2022-2023學年重慶市第一中學高一年級上冊學期期末考試 英語

重慶一中高2025屆高一上期期末考試

英語試題卷

英語試題卷共10頁。滿分150分。考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：

1.答題前，務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。

2.答選擇題時，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮

擦擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。

3.答非選擇題時，必須使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。

4.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Atravelplan.B.Aspellingmistake.C.Thewoman'shometown.

2.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthewomanandMike?

A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fellowworkers.C.Motherandson.

3.WhatdoesthemansuggestGeorgedo?

A.Haveagoodrest.B.Lookforanewjob.C.Travelaroundtheworld.

4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthesharks?

A.Amazing.B.Frightening.C.Friendly.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutPeter?

A.Heisn'ttalkative.B.Hestudiedveryhard.C.Hefailedtogetintocollege.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每

小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。

6.Howmanytimesdidthewomancallthemanyesterday?

A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.

7.Whydidn'tthemananswerthewoman'scall?

A.Hewasbusydoingthelaundry.

B.Hedidn'ttakehisphone.

C.Heignoredherphonecalls.

聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。

8.Whatdidthemandoatlastyear'sparty?

A.Hean-angedabighousefbrit.

B.HegottoknowaJapanesecouple.

C.Hemetmanyinternationalstudents.

9.Whatwillthewomanpreparefortheparty?

A.Specialclothes.B.Iranian-stylerice.C.Japanesedishes.

聽下面一段對話，回答第10至第12三個小題。

10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Onatrain.B.Inalibrary.C.Attheschool.

11.Whatkindofbooksdoesthemanlikebest?

A.Booksontravels.B.Booksonfood.C.Booksonscience.

12.Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtobe?

A.Ahistorian.B.Adoctor.C.Ascientist.

聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16四個小題。

13.ForwhatdoesJanewanttogetajob?

A.Moremoney.B.Morefriends.C.Moreexperience.

14.WhatisJane'sfatherworriedabout?

A.Shewillcomehomelate.

B.Shecan'tmanagetheshopwell.

C.Shecan'tbalanceherstudyandwork.

15.HowoftenwillJanework?

A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Everyotherday.

16.Whatwon'tJaneclean?

A.Thefloors.B.Thetoilets.C.Thewindows.

聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至第20四個小題。

17.Whatwasinthefarmer'sbag?

A.Vegetables.B.Fruits.C.Rice.

18.Whathappenedtothefarmer^bag?

A.Itfellfromhishorse.B.Itgotstolen.C.Itwasbroken.

19.Whohelpedthefarmer?

A.Apoorman.B.Hisfriend.C.Arichman.

20.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

A.Everyoneshouldpayforothers5help.

B.Everyonecanbecomeagreatman.

C.Everyoneshouldhelppeopleinneed.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）

第一節(jié)（共19小題；每小題2.5分,滿分47.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D中，選出最佳選項。

A

It'snowaloteasier—andcheaper—formanyhard-of-hearingAmericanstogethelp.Hearingaidscannow

besoldwithoutaprescriptionfromaspecialist.Over-the-counter,orOTC,hearingaidsstartedhittingthemarketin

Octoberatpricesthatcanbethousandsofdollarslowerthanprescriptionhearingaids.About30millionpeoplein

theUnitedStatesdealwithhearingloss,accordingtotheFoodandDrugAdministration.Butonlyabout20%of

thosewhocoulduseahearingaidseekhelp.Here'sacloserlook:

Whomightbehelped:

TheFDAapprovedOTChearingaidsforadultswithmild-to-moderatehearingloss.Thatcanincludepeople

whohavetroublehearingphonecallsorwhoturnuptheTVvolumeloudenoughthatotherscomplain.Italsocan

includepeoplewhohavetroubleunderstandinggroupconversationsinnoisyplaces.OTChearingaidsaren't

intendedforpeoplewithdeeperhearingloss,whichmayincludethosewhohavetroublehearingloudernoises,like

powertoolsandcars.

Hearingtest:

Beforeover-the-counter,youusuallyneededtogetyourhearingtestedandbuyhearingaidsfromaspecialist.

That'snolongerthecase.Butitcanbehardforpeopletomeasuretheirownhearing.Youcanstillchoosetoseea

specialistjustforthattest,whichisoftencoveredbyinsurance,andthenbuytheaidsonyourown.Therealsoarea

numberofappsandquestionnairesavailabletodeterminewhetheryouneedhelp.

Who'sselling:

SeveralmajorretailersnowofferOTChearingaidsonlineandonstoreshelves.Walgreensdrugstores,for

example,aresellingLexieLumenhearingaidsnationwidefor$799.WalmartoffersOTChearingaidsrangingfrom

about$200to$1,000perpair.Itshealthcenterswillprovidehearingtests.TheconsumerelectronicschainBestBuy

hasOTChearingaidsavailableonlineandinnearly300stores.

Thecost:

MostOTChearingaidswillcostbetween$500and$1,500forapair,thoughsomemayrunupto$3,000.

1.Whowillnotbehelpedbythehearingaids?

A.Davidwhoisunabletohearthenoiseofpowertools.

B.Jackwhocan'tmakeoutregularphonecallsclearly.

C.MessywhoneedtoturnuptheTVvolumelouderthanothersdo.

D.Poppywhocan'tunderstandgroupconversationsinnoisyplaces.

2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

A.OTChearingaidsareonlyavailableonline.

B.ThepricesofOTChearingaidsvaryconsiderably.

C.Hearingtestswillbeprovidedateverysellingspot.

D.OTChearingaidsofferedbyWalmartarethemostexpensive

3.Whichsectionofthenewspaperisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.EconomyB.HealthC.SportsD.Entertainment

【答案】l.A2.B3.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一款即將上市的價格比處方助聽器低數(shù)千美元的非處方助聽器

的基本情況。

[1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Whomightbehelped:部分的“TheFDAapprovedOTChearingaidsforadultswith

mild-to-moderatehearingloss.Thatcanincludepeoplewhohavetroublehearingphonecallsorwhoturnupthe

TVvolumeloudenoughthatotherscomplain.Italsocanincludepeoplewhohavetroubleunderstandinggroup

conversationsinnoisyplaces.OTChearingaidsaren'tintendedforpeoplewithdeeperhearingloss,whichmay

includethosewhohavetroublehearingloudernoises,likepowertoolsandcars.(美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局

(FDA)批準了用于輕度至中度聽力損失的成年人的非處方助聽器。這可能包括聽不見電話的人，或者把

電視音量開得太大而引起別人抱怨的人。它還包括那些在嘈雜的地方無法理解群體對話的人。非處方助聽

器并不適用于聽力損失嚴重的人，這些人可能包括那些聽不到電動工具和汽車等較大噪音的人。)”可知非

處方助聽器并不適用于聽力損失嚴重的人，這些人可能包括那些聽不到電動工具和汽車等較大噪音的人，

所以這款助聽器不能幫助David,因為他聽不到電動工具的噪音，聽力嚴重受損。故選A項。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Who'sselling:部分的“SeveralmajorretailersnowofferOTChearingaidsonlineandon

storeshelves.Walgreensdrugstores,forexample,aresellingLexieLumenhearingaidsnationwidefor$799.

WalmartoffersOTChearingaidsrangingfromabout$200to$1,000perpair.Itshealthcenterswillprovide

hearingtests.TheconsumerelectronicschainBestBuyhasOTChearingaidsavailableonlineandinnearly300

stores.（一些主要的零售商現(xiàn)在在網(wǎng)上和商店貨架上提供OTC助聽器。例如，沃爾格林（Walgreens）藥店

在全國范圍內(nèi)以799美元的價格銷售LexieLumen助聽器。沃爾瑪提供的非處方助聽器價格從每副200美

元到1000美元不等。它的健康中心將提供聽力測試。消費電子產(chǎn)品連鎖店百思買（BestBuy）在網(wǎng)上和近

300家門店都有OTC助聽器。）”可知非處方助聽器在網(wǎng)上和商店里都可以買到，所以選項A不對；依據(jù)

文章Thecost:部分的"MostOTChearingaidswillcostbetween$500and$1,500forapair,thoughsomemay

runupto$3,000.（大多數(shù)非處方助聽器的價格在500美元到1500美元之間，但有些可能高達3000美元。）”

可知沃爾瑪提供的非處方助聽器價格不是最貴的，所以選項D不對，而大多數(shù)非處方助聽器的價格在500

美元到1500美元之間，但有些可能高達3000美元，所以可以推出非處方助聽器的價格變化很大，所以B

項正確；根據(jù)Hearingtest:部分的“Beforeover-the-counter,youusuallyneededtogetyourhearingtestedand

buyhearingaidsfromaspecialist.That'snolongerthecase.Butitcanbehardforpeopletomeasuretheirown

hearing.Youcanstillchoosetoseeaspecialistjustforthattest,whichisoftencoveredbyinsurance,andthenbuy

theaidsonyourown.Therealsoareanumberofappsandquestionnairesavailabletodeterminewhetheryouneed

help.（在非處方助聽器出現(xiàn)之前，你通常需要進行聽力測試，并從專家那里購買助聽器。現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)不同

了。但人們很難測量自己的聽力。你仍然可以選擇去看專家檢查，這通常是由保險支付的，然后自己購買

輔助設備。還有一些應用程序和調查問卷可以幫助你確定是否需要幫助。）”以及“Who'sselling:部分的

WalmartoffersOTChearingaidsrangingfromabout$200lo$1,000perpair.Itshealthcenterswillprovide

hearingtests.（沃爾瑪提供的非處方助聽器價格從每副200美元到1000美元不等。它的健康中心將提供聽力

測試?）”可知不是每一個銷售點都將提供聽力測試，所以選項C不對。故選B項。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"It'snowaloteasier—andcheaper—formanyhard-of-hearingAmericansto

gethelp.Hearingaidscannowbesoldwithoutaprescriptionfromaspecialist.Over-the-counter,orOTC,hearing

aidsstartedhittingthemarketinOctoberatpricesthatcanbethousandsofdollarslowerthanprescriptionhearing

aids.（現(xiàn)在，對許多聽力不好的美國人來說，獲得幫助要容易得多，也便宜得多。現(xiàn)在，助聽器可以在沒有

專家處方的情況下出售。非處方助聽器于10月份開始上市，價格比處方助聽器低數(shù)千美元。）”以及文章

其他段落的內(nèi)容可知文章主要介紹了一款非處方助聽器的基本情況，話題與人們的健康有關系，所以文章

可能出自報紙的健康板塊。故選B項。

B

JimThorpeisoneofthegreatestathletesofalltime.Hehadamazingathleticabilitiesandwaswell-known

duringhislifetime,yetthatdidnotmakeThorpeastrangertoadversity.

ThorpewasanAmericanIndianfromOklahomawhodevelopedhisextraordinaryathleticskillsinhisyouth

throughhardlabor.Itwasalsoinhisyouththathelearnedtoendurehardshipbroughtuponbyracialprejudice.

Manywouldsayhischildhoodwasnoteasy.Hegrewuppoorandatage9histwinbrotherpassedawayandafew

yearslaterhelostbothofhisparents.

Butthatdidnotstophimfromdoingwhathelovedandpursuinghisdreams.Nothingseemedtostophim,not

evenstolenshoes.JusthoursbeforeThorpewasgoingtocompeteinthe1912Olympics,somebodystolehisshoes.

Thorpeimprovised（臨時拼湊）bygettingshoesoutofthegarbage.Theshoesweretwodifferentsizes.Heworean

extrapairofsocksononefoottoeventhemout.

Hestillwentontowintwogoldmedals—winningeacheventhecompetedinexceptforone,thejavelin（標

槍）.Thejavelinwastheonlyeventhedidn'twin,probablybecausehehadnevercompetedinthateventbefore.It

isinterestingtonotethatThorpehadtriedtothrowthejavelinoncebeforeintheOlympictrials.Atthetime,he

didn'tknowthathecouldthrowitwitharunningstart.Hethrewitstandingstillandwasplacedsecond.

AttheOlympics,healsotookpartinthedecathlon（十項全能運動）.Hefinishedfirstintwoevents,thirdin

fourevents,andfourthintwomore.Thorpeendedupfinishingthirdintheworld.Hewasundoubtedlya

dominatingforcethatcouldn'tbestoppedandjustkeptongoing.

IthinkPaulDughisaiditbest,"It'shardtoimaginenowthatproathletesgetpaidmillionsofdollarsjustto

wearaparticularbrandofshoes.ForJimThorpe,itdidn'tmatterwhatkindhewore.^^

4.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?

A.TheadversityThorpemetwithledtohissuccess.

B.Thorpe'ssuccesswasnoguaranteeofabetterlife.

C.Thorpe'scareerbroughthimbothgainsandlosses.

DThorpesufferedmanyhardshipsdespitehissuccess.

5.WhydidThorpewearmoresocksononefoot?

A.Topreventthefootfrominjury.

B.Tomaketheshoefitthefoot.

C.Tostoptheshoefrombeingstolen.

D.Toshowhisproblem-solvingskills.

6.WhatmostlikelyledtoThorpe'sfailuretowinthejavelin?

A.Lossofhisownsportsshoes.

B.Acasualattitudetowardstheevent.

C.Lackofexperienceintheevent.

D.Ashortageoftalentfortheevent.

7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJimThorpe?

A.Loyalandenthusiastic.

B.Genuineandcreative.

C.Toughandstrong-minded.

D.Selflessandgood-tempered.

【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。介紹了美國印第安人吉姆?索普坎坷的人生經(jīng)歷和他作為運動員所取得的驕

人成績。

【4題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“ThorpewasanAmericanIndianfromOklahomawhodevelopedhisextraordinary

athleticskillsinhisyouththroughhardlabor.Ilwasalsoinhisyouththathelearnedtoendurehardshipbrought

uponbyracialprejudice.Manywouldsayhischildhoodwasnoteasy.Hegrewuppoorandatage9histwin

brotherpassedawayandafewyearslaterhelostbothofhisparents.”（索普是來自俄克拉荷馬州的美洲第安

人，他在年輕時通過艱苦勞動發(fā)展了非凡的運動技能。也正是在他年輕的時候，他學會了忍受種族偏見帶

來的苦難。許多人會說他的童年并不容易。他出身貧寒，9歲時雙胞胎兄弟去世，幾年后他失去了雙親。）

可知，吉姆?索普經(jīng)歷了很多苦難，幼年時雙胞胎兄弟過世，隨后父母雙亡，青年時又困擾于種族偏見帶來

的磨難：以及劃線句前面的yet表轉折意義,可知,劃線部分的意思是雖然索普后來有所成就，但卻經(jīng)歷了

很多苦難。故選D。

【5題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的"Theshoesweretwodifferentsizes.Heworeanextrapairofsocksononefootto

eventhemout.w（鞋子有兩個不同的尺寸，他一只腳上多穿了一雙襪子來平衡。）可知，兩只鞋大小不

一，因此索普多穿襪子就是為了讓鞋合腳。故選B。

【6題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的ubecausehehadnevercompetedinthateventbefore"（因為他以前從未參加過

那個項目）可知，他沒有參加過標槍比賽，因此比賽經(jīng)驗不足最可能是他失利的原因。故選C。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的敘述可知，吉姆?索普成長過程中經(jīng)歷過很多苦難，這很大程度上塑造了他堅

韌不拔的性格。第三段的“Buithatdidnotstophimfromdoingwhathelovedandpursuinghisdreams.Nothing

seemedtostophim,notevenstolenshoes."（但這并沒有阻止他去做他喜歡的事情，去追求他的夢想。似乎

沒有什么能阻止他，甚至是偷來的鞋子。）正是對他堅韌不拔性格的刻畫，由此可知,tough（堅韌的）和

strong-minded（意志堅定的）是對他最準確的描述。故選C。

C

Itiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy,anditusuallyoccurswhenthey'remeetinganother

personoragroupofpeople.However,anewstudyledbyDrHarryWitchel,abodylanguageexpert,showsthatitis

notalwaysthecase.

Inhisresearch,heasked44participantsaged18-35tohaveageographyquizconsistingofninedifficult

questionssothattheyoftengottheanswerwrong.Participantsinteractedwithacomputeraloneinaroomwhiletheir

faceswererecordedbyvideo.

Afterthequiz,theparticipantswereaskedtorate（評價）theirexperienceusingarangeof12emotionsincluding

“bored","interested"and"frustrated”.Meanwhile,theirfacialexpressionswereanalyzedbycomputerframeby

frameinordertojudgehowmuchtheyweresmilingonabasisofascaleofbetween0and1.

“Accordingtosomeresearchers,arealsmilereflectstheinnerstateofamusement.However,theideaof

behavioralecologysuggeststhatallsmilesaretoolsusedinsocialinteractions,meaningcheerfulnessisneither

necessarynorsufficientforsmiling.Ourstudyshowedthatinthesehuman-computerinteractionexperiments,smiling

isn'tdrivenbyhappiness;itisassociatedwithsubjectiveinvolvement（主觀參與），whichactslikeakindofsocial

fuelforsmiling,evenwhensocializingwithacomputeronyourown.^^DrWitchelsaid.

Participantsdidn'ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingtofigureouttheanswers.However,

theydidsmilerightafterthecomputerinformedthemwhethertheiranswerwascorrectornot.Surprisingly,

participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.DrWitcheladded,''Duringthesecomputerized

quizzes,smilinggreatlyincreasedjustaftertheyansweredquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehaviorcouldnotbeexplained

byratingsofhappinessorfhistration.”

8.WhydidDrWitchelusedifficultquestionsinthequiz?

A.Todiscoverthemostintelligentparticipants.

B.Tocreateastressfulsituationforparticipants.

C.Tomaketheanswerperiodlastaslongaspossible.

D.Tomakeithardfbrparticipantstoanswerthemcorrectly.

9.Whatcanweinferfromtheideaofbehavioralecology?

A.Smilesreflecttheinnerstateofcheerfulness.

B.Smilingisassociatedwithobjectiveengagement.

C.Smilingisusuallyconnectedwithsocialactivities.

DSmilesaren'tnecessarilyusefultoolsinsocialinteractions.

10.WhichofthefollowingwillDrWitchelagreewith?

A.Thereisaneedforfurtherresearchonsmiling.

B.Participantssmiledwhentheiranswerwascorrect.

C.Smileshavenothingtodowithhappinessorfrustration.

D.Participantssmiledlesswhentheygottheanswerwrong.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowtoIdentifyaRealSmile?

B.WhatContributestoRealHappiness?

C.PeopleHoldaWrongViewonHappiness.

D.SmilingDoesn'tNecessarilyMeanHappiness.

【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。人們普遍認為微笑意味著一個人是快樂的，但是研究表明，微笑僅僅是社交的

需要，并不表明這個人一定快樂。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inhisresearch,heasked44participantsaged18-35toplayageographyquiz

consistingofninedifficultquestionssothattheyoftengottheanswerwrong.（在他的研究中，他讓44名年齡在

18-35歲之間的參與者玩一個由9道難題組成的地理智力測驗游戲，這樣他們的答案就會經(jīng)常出錯。）”由

此可知，Witchel博士在問答游戲中使用難題是為了使參與者很難正確回答。故選D。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中"'However,theideaofbehavioralecologysuggeststhatallsmilesaretoolsusedin

socialinteractions,meaningcheerfulnessisneithernecessarynorsufficientforsmiling.Ourstudyshowedthatin

thesehuman-computerinteractionexperiments,smilingisn'tdrivenbyhappiness;itisassociatedwithsubjective

involvement（主觀參與），whichactslikeakindofsocialfuelforsmiling,evenwhensocializingwithacomputer

onyourown」DrWitchelsaid.（“然而，行為生態(tài)學的觀點認為，所有的微笑都是社交中使用的工具，這意

味著快樂既不是微笑的必要條件，也不是微笑的充分條件。我們的研究表明，在這些人機交互實驗中，微

笑不是由快樂驅動的；它與主觀參與有關，就像一種微笑的社交燃料，即使是獨自與電腦進行社

交?！盬itchel博士說。）由此我們可以從行為生態(tài)學理論中推斷出，微笑通常與社會活動有關。故選C。

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段uParticipantsdidn'ttendtosmileduringtheperiodwhentheyweretryingtofigure

outtheanswers.However,theydidsmilerightafterthecomputerinformedthemwhethertheiranswerwascorrect

ornot.Surprisingly,participantssmiledmoreoftenwhentheygottheanswerwrong.DrWitcheladded,ktDuring

thesecomputerizedquizzes,smilinggreatlyincreasedjustaftertheyansweredquestionsincorrectly.Thisbehavior

couldnotbeexplainedbyratingsofhappinessorfrustration.（在試著找出答案的過程中，參與者往往不會微

笑。然而，當電腦告訴他們答案是否正確時，他們確實微笑了。令人驚訝的是，當參與者回答錯誤時，他

們微笑的次數(shù)更多。維切爾博士補充說：“在這些電腦測試中，他們在回答錯誤的問題后微笑大大增加。

這種行為不能用幸福或沮喪的評分來解釋。"）由此可知，在Witchel博士會同意，當答案正確時，參與

者微笑了。故選B。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第——段“Itiswidelybelievedthatsmilingmeansapersonishappy,anditusuallyoccurswhen

they'remeetinganotherpersonoragroupofpeople.However,anewstudyledbyDr.HarryWitchel,abody

languageexpert,showsthatitisnotalwaysthecase.（人們普遍認為，微笑意味著一個人很快樂，通常出現(xiàn)在

他們與另一個人或一群人見面的時候。然而，身體語言專家HarryWitchel博士領導的一項新研究表明，情

況并非總是如此。）”結合文章主要說明了人們普遍認為微笑意味著一個人是快樂的，但是研究表明，微

笑僅僅是社交的需要，并不表明這個人一定快樂。由此可知，D選項“微笑并不一定意味著快樂”最符合

文章標題。故選D。

D

Youmaynotknowit,butyourbrainisalreadyanamazingvocabularylearningmachine.Whenyoureador

listentosomething,yourbraindoesn'ttakeeachwordatfacevalue:it'scontinuouslytakingstatisticsaboutwhich

wordsappeartogetherregularlysothatitcanexpectwhat'scomingnextandprocessspeechfaster.

Ourbrainscontinuouslyreleaseelectricalsignals,whichchangedependingonwhattaskyourbrainisdealing

with.Scientistscanuseatechniquetoreadsomeofthesetostudyhowyourbrainprocesseslanguage.

Oneofthesesignals,calledN400,changesdependingonwhetherwordsmakesenseincontextornot.The

N400isrelativelysmallforexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcream,andincreasesinheightfor

unexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcap.ThismeansthatscientistscanreadtheN400heighttoanalyze

thekindofexpectationsyouhaveaboutwhichwordsusuallyappeartogether.

Inlanguagelearners,theN400changesbasedonproficiency（熟練程度）.Thebetterpeoplegetata

language,theclosertheirN400patternistonativespeaker's.Thismeansthatanimportantpartoflanguage

proficiencyistakingstatisticsandbuildingexpectationsaboutwhatwordsusuallyappeartogether,justasnative

speakersdo.

Togetbetteratthis,weneedtofloodourbrainswithloadsofnaturalcontent,sowecanbuildupapictureof

whichkindsofwordsusuallyappeartogether.Readingisagreatwaytodothisandthere'slotsofresearchthat

showsthatreadingworkswondersforyourvocabularyskills.

However,itisimportanttorememberthatiftherearetoomanyunknownwords,itcanbedifficulttofigure

outwhattheymeanfromthecontext.Anditisunpleasanthavingtostopeverytwomilestolookupaword.

Gradedreaders,whicharebooksadaptedtomakethemeasiertounderstandatlowerlevels,areperfectforlearners

offoreignlanguages.

12.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?

A.Tostateafact.B.Toofferasuggestion.

C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Toproposeadefinition.

13.WhatdoesitmeaniftheN400increases?

A.Wemakesenseofsomewordcombinationsinacontext.

B.Wecombinesomenewwordstomakeasentence.

C.Wememorizesomewordcombinationstolearnalanguage.

D.Wemeetsomewordcombinationsbeyondourexpectations.

14.Howcanwehaveanativespeaker-likeN400patternaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Byreadingsomebooksaboutvocabularyskills.

B.Byreadinglotsofnaturalcontent.

C.Byreadingloadsofbooksaboutnatureanddrawingpictures.

D.Byreadingauthenticcontenttoincreaseourvocabulary.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Itismorebeneficialtoreadeasybooks.

B.Itisimportanttolookupnewwords.

C.Weshouldmainlyreadadaptedbooks.

D.Weshouldchoosematerialsrightforourlevel.

【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.D

【解析】

【導語】本文為一篇說明文。講述了我們的大腦是一個詞匯學習機器，研究者用N400來研究了大腦是如

何處理我們所遇到的單詞組合，并且提出學習語言時，應選擇適合自己水平的讀本。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句"Youmaynotknowit,butyourbrainisalreadyanamazingvocabulary

learningmachine.（你可能不知道，但是你的大腦已經(jīng)是一個很好的詞匯學習機器。）”可知，后文舉例說

明你的大腦是一個很好的詞匯學習機器，故第一段的目的是為了陳述我們的大腦是詞匯學習機器的這個事

實，故選A。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"TheN400isrelativelysmallforexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeand

cream,andincreasesinheightforunexpectedwordcombinations,likecoffeeandcap.（對于預料中的單詞組

合，比如說咖啡和冰淇淋，N400相對來說比較低；但是對于預料之外的單詞組合時，比如說咖啡和帽

子，N400就會增加。）”可知，如果N400上升的話，那就意味著我們遇到了意料之外的單詞組合，故選

D。

【14題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"Togetbetteratthis,weneedtofloodourbrainswithloadsofnatural

content,sowecanbuildupapictureofwhichkindsofwordsusuallyappeartogether.（為了更擅長這點,我們需

要讓我們大腦充滿自然的語言內(nèi)容，這樣的話，我們就能在大腦里建造一副圖片，圖片里是哪些單詞通常

一起出現(xiàn)。）”可知，如果我們想要像本土人一樣的N400模式，我們需要讀很多的自然語言內(nèi)容，故選

Bo

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Gradedreaders,whicharebooksadaptedtomakethemeasiertounderstandat

lowerlevels,areperfectforlearnersofforeignlanguages.（分級讀本對于外語學習者來說是最好的選擇，因為

它們是改編讀本，主要是為了較低水平的閱讀者能更容易理解。）”可知，在選擇閱讀讀本時，我們應該

根據(jù)自己的水平選擇適合的讀本，這樣的話才有利于學習，故選D。

E

Twothirdsoftheiceintheglaciers（冰〃I）oftheAlpsisdoomed!Theseglacierswillmeltbytheendofthe

centuryasglobaltemperaturesrise,accordingtoarecentstudy.

Scientistsclaimthathalftheiceheldinsome4,000Alpineglacierswilldisappearby2050duetoglobal

warmingthroughtheeffectofpastemissions.Afterthat,evenifcarbonemissionsdroptozero,two-thirdsofthe

icewillstillhavemeltedby2100.Ifemissionscontinuetoriseatthecurrentrate,theicetongueswillhaveallbut

disappearedfromAlpinevalleysbytheendofthecentury.ThemostpessimisticpredictiontellsusthattheAlps

willbemostlyice-freeby2100.Onlyisolatedicepatcheswouldremainathighaltitudes,representingfivepercent,

almost,oftheicevolumeseentoday.

Theresearcherswarnthatthelossoftheseglacierswillmeanmuchlesswaterisavailableforfarmingand

hydroelectricity,especiallyduringdroughts.Itwouldalsoaffectnatureandtourism.

InFebruary,astudyfoundthatathirdofthehugeicefieldsinAsia'stoweringmountainchainswerealso

underthreatfbrthesamereasons.Thiswillleadtoseriousconsequencesforalmosttwobillionpeoplewholive

downstream.GlaciersalongtheHinduKushandHimalayanrangeareathigher,colderaltitudes.Ifglobalcarbon

emissionsarenotcut,however,two-thirdsoftheiricecouldbegoneby2100.

Thelatestresearchcombinedcomputermodelswithreal-worlddatatoforecastthefateoftheglaciers.Itused

2017asitsstartingpoint.Unlikepreviouswork,thesemodelsincludedhowtheglaciersmovedownthemountains.

Applyingthisapproachtootherglaciatedmountainchainscouldimproveicelossforecaststhere.

Cuttingtheemissionsfromfossil-fuelburning,deforestationandotherpollutingactivitiesisthebiggestfactor

inminimizingthemeltingoftheice.Thefutureoftheseglaciersisindeedatrisk,butthereisstillapossibilityof

limitingtheirdisappearance.

16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“doomed”meaninparagraph1?

A.Polluted.B.Discovered.C.Endangered.D.Abandoned.

17.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?

A.Emissionshavemuchtodowiththeicemelting.

B.TheAlpsisexpectedtoloseallitsiceby2100.

C.Icelosswillbeavoidedwithemissionsprevented.

D.Largeicepieceswilljustexistatthemountaintop.

18.WhyaretheAsia'sicefieldsmentionedinparagraph4?

A.lbexplainhowglaciermeltingcameabout.

B.Toimplypollutionisaworldwideproblem.

C.Toshowwhatconsequencesicemeltingwillcause.

D.lbindicatetheAlpsisnotalonetofaceicemelting.

19.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthefutureofglaciers?

A.Objective.B.Optimistic.C.Critical.D.Doubtful.

【答案】16.C17.A18.D19.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了阿爾卑斯山和亞洲的冰川面臨嚴重威脅，可能在本世紀末融化，

文中分析了其原因，同時也提出了解決問題的思路。

【16題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后"Theseglacierswillmeltbytheendofthecenturyasglobaltemperaturesrise,

accordingtoarecentstudy.（根據(jù)最近的一項研究，隨著全球氣溫的上升，這些冰川將在本世紀末融化）”可

知，冰川