熱考主題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(三) 生態(tài)環(huán)保

熱考主題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(三)生態(tài)環(huán)保(限時(shí)30分鐘)A(2023·信陽(yáng)三模)ResearcherRuijiaHusaidwildlifehabitatincrowdedplaceslikesouthwentOhioisbecomingincreasinglyfragmented(分散)asforestsgivewaytonewconstruction.Eventually,thiscouldmaketroubletoananimalwithspecifichabitatneedslikeOhio'npileated(紅冠)woodpecker.Pileatedwoodpeckershavethenicknamecarpenterbirdsfortheirnever-endingnaturalwoodworking.Theypeckoutholesintreesfortheirnestseveryyear,creatinglotsofvaluablehomesforanimalslikefoxsquirrelsandowls.“Theymakenewnestseveryyear.Theywon'treuseoldones，”Husaid.“Otheranimalsdependonthem.”Pileatedwoodpeckersareprivatebirdsthataremoreoftenheardthanseen.Studyingthemcanbeespeciallydifficult.SoHuturnedtocitizenscienceforhelp.Toidentifywherewoodpeckershavebeenseen,sheusedeightyearsofsightingscollectedbybirdersandloggedintothewebsiteeBird,afreeonlinetoolandappthatanyonecanusetorecordtheirobservationsandlocations.Sheoverlaidthesesightingswithremotesensingdataandfoundthatcorridorsalongriversandcreekswithabundantmaturetreesanddeadwoodhelpedthebirdsadjusttotheirincreasinglyfragmentedurbanlandscape.“Withfragmentedforests,manyhabitatsthatwereoncesuitableforwildlifearebrokenup，”Husaid.“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds.Andeveniftherearesuitablehabitats,thedistancebetweenthemcanbetoogreat.Wildlifecorridorslinkupthesehabitatpatches.Sincewildlifecantravelandmigratefromonepatchtoanother,theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”“Therearesomanyspeciesinurbanareasthatwedon'tpayattentionto,especiallywhenthey'renotconsideredvulnerable，”Husaid.“Withdevelopmentchippingawayatmoreforestinthiscrowdedcounty,thetippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn))couldcomequicklyandunexpectedly.Youcan'tfixitovernight.It'snotjustaboutplantingmoretrees.Thebirdsneedmatureforest,soitcouldtake30to50yearstoreplacetheirhabitat.Atleastwecanprotecttheseriversideforestcorridorsandseethatexistingtreesreachmaturity.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了隨著森林被新的建筑所取代，野生動(dòng)物的棲息地正變得越來越分散，最終，這可能會(huì)給有特定棲息地需求的動(dòng)物帶來麻煩，比如俄亥俄州的紅冠啄木鳥。1．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Themagpie'snestisoccupiedbythedove.B．Birdsabandontheoldfortheneweasily.C．Friendshipreallyexistsamonganimals.D．One'strashisanothertreasure.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theypeckoutholesintrees...Otheranimalsdependonthem.”可知，紅冠啄木鳥每年都在樹上啄洞筑巢，但它們不會(huì)重復(fù)使用舊的，這些舊巢可以被其他動(dòng)物利用。2．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．TheeffectofHu'sstudyonbirds.B．TheprocessofHu'sresearch.C．ThedifficultyHuhadinherstudy.D．Theapplicationoftechnology.解析：選B段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述了胡的研究過程。3．Whatroledowildlifecorridorsplayforbirds?A．Helpingthemsurviveinthefragmentedlandscape.B．Makingthemadjusttodeadwoodquickly.C．Providingthemwithenoughfoodforsurvival.D．Ensuringthemastableandsafehabitat.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds...findingfoodandshelterishigher.”可知，野生動(dòng)物走廊幫助動(dòng)物在支離破碎的環(huán)境中生存。4．WhatdoesHuimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.B．Bewiseaftertheevent.C．Prepareforarainyday.D．Takethingsastheycome.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，此段中胡暗示：我們不能等問題出現(xiàn)了才去采取行動(dòng)，那樣就太晚了，我們需要未雨綢繆。[謹(jǐn)防最易錯(cuò)的那一個(gè)]錯(cuò)因：本題易誤A。部分考生不了解諺語(yǔ)的含義，而只是根據(jù)最后一段Hu講的話是關(guān)于森林砍伐之類的話題而誤認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選取與forest相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。分析：解答這種題目，平時(shí)要注意常用諺語(yǔ)的積累。如本題A項(xiàng)表示“獨(dú)木不成林”；B項(xiàng)表示“事后諸葛亮”；C項(xiàng)表示“未雨綢繆”；D項(xiàng)表示“順其自然”。結(jié)合最后一段Hu說的話可判斷應(yīng)該是“未雨綢繆”。B(2023·棗莊二模)AvolunteerteaminSouthAfricaisrescuingpangolinsfromillegaltradeastheanimalsfacegrowingthreatsofextinction.Pangolins,orscalyant-eatersastheyareotherwiseknown,areuniquespeciesfoundinAsiaandAfrica.Theyarecoveredinhardscales(鱗甲)．Whentheyfeelthreatened,theyrollupintoatightballwithonlytheirscalesexposed.Pangolinsarelittlestudiedandlittleunderstoodspecies.However,theyarepoachedandillegallytradedinAsiaandAfrica.TheirmeatisconsideredadelicacyinmanyAsiancountriesandthescalesareusedinexpensiveclothingandhandbags.Butmuchoftheillegaltradeinpangolinsinvolvestheirscales,whicharethoughttofightillnesses.Highdemandfortheirscaleshasresultedinpoachingandillegaltradedespitethefactthatthespeciesisprotected.TheAfricanPangolinWorkingGroupinJohannesburgisavolunteerteamofveterinarians(獸醫(yī))andwildlifeexperts.Theytakecareoftheirwounds,feedthemandbringthembacktohealth.NicciWrightheadsthegroup.“Whenwereceivethosepangolins,theyareallveryweak,whethertheyhavebeenwiththepoachersforafewdaysoruptotwoweeks，”Wrightsaid.“Theyhavegotwoundsandinjuries,anditisverypitifulandverydifficulttoemotionallydealwiththatkindofsufferingandabuse.”Thegroupisnotjusttreatingpangolins.Theyalsohelppolicetoidentifyandcatchpoachersandtraders,ofteninundercoveroperations.Theyalsoworkonanti-traffickingmeasures.Thelatestprogramistotraindogstosniffoutpangolinsbeinghiddenandtransported.Itisreportedthat97tonsofpangolinscaleswereseizedfromsmugglerswhotriedtotakethemoutofAfricalastyear.Thisamountstoabout150,000poachedanimals.However,it'sonlyabout20percentofthetotalnumber,becausetherestescapedwiththepoachers.“Ifthistrendcontinues,thereisaverylikelyextinctioneventforallspeciesofthepangolin，”Wrightnoted.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一個(gè)拯救穿山甲的組織以及他們的工作。5．Whyarepangolinsconsidereduniquemammals?A．Theirmeatmakesdeliciousfood.B．Theyhavescalestoprotectthemselves.C．Theyareindangerofdyingout.D．Theyarelittleunderstoodspecies.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，穿山甲之所以獨(dú)特，是因?yàn)樵谟龅酵{時(shí)它們可用鱗甲保護(hù)自己。6．Whatpushesthepoachingandillegaltradeofpangolins?A．FoodshortagesinAfrica.B．Healthbenefitsoftheirmeat.C．Medicinalvalueoftheirscales.D．Thedemandoffashionindustry.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butmuchoftheillegaltradeinpangolinsinvolvestheirscales,whicharethoughttofightillnesses.”可知，之所以有大量穿山甲非法貿(mào)易，主要是由于其鱗片的藥用價(jià)值。7．Whatdothevolunteerteam'seffortsfocuson?A．Catchingthepoachersandillegaltraders.B．Trainingdogstofindthehiddenpangolins.C．Reportinganyillegaltradeorpoaching.D．Treatingandtendingtherescuedpangolins.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theytakecareoftheirwounds,feedthemandbringthembacktohealth.”以及第六段中的“Thegroupisnotjusttreatingpangolins.”可知，該組織主要工作是照顧穿山甲的傷口，喂養(yǎng)它們，讓它們恢復(fù)健康，除此之外，也做一些別的工作。8．WhatisNicciWright'smajorconcernaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Pangolins'sufferingandabuse.B．Extinctionofallpangolinspecies.C．Adeclineinpangolinpopulations.D．Theresearchonpangolin'sbehavior.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Ifthistrendcontinues,thereisaverylikelyextinctioneventforallspeciesofthepangolin，’Wrightnoted.”可知，Wright主要擔(dān)憂的就是穿山甲的滅絕。C(2023·茂名二模)GrowingupinthePhilippines,constructionworkerJohnnyManlugaycombsthebeacheseachnightfortheeggsofseaturtles.Heknowsexactlywhattolookfor,ashewastrainedasachildbyhisgrandfatheronhowtolocatetheanimalsandtheireggs.Backthen,hisfamilytradedoratethem.Itwasn'taboutgettingrichasmuchasitwasjustapartoflife.Manlugayhassinceturnedoveranewleaf.Instead,heuseshistrackingskillstoprotecttheseaturtlesthatvisitthebeacheshelivesby.“I'velearnedtolovethiswork，”Manlugayacknowledgedinaninterview.“Wedidn'tknowpoaching(偷獵)wasillegalandthatweshouldnoteatturtleeggsandmeat.”Manlugaydelicatelytransferredeacheggintoabuckethebroughtwithhim,aswellassomesandfromtheturtlenests,tobehandedovertoCoastalUnderwaterResourceManagementActions(CURMA),thegroupleadingtheconservationprogramonthebeaches.Establishedin2009，theCURMAconservationefforthasgraduallytransformedseaturtlepoachersintovaluableallies(盟友).Theymanagethisbyofferingtrainingtoultimatelysavethousandsofturtlesandkeeptheireggsfromendingupeverywherebuttheirnests.“Wetalkedtothepoachers,anditturnedoutpoachingwasjustanothermeansforthemtoearnaliving，”explainedCarlosTamayo,thedirectorofoperations.“Theyhadnochoice.”O(jiān)naverage,seaturtleslay100eggsinanest.Thenumberofnestsinthearearangesbetween35and40eachseason,whichrunsfromOctobertoFebruary.Tamayonotedthatthefigureshaddoubledduring2020.“Lastseasonalone,forexample,wehad75nestsandwereleasedcloseto9,000hatching，”heshared.Oncecollected,theeggsarethentransferredtoCURMA’shatchery(孵化場(chǎng))tobereburiedinprotectedareas.Anotherformerpoacher,JessieCabagbag,grewupeatingturtlemeatandeggslikemanypeoplethere.“Istoppedpoachingwhenweunderwenttrainingandweretaughtthatwhatwehavebeendoingwasillegalandthatthesespeciesofturtlesareendangered，”heexplained.Now,headmits，“Iamtrulyproud.IamhappythatIgettocontributetotheconservationoftheturtles.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了菲律賓前海龜?shù)巴但C者成為保護(hù)者的故事。9．WhydidJohnnyManlugayhuntturtlesasachild?A．Tomakealiving. B．Tomakeafortune.C．Toprotectthem. D．Tolocatethem.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Backthen,hisfamilytradedoratethem.Itwasn'taboutgettingrichasmuchasitwasjustapartoflife.”可知，約翰尼·曼盧蓋小時(shí)候獵殺海龜?shù)脑蚴侵\生。10．HowdoesJohnnyManlugaydealwiththeturtleeggsnowadays?A．Tosellthem.B．Tohatchthem.C．Tohandthemovertoaconservationorganization.D．Toburythemundersomesandneartheturtlenests.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，曼盧蓋現(xiàn)在把海龜?shù)敖唤o一個(gè)保護(hù)組織。11．Onaverage,howmanyseaturtleeggsarelaidintheareaseasonally?A．About7,500.B．Closeto9,000.C．From3,500to4,000.D．Between3,500and10,000.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Onaverage，seaturtleslay100eggsinanest.Thenumberofnestsinthearearangesbetween35and40eachseason，whichrunsfromOctobertoFebruary.”可知，平均來說，一個(gè)季節(jié)在這個(gè)地區(qū)會(huì)產(chǎn)下3500到4000海龜?shù)啊?2．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．SeaTurtlesareWellProtectedinthePhilippinesB．LocalPeopleinthePhilippinesSearchtheBeachesforSeaTurtleEggsC．TheConservationProgramAimstoSaveEndangeredTurtlesD．FormerTurtleEggPoachersinthePhilippinesTurnProtectors解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一、二段可知，短文報(bào)道了菲律賓前海龜?shù)巴但C者成為保護(hù)者的故事。[謹(jǐn)防最易錯(cuò)的那一個(gè)]錯(cuò)因：本題易誤選C。部分考生未能把握住文章體裁的特點(diǎn)，只是根據(jù)“Establishedin2009，theCURMAconservationefforthasgraduallytransformedseaturtlepoachersintovaluableallies(盟友)．”，認(rèn)為文章的大意是介紹這個(gè)組織旨在幫助瀕危的海龜，從而誤選。分析：文章的標(biāo)題或主旨需要根據(jù)文章的體裁而定。本文是新聞報(bào)道，一般在開頭的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)部分概括交代報(bào)道的主題。文章的第一段介紹了JohnnyManlugay過去搜尋海龜?shù)笆菫榱酥\生，第二段介紹了現(xiàn)在搜尋海龜?shù)笆菫榱吮Ｗo(hù)海龜，再結(jié)合全文可判斷答案。D(2023·江門一模)AcityinDenmarkisabouttobecomethefirstintheworldtoprovidemostofitscitizenswithfreshwaterusingonlytheenergycreatedfromhouseholdwastewater.TheMarselisborgWastewaterTreatmentPlant(MWTP)inAarhushasundergoneimprovementsthatmeanitcannowproducemorethan150percentoftheelectricityneededtoruntheplant.Theextrapowercanbeusedtopumpdrinkingwateraroundthecity.Aswellasregularlypoweringtheentirewatersystemof200,000peoplelivingintheinnercityarea,anyunwantedelectricitycouldbesoldintothelocalpowernetwork.Theplantproducesenergyfromthebiogaswhichcreatesoutofhouseholdwastewater.Carbonisremovedfromthewastewaterandpumpedintodigesters(沼氣池)keptat38℃filledwithbacteria.Theseproducebiogas—mostlymethane—thatisthenburnedtomakeheatandelectricity.UpgradingthefacilitiesinMarselisborgrequirednearly3million,butAarhusWaterexpectsthattoberecoveredinjustfiveyears.OthercitiesinDenmark,includingCopenhagen,havebeentryingtocopytheexampleofAarhus.WhentalkingaboutcopyingDenmark'sexperience,MollyWalton,energyanalystatInternationalEnergyAgency,saysscientistsandengineerswouldfirstlyhavetoimproveenergyefficiency;anditrequiresanenormousamountofmoneythatcouldconsiderablyincreasethepriceofthewater.Moreover,towork,thewastewaterplantneedstobebigenoughtoproduceenoughbiogas,andeventhewastewaterhastobetheright-mix.Ifit'swatereddownbymuchstormorgroundwater,itwillbealmostimpossibletorecoverenergy,Waltonsays.With