverydaydetailsofyourlife-nature，people，community，shelter，creaturecomfortslikeawarmbedoragoodmeal.Andthenstartagratitudejournal.Makingacommitmenttowritingdowngoodthingseachdaymakesitmorelikelythatwewillnoticegoodthingsastheyhappen.EnjoytheFeelingofGratitudeTherearemomentswhenyounaturally，rightthenandthere，feelfilledwithgratitude.Thesearemomentswhenyousaytoyourself，“Oh，wow，thisisamazing！”or“Howgreatthisis！”P(pán)ause.2Letitsinkin.Enjoyyourblessingsinthemomenttheyhappen.ExpressGratitudeExpressinggratitudeismorethanbeingpolite.3Showyourappreciationtosomeonewhoreallydidsomethingnice.Say：“Itwasreallykindofyouto...，”“Youdidmeabigfavorwhen...，”or“Thankyouforbeingtherewhen...”．4Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou，evenifitmeanswaitingalittlelongerthanyounormallywould.Truegratitudedoesn’tleaveyoufeelinglikeyouoweotherpeoplesomething—afterall，ifyou’vedonesomeoneafavor，youprobablydon’twantthepersontofeellikeyouexpectsomethingbackinreturn.5A．It’saboutshowingyourheartfeltappreciation.B．Noticeandabsorbthatfeelingoftruegratitude.C．Youcanalsoexpressgratitudebydoingakindness.D．It’sallaboutfeelinggoodandcreatingacycleofgood.E．Starttonoticeandidentifythethingsyouaregratefulfor.F．Helpsomeonewithoutlettingthepersonfindoutitwasyou.G．It’samazingwhatyounoticewhenyoufocusonfeelinggrateful.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文介紹了怎樣在生活中學(xué)會(huì)感恩：1.注意到生活中美好的事物；2.享受感恩的感覺(jué)；3.表達(dá)感恩的心情。1．答案E解析要選的是本段的第一句，跟下文要有聯(lián)系，下文講的是怎樣去注意生活中美好的事，所以本題要選擇與小標(biāo)題意思相近的E。2．答案B解析聯(lián)系上下文可知，上文寫(xiě)各種感慨，下文寫(xiě)享受這一刻的感恩，中間句要與上下文有聯(lián)系，故選B。3．答案A解析聯(lián)系上下文可知，上文提到表達(dá)感恩不僅僅是有禮貌，下文說(shuō)表達(dá)自己對(duì)他人善行的感激，所以要選能連接上下文的選項(xiàng)，故選A。4．答案C解析聯(lián)系上下文，下文舉做舉手之勞的好事為例，所以選項(xiàng)應(yīng)選擇提到做好事的句子，故選C。5．答案D解析最后一句要呼應(yīng)開(kāi)頭，有總結(jié)的功能，且上文講到人們做好事并不是期待對(duì)方能有回報(bào)，這句就要有轉(zhuǎn)折，所以這里要選D。2Manypeopleadmitthattheyaren’tpreparedfinanciallyforlife’sunexpectedchallengesandemergencies.IfyourNewYear’sdecisionistobecomemorefinanciallypreparedfora“rainyday”，thefollowingtipsarehelpfulforyoutosave.Startsavingnow.Setspecificsavingsgoalsandbreakthemdowntoasetdollaramounttosaveeachpaycheck.6Saveatleastasmallportionofeachpaycheckandremaincommittedtosaving，andthenlookforwayseachmonthtoincreasetheamount.7Oneofthesimplestwaystofindmoneytoputtowardyourrainydayfundistokeepacloseeyeonwhereyourmoneyisbeingspent.Fortwoorthreemonths，trykeepingtrackofeveryexpense，includingsmallones.Onceyouhaveabetterideaofwhereyourmoneyisgoing，makeabudgetthatincludesaspendingandsavingsplan.8Makesavingautomatic.9Ifyourgoalistosave5,000thisyear，calculatetheamountyou’llneedtosavefromeachpaycheck，thenarrangetohaveitautomaticallysavedintoyoursavingsaccounteachtimeyougetpaid.Visityourbankbranchandaskabankerifyoucansetupautomatictransfersintoyoursavingsaccount.Goonaspendingdiet.Avoidspendinganymoneyonnon-essentialsfor30daysandchallengeyourselftosaveasmuchasyoucantoputtowardyourrainyclayfund.10Thenmakealistanddeterminenottospendontheseitemsforonemonth.A．Trackyourspending.B．Putyoursavingstowork.C．Doremember:Actionsalwaysspeaklouderthanwords.D．Theimportantthingistostartsavingnow，nomatterhowlittle.E．Treatyourrainydayaccountlikeyou’dtreatanyotherfinancialobligation(債務(wù))．F．Reviewyourbudgetattheendofeverymonthanddetermineifyourspendingisinlinewithyourplan.G．Reviewyourbudgetandidentifyextraornon-essentialexpenses，suchaseatingout，shopping，entertainment，etc.(6．答案D解析本段中心話題是從現(xiàn)在起開(kāi)始存錢(qián)。下一句“Saveatleastasmallportion(至少保存每份收入的一小部分)”與D選項(xiàng)的“nomatterhowlittle”有聯(lián)系，故選D項(xiàng)。7．答案A解析根據(jù)下文“Fortwoorthreemonths，trykeepingtrackofeveryexpense，includingsmallones.(嘗試兩、三個(gè)月把每一項(xiàng)開(kāi)銷(xiāo)都記錄下來(lái)，包括小額開(kāi)銷(xiāo))”，可知這一段是關(guān)于記錄開(kāi)支的，故選A項(xiàng)。8．答案F解析記錄開(kāi)銷(xiāo)的目的是，在每個(gè)月月底回顧預(yù)算，確定支出是否與計(jì)劃吻合。故選F項(xiàng)。9．答案E解析考查上下文語(yǔ)境。本段的主題是：讓銀行自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)存成為幫你攢錢(qián)的好方法，對(duì)待你的不時(shí)之需就像償還其他金融債務(wù)一樣來(lái)儲(chǔ)蓄。故選E項(xiàng)。10．答案G解析根據(jù)下一句“Thenmakealistanddeterminenottospendontheseitemsforonemonth(然后列表決定這一個(gè)月不把錢(qián)花在這些項(xiàng)目上)可知，theseitems應(yīng)是不必要開(kāi)支的項(xiàng)目，G項(xiàng)中的extraornon-essentialexpenses與之相吻合。故選G項(xiàng)。強(qiáng)化練(五)題組11Doyouhaveaspareroominyourhouse？Doyouliketoshareyourdrivewayinfrontofyourgaragewithothers？Bothofthesecanhelpyoumakemoney.1Perhapsthebest-knownexampleofacompanyinthisfieldisAirbnb—anAmericanwebbusinesswhichallowsyoutorentoutyourspareroomtoholidaymakers.Itsaysitoperatesin34,000citiesandithas800,000listingsofroomsandapartments.2ABritishcompanyisdoingsomethingwithparkingspaces.JustPark’sfounder，AnthonyEskinaizi，says，“whenIhadtheoriginalidea，Ispottedadrivewayclosetoasportsstadium.ItwouldhavebeensoconvenientifIcouldhavejustparkedinthedrivewayratherthaninacommercialcarpark.”3Around20,000peoplehaveadvertisedtheirspacesonthewebsite，andhesaysaroundhalfamilliondriversuseit.4Theyarepeoplewhorunthingsliketraditionalhotelsandcommercialcarparks.Theyareafraidofendinguplosingmoney.5Regulationsforthesenewbusinessesareunclear.Howwillrentingoutyourdrivewayaffectyourneighbour？Becausethisanewbusinessworld，thoserulesaren’tthereyet.A．Andthereisanotherproblem.B．Acommercialcarparkisinconvenient.C．Andhisgreatideahasprovedasuccess.D．Butthenewbusinessofrentinghasitscompetitors.E．Theyseemtohaveoccupiedthemajorityofthemarket.F．Butthegovernmentsaysnotothenewbusinessofrenting.G．Manypeoplearebenefitingfromthisnewbusinessofrenting.(1．答案G解析空前的意思是：和人分享空房間和車(chē)庫(kù)前的地方都可以幫助你賺錢(qián)。所以這里G項(xiàng)(很多人正在受益于這種新的租賃業(yè)務(wù)。)與上下文一致。2．答案E解析空前的意思是：美國(guó)的Airbnb在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上做這方面的業(yè)務(wù)做得很好。所以這里E項(xiàng)(看起來(lái)這家公司已占領(lǐng)了主要的市場(chǎng)。)與上下文一致。3．答案C解析空前的意思是：JustPark’s的創(chuàng)始人AnthonyEskinaizi做了一個(gè)出租停車(chē)位的生意，很火爆?？蘸蟮囊馑际牵捍蠹s2萬(wàn)人在網(wǎng)站上登記出租車(chē)位，有約50萬(wàn)名司機(jī)受益。所以這里C項(xiàng)(他的想法很成功。)與上下文一致。4．答案D解析空后的意思是：從事傳統(tǒng)的酒店和商業(yè)停車(chē)場(chǎng)之類(lèi)的人害怕最終會(huì)賠本。所以這里D項(xiàng)(但是出租的新業(yè)務(wù)也有很多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。)與上下文一致。5．答案A解析空后的意思是：這些新的商業(yè)法規(guī)尚不清楚。租你的車(chē)道將如何影響你的鄰居？因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)新的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，還沒(méi)有規(guī)則。所以這里A項(xiàng)(還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。)與上下文一致。2Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchores(家庭雜務(wù))，suchassweepingthefloor，emptyingthedishwasher，takingoutthetrashandsoon.6Payingkidsforchoresisoneofthemosthotlydebatedparentingtopics，especiallyatatimewhereeveryoneismoreconcernedabouttheirfinances.Thelogicbehindtyingallowancestochoresisclear.7Sotheyshouldpaykidstodotheirjobs.8SusieWalton，aparentingeducatorandfamilycoach，believesthatbyrewardingkids，parentsaresendingamessagethatworkisn’tworthdoingunlessyougetsomethinginreturn.“Runninganykindofhouseholdisateameffort，”Susiesaid.“Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It’simportantforkidstoseethatweallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse，andthatfamiliesdecidetogetherhowtheywanttheirhometolook，andhowtheyaregoingtokeepitlookinglikeeveryonewantsittolook.”9Theybelievethatgettingacashallowanceorotherrewardsmotivateskidstodochores，anditalsoteachesthemrealworldlessonsabouthowweneedtoworktoearnmoney.“Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearnrewards，”saysChrisBergman，founderofChoreMonster.“10”A．Manypeopleholdtheview.B．Inexchange，theygetsomepocketmoneyorotherrewards.C．Otherpeoplethinkdifferently.D．Butsomepeopledonotthinkthatkidsshouldgetrewardsfordoingchores.E．Grown-upsgetpaidtodotheirjobs.F．Kidsneedpositivereinforcement(強(qiáng)化)tohelpmotivatethem.G．Paykidsissendingabadmessage.(6．答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Payingkidsforchores”可知這里說(shuō)家長(zhǎng)給孩子們報(bào)酬作為做家務(wù)的酬勞，能夠起總領(lǐng)下文的作用，所以選B。7．答案E解析聯(lián)系上文提到的“給孩子們報(bào)酬作為他們做家務(wù)的酬勞是有邏輯的”和下文“因而他們也應(yīng)該付錢(qián)給做家務(wù)的孩子”可知選E。8．答案D解析根據(jù)下文SusieWalton的觀點(diǎn)可知他覺(jué)得每個(gè)人都是家里的一分子，都有責(zé)任做家務(wù)，可見(jiàn)他不覺(jué)得孩子們應(yīng)該為做家務(wù)得到獎(jiǎng)賞，所以D。9．答案C解析根據(jù)下文提到有人覺(jué)得報(bào)酬可以鼓勵(lì)孩子做家務(wù)，并且教會(huì)他們我們需要工作賺錢(qián)，所以選項(xiàng)C“Otherpeoplethinkdifferently”有些人不這么以為，可以承上啟下，故選C。10．答案F解析根據(jù)上文“Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearnrewards”我們的目標(biāo)是鼓勵(lì)孩子獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，可知選項(xiàng)F“Kidsneedpositivereinforcement(強(qiáng)化)tohelpmotivatethem.(孩子們需要積極的強(qiáng)化去鼓勵(lì)他們)”，能夠進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，故選F。3Itcanbedifficulttomeetnewpeopleandmakefriends，especiallywhenyoumovetoanewcityorfindyourselfoutofyourcomfortzone.Howwillyoudealwiththesituation?11Thereareseveralwaysthatyoucanmeetpeoplethatyoumightnothaveconsideredinthepast.★12Youprobablyhaveseveralacquaintancesthatyouseeonadailybasisoraweeklybasis.Ifyougetalongwellwithcertainpeople，youcanseeifthisacquaintancewouldliketogooutanddosomethingsociallywithyou.Ifyouhavecommoninterests，youmightsuggestthatthetwoofyoudosomethingtogetherthatinvolvesyourinterest.★Makeanefforttoacceptinvitations.Sometimespeoplethatyouknowmaybehavingabarbecueorothertypeofsocialgathering.Trytoensurethatyouareabletoattendandthenshowupattheappointedtime.13Ifyoumeetpeoplethatyouclickwith，youcanmakeaplantoseethemagaininthefutureoryoucaninviteyourfriendstoyourowneventandaskthemtoextendtheinvitationtothefriendsthatwereattheirgatheringtoo.★Goout，evenwhenyoudon’tfeellikeit.Itturnsoutthatwhenpeopleinvitesomeonetojointhemfordinneroramovieorsomethingelse，theyreallywanttohangoutwithyou.1415Butonceyouhaveusedthesamemethodsafewtimesyouwillknowexactlywhatworksandwhatdoesnot.Don’tgiveup，everyoneisdifferentanditjusttakestimetogettoknowpeople.A．Expandoncurrentrelationships.B．Tryingtomakenewfriendscanbeannoyingatfirst.C．Doyouworkwithpeoplethatyougetalongwellwith?D．Butdon’tcallthemseveraltimesadayorevenseveraltimesperweek.E．Bemoresocialandyou’llmakeyourlifemoreexcitingandfulfilled.F．Ifyoutendtosay“no”often，peoplewilleventuallystopaskingyoutogowiththem.G．Thesetypesofgatheringsoftenleadtomeetingdifferentpeoplewhoarefriendsoffriends.(11．答案E解析上文提到如何處理這種情況？(很難結(jié)交新朋友)E項(xiàng)(變得合群，讓你的生活更加豐富)回答了上文的問(wèn)題，符合語(yǔ)境。12．答案A解析根據(jù)下文主要講在你的既定交際圈發(fā)展朋友，與A項(xiàng)(擴(kuò)展你現(xiàn)有的交際范圍)相一致。13．答案G解析上句講接受邀請(qǐng)并按時(shí)赴約，下文講回邀朋友并請(qǐng)他們邀請(qǐng)他們的朋友一同赴約，與G項(xiàng)中的friendsoffriends相一致。14．答案F解析根據(jù)上文別人邀請(qǐng)你吃飯或看電影時(shí)是真的想和你一起消磨時(shí)光，所以你不想去也要去。F項(xiàng)(如果你總是說(shuō)不，別人就不會(huì)再邀請(qǐng)你)順承上文，引出不去的后果，與上下文一致。15．答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Butonceyouhaveusedthesamemethodsafewtimesyouwillknowexactlywhatworksandwhatdoesnot.”可知，前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，But后指找到了方法，故上文應(yīng)是“剛開(kāi)始時(shí)交朋友是令人困擾的”。故選B。4Thedayswhenacellphonewasusedfornothingbeyondcallingandtextingaregone.Today，weturnsmartphonesintomagicalmachineswithappsthattransformthemintomusicalinstrumentsorbusinessmachinesorvideoplayers.Butitturnsoutthatweareonlysearchingthesurface.Whoknewthatsmartphoneswouldmakeprettygoodsatellites？16Smartphonesforecasttheweather.NetworkingexpertOpenSignalhasdiscoveredsomethinginteresting：thesensorsinAndroidphonesdesignedtomeasurebatterytemperature，light，pressureandsooncanbeusedtogeneratesurprisinglyaccurateweatherreports.17Smartphonessavetherainforests.Detectingillegallogging(監(jiān)測(cè)盜伐)maysoundlikeanovel(新奇的)app，18：inIndonesia，thenon-profitorganizationRainforestConnectionwantstousedonatedAndroidphonestodetectillegallogging.AsNewscientistreports，“Thephonesareequippedwithsolarpanelsspecificallydesignedtotakeadvantageofthebriefperiodswhenlightreachestheforestfloor.Theirmicrophonesstayonatalltime，andthesoftwarelistensforthesoundofachainsaw(鏈鋸)．”19ResearchersattheuniversityofIllinoishavedevelopedaniPhoneappthatturnsthephoneintoafullyfeaturedmobilemedicallabthatusesthephone’scameratodetectproteins，bacteria，virusesandotherorganisms.Smartphonesdrivecars.Google’sself-drivingcarscarryaround30,000ofhigh-techhardwareandsensors，butstudentsatAustralia’sGriffithUniversitythinktheycangetthejobdonewithasinglesmartphone.20A．butit’saseriousbusinessB．Herearesomeusesforsmartphonesthemakersprobablydidn’timagine.C．soitcanbeusedtodetectthesoundofachainsawD．Ithasbeenusedinmanyfields.E．Getenoughphonesinvolvedandyouwillhaveaweathersensingnetwork.F．Smartphonesserveasmobilemedicallabs.G．Theyhavebuiltamodelthatreliesmainlyonthephone’scameraandbuilt-inGPS.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章給我們介紹了智能手機(jī)的一些我們不太了解的新功能，如用于預(yù)報(bào)天氣、監(jiān)測(cè)盜伐、醫(yī)療實(shí)驗(yàn)、駕車(chē)定位等。16．答案B解析本段講述了手機(jī)功能越來(lái)越多，但還有一些我們不知道的功能，而下文則列舉了智能手機(jī)的一些新功能。B項(xiàng)承上啟下，引出更多功能，故選B。17．答案E解析本段主要講手機(jī)預(yù)報(bào)天氣的功能，E項(xiàng)涉及到預(yù)報(bào)天氣并形成氣象網(wǎng)絡(luò)，符合文意，故選E。18．答案A解析本段主要講手機(jī)能監(jiān)測(cè)盜伐樹(shù)木的功能。上句說(shuō)“監(jiān)測(cè)盜伐聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能是個(gè)新奇的應(yīng)用”，而下句則講到了該功能的具體應(yīng)用，故前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)與此相符，故選A。19．答案F解析本段主要講手機(jī)在醫(yī)療方面的應(yīng)用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)與此相符，故選F。20．答案G解析本段主要講智能手機(jī)的駕車(chē)功能、定位功能，G項(xiàng)符合文意，故選G。Ⅰ.單詞梳理A．詞匯與派生1．parkvt.→parkingn.2．originn．→originaladj.3．traditionn．→traditionaladj.4．a(chǎn)ppointvt.→appointedadj.5．invitevt.→invitationn.6．briefadj.→brieflyadv.7．surprisen．&vt.→surprisingadj.8．gathervi.→gatheringn.B．選用上述詞匯的正確形式填空1．WewillhaveabiggatheringthiscomingSaturday.2．Theappointedhouroftheceremonywasdrawingnearer.3．Isentheraninvitationbutshedeclined.4．Itisnotsurprisingthatchildrenlearntoreadatdifferentrates.5．Allkindsoftraditionalcraftindustriesarepreservedhere.6．IknewI’dneverfindaparkingspaceinthesquare.7．TheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofNorthAmerica.8．Briefly，nolessthannineofouragentshavepassedinformationtous.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)提煉A．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出文中短語(yǔ)1．幫忙；幫助……解決困難help(...)out2．擔(dān)心；掛念beconcernedabout3．作為回報(bào)inreturn4．處理，對(duì)付dealwith5．相處；進(jìn)展getalongwith6．用……裝備beequippedwith7．利用takeadvantageofB．運(yùn)用上述短語(yǔ)完成下列句子1．人們開(kāi)始擔(dān)心他們的安全。Peoplearegoingtobeconcernedabouttheirsecurity.2．我不在這兒工作，我現(xiàn)在只是來(lái)幫忙的。Idon’tworkhere.Ijusthelpoutatthemoment.3．趁天氣好，我把房子刷了一遍漆。Itookadvantageofthegoodweathertopaintthehouse.4．他和辦公室里的同事們相處得很好。Hegotalongverywellwiththecolleaguesattheoffice.5．我想他改天就會(huì)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Ithinkhe’sjustgoingtodealwiththisproblemanotherday.6．他的汽車(chē)裝了空調(diào)。Hiscarisequippedwithairconditioning.7．為了報(bào)答他的幫助，我給他送了份禮物。Isenthimapresentinreturnforhishelp.Ⅲ.句式活學(xué)運(yùn)用1．Thereareseveralwaysthatyoucanmeetpeoplethatyoumightnothaveconsideredinthepast.句式分析句中第