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絕密★啟用前
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
數(shù)學(xué)(理科)
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名和座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上.
2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑.如需改
動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào).回答非選擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上.寫(xiě)在本試
卷上無(wú)效.
3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回.
一、選擇題:本題共12小題,每小題5分,共60分.在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有一項(xiàng)
是符合題目要求的.
1.設(shè)全集U=口,2,3,4,5},集合M滿足2M={1,3},則()
A2GMB.C.D.
2.已知z=l—2i,且z+aN+Z?=(),其中a,b為實(shí)數(shù),則()
A.a=\,b=—2B.a——1,/?=2C.a=l,b=2D.a=—\,b——2
3.已知向量滿足而|=1,|加=百,|£一2力=3,則£/=()
A.-2B.-1C.1D.2
4.嫦娥二號(hào)衛(wèi)星在完成探月任務(wù)后,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行深空探測(cè),成為我國(guó)第一顆環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)飛行的人造行星,為研究
bl=X+
嫦娥二號(hào)繞日周期與地球繞日周期的比值,用到數(shù)列{2}:伉=1+:,a+L
1
'a2
%=]+----*-j—
?,+-----「,…,依此類(lèi)推,其中&eN*(女=1,2,…).則()
%---
%
A,b、<b5B.b3<C.<b2D.b4<h7
5.設(shè)尸為拋物線。:丁=4》的焦點(diǎn),點(diǎn)A在C上,點(diǎn)8(3,0),若|"|=忸曰,則|鉆|=()
A2B.272C.3D.3yli
6.執(zhí)行下邊的程序框圖,輸出的〃=()
A.3B.4C.5D.6
7.在正方體ABCO-ABIGA中,E,F分別為AB,BC的中點(diǎn),則()
A.平面BtEF±平面BDD]B.平面B.EF1平面48。
C.平面4EF//平面AACD.平面片所〃平面AG。
8.已知等比數(shù)列{a“}的前3項(xiàng)和為168,勺_0s=42,則%=()
A.14B.12C.6D.3
9.已知球。的半徑為1,四棱錐的頂點(diǎn)為0,底面的四個(gè)頂點(diǎn)均在球。的球面上,則當(dāng)該四棱錐的體積最大
時(shí),其高為()
1加
A.-B
3-?
10.某棋手與甲、乙、丙三位棋手各比賽一盤(pán),各盤(pán)比賽結(jié)果相互獨(dú)立.已知該棋手與甲、乙、丙比賽獲勝
的概率分別為由,,2,外,且,3>,2>,|>0.記該棋手連勝兩盤(pán)的概率為。,則()
A.p與該棋手和甲、乙、丙比賽次序無(wú)關(guān)B.該棋手在第二盤(pán)與甲比賽,P最大
C.該棋手在第二盤(pán)與乙比賽,P最大D.該棋手在第二盤(pán)與丙比賽,P最大
11.雙曲線C的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn)為£,K,以C的實(shí)軸為直徑的圓記為。,過(guò)K作。的切線與C交于M,N兩點(diǎn),
3
且cosNENg=y,則C的離心率為()
A.@B.之C.叵D.叵
2222
12.已知函數(shù)y數(shù)),g(x)的定義域均為R,且/(x)+g(2—x)=5,g(x)-/(x-4)=7.若y=g(x)的圖像
22
關(guān)于直線x=2對(duì)稱,g⑵=4,則£/(&)=()
k=\
A.-21B.-22C.-23D.-24
二、填空題:本題共4小題,每小題5分,共20分.
13.從甲、乙等5名同學(xué)中隨機(jī)選3名參加社區(qū)服務(wù)工作,則甲、乙都入選的概率為.
14.過(guò)四點(diǎn)(0,0),(4,0),(-1,1),(4,2)中的三點(diǎn)的一個(gè)圓的方程為.
15.記函數(shù)/(X)=COS(Q)X+O)(0>O,O<°<71)的最小正周期為7,若于(J)=當(dāng),X=]■為/(X)的零
點(diǎn),則①的最小值為.
16.已知尤=%和x=z分別是函數(shù)/(x)=2優(yōu)—e/(a>0且awl)的極小值點(diǎn)和極大值點(diǎn).若
Xf<x2,則a的取值范圍是.
三、解答題:共0分.解答應(yīng)寫(xiě)出文字說(shuō)明、證明過(guò)程或演算步驟.第17~21題為必考題,每
個(gè)試題考生都必須作答.第22、23題為選考題,考生根據(jù)要求作答.
(一)必考題:共60分.
17.記△ABC的內(nèi)角A8,C的對(duì)邊分別為a,》,c,已知5抽。5山(4-8)=5抽85皿(。一/1).
(1)證明:2a2=b2+c2;
25
(2)若a=5,cosA=—,求△ABC的周長(zhǎng).
31
18.如圖,四面體ABC。中,AD±CD,AD=CD,ZADB=ZBDC,E為AC的中點(diǎn).
(1)證明:平面BED,平面4CQ;
(2)設(shè)AB=8D=2,NAC8=60。,點(diǎn)尸在8。上,當(dāng)△AEC的面積最小時(shí),求CF與平面43。所成的
角的正弦值.
19.某地經(jīng)過(guò)多年環(huán)境治理,已將荒山改造成了綠水青山.為估計(jì)一林區(qū)某種樹(shù)木的總材積量,隨機(jī)選取
3
了10棵這種樹(shù)木,測(cè)量每棵樹(shù)的根部橫截面積(單位:??)和材積量(單位:m),得到如下數(shù)據(jù):
總
樣本號(hào)i12345678910
和
根部橫截面積
0.040.060.040.080.080.050050.070.070.060.6
王
材積量X0.250.400.220.540.510.340.360.460.420.403.9
101010
并計(jì)算得=0O38,ZN=1.6158,W>j=0.2474.
i=li=li=l
(1)估計(jì)該林區(qū)這種樹(shù)木平均一棵的根部橫截面積與平均一棵的材積量;
(2)求該林區(qū)這種樹(shù)木的根部橫截面積與材積量的樣本相關(guān)系數(shù)(精確到0.01);
(3)現(xiàn)測(cè)量了該林區(qū)所有這種樹(shù)木的根部橫截面積,并得到所有這種樹(shù)木的根部橫截面積總和為
186m2.已知樹(shù)木的材積量與其根部橫截面積近似成正比.利用以上數(shù)據(jù)給出該林區(qū)這種樹(shù)木的總材積量的
估計(jì)值.
附:相關(guān)系數(shù)廠=〃,,麗”1.377.
fa一元)2次(y—刃2
Vi=li=l
20.已知橢圓E的中心為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),對(duì)稱軸為x軸、y軸,且過(guò)A(0,-兩點(diǎn).
(1)求E的方程;
(2)設(shè)過(guò)點(diǎn)。(1,一2)的直線交E于M,N兩點(diǎn),過(guò)M且平行于x軸的直線與線段A3交于點(diǎn)T,點(diǎn)“滿足
MT=TH-證明:直線4N過(guò)定點(diǎn).
21.已知函數(shù)/(x)=ln(l+x)+are-*
⑴當(dāng)a=l時(shí),求曲線y=/(x)在點(diǎn)(0,〃0))處的切線方程;
(2)若/(%)在區(qū)間(一1,0),(0,”)各恰有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),求a的取值范圍.
(二)選考題,共10分.請(qǐng)考生在第22、23題中任選一題作答.如果多做,則按所做的第一
題計(jì)分.
[選修4-4:坐標(biāo)系與參數(shù)方程]
_x=x/3cos
22.在直角坐標(biāo)系中,曲線C的參數(shù)方程為〈2t,(f為參數(shù)),以坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)為極點(diǎn),x軸正半
y=2sinf
軸為極軸建立極坐標(biāo)系,已知直線/的極坐標(biāo)方程為。sin(8+g)+/〃=0.
(1)寫(xiě)出/的直角坐標(biāo)方程;
(2)若/與C有公共點(diǎn),求m的取值范圍.
[選修4-5:不等式選講]
333
23.已知m4c都是正數(shù),且於+京+?=「證明:
(1)abc<-;
9
ahc,1
----1-----1----W—j
h+ca+ca+b2y]ahc
2020年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考英語(yǔ)試卷(新課標(biāo)III)
學(xué)校:姓名:班級(jí):考號(hào):
Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?
A.Inasupermarket.B.Inthepostoffice.C.Inthestreet.
【答案】c
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
2.
0
WhatdidCarldo?
A.Hedesignedamedal.B.HefixedaTVset.C.Hetookatest.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題。解析略。
3.
0
Whatdoesthemando?
A.He9satailor.B.He5sawaiter.C.He5sashopassistant.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
4.
0
Whenwilltheflightarrive?
A.At18:20.B.At18:35.C.At18:50.
【答案】c
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
5.
0
Howcanthemanimprovehisarticle?
A.Bydeletingunnecessarywords.
B.Byaddingacoupleofpoints.
C.Bycorrectinggrammarmistakes.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。
0
6.WhatdoesBilloftendoonFridaynight?
A.Visithisparents.B.Gotothemovies.C.WalkalongBroadway.
7.Whowatchesmusicalplaysmostoften?
A.Bill.B.Aarah.C.BilPsparents.
【答案】
6.B
7.B
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。
0
8.WhydoesDavidwanttospeaktoM汰e?
A.Toinvitehimtoaparty.
B.Todiscussaschedule.
C.Tocalloffameeting.
9.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?
A.Theyarecolleagues.
B.Theyareclosefriends.
C.They'venevermetbefore.
【答案】
8.C
9.C
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。
0
10.Whatkindofcameradoesthemanwant?
A.ATVcamera.
B.Avideocamera.
C.Amoviecamera.
11.Whichfunctionisthemanmostinterestedin?
A.Underwaterfilming.
B.Alargememory.
C.Auto-focus.
12.Howmuchwouldthemanpayforthesecondcamera?
A.950euros.
B.650euros.
C.470euros.
【答案】
10.B
11.A
12.C
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題。
0
13.WhoisClifford?
A.Alittlegirl.
B.Theman'spet.
C.Afictionalcharacter.
14.WhosuggestedthatNormanpaintforchildren'sbooks?
A.Hiswife.
B.Elizabeth.
C.Apublisher.
15.WhatisNorman'sstorybasedon?
A.Abook.
B,Apainting.
C.Ayoungwoman.
16.WhatisitthatshockedNorman?
A.Hisunexpectedsuccess.
B.Hiseffortsmadeinvain.
C.Hiseditor'sdisagreement.
【答案】
13.C
14.A
15.B
16.A
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題。
17.Whowouldliketomakesmalltalkaccordingtothespeaker?
A.Relatives.
B.Strangers.
C.Visitors.
18.Whydopeoplehavesmalltalk?
A.Toexpressopinions.
B.Toavoidarguments.
C.Toshowfriendliness.
19.Whichofthefollowingisafrequenttopicinsmalltalk?
A.Politics.
B.Movies.
C.Salaries.
20.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendattheendofhislecture?
A.Askingopen-endedquestions.
B.Feelingfreetochangetopics.
C.Makingsmalltalkinteresting.
【答案】
17.B
18.C
19.B
20.A
【解析】
【原文】
本題為聽(tīng)力題,解析略。
JourneyBackinTimewithScholars
ClassicalProvence(13days)
JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence,France,withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeof
thebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVan
GoghandGauguin.Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋頂)villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.
SouthernSpain(15days)
Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthescent(芳香)oforanges,butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremains
includingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks,RomansandArabs.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.Ronald
MessiertohistoricToledo,RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.
China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)
DiscovertheChinaoF'pastages,itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.
Highlights(精彩之處)includeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwaysand
peacefultemples.Wewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseumin
Shanghai.
Tunisia(17days)
JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga,the
undergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTataouineandMatmata,
uiqueforundergroundcities.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.
21.WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain?
A.Historicalmonuments.B.Fieldsofflowers.
C.VanGogh'spaintings.D.Greekbuildings.
22.WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout?
A.France.B.Spain.C.China.D.Tunisia.
23.WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour?
A.Whitetowns.B.Undergroundcities.C.Tile-roofedvillages.D.Rollinghills.
【答案】
21.A
22.C
23.B
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)國(guó)家中,那些可以讓人們回顧過(guò)去的著名景點(diǎn)。
21.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分的Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.(我們將參
觀一些世界上保存最完好的羅馬建筑遺跡)和第二部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我們
探索歷史遺跡和建筑)可知,在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客們可以參觀歷史遺跡。A.Historical
monuments(歷史遺跡)符合以上說(shuō)法,故選A項(xiàng)。
22.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三部分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中華神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof"past
ages**,itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacred
peaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwaysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的過(guò)
去,有墻的城市、寺廟和山景。精彩之處包括中國(guó)最神圣的泰山之巔,杭州起伏的群山、運(yùn)河和寧?kù)o的寺廟)
可知,去中國(guó)的神山之行總共有27天,而且Thorp對(duì)中國(guó)的名山非常了解。由此推測(cè)Thorp在這四個(gè)國(guó)家里
最了解中國(guó)。C.China(中國(guó))符合以上說(shuō)法,故選C項(xiàng)。
23.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四部分的TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga,theundergroundMumidian
capitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTaraounineandMatmata,uniqueforunderground
cities.(突尼斯的旅游亮點(diǎn)包括羅馬城市Dougga,地下城市Mumidian,它是BullaRegia的首府,RomanSbeitla
以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的區(qū)域,它們是獨(dú)特的地下城市)可知,突尼斯的旅游亮點(diǎn)是地下城市。B.
Undergroundcilies(地下城市)符合以上說(shuō)法,故選B項(xiàng)。
When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal
activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.
Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfor
notusingrealapes(猿)!”
Thecreativeteambehind“Apes"usedmotion-capture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,
spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith
computergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.
Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofit
organization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepinglabsonmorethan2,000
productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,““TheHangoverPartII”and
“Zookeeper,“havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.
Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it'sthe
off-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutside
theStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.
24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?
A.Toseefamousfilmstars.
B?Toopposewearingfurcoats.
C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.
D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.
25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?
A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”
B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.
C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”
D.Theperformanceofrealapes.
26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson“inparagraph3probablymean?
A.Listingcompletely.
B.Directingprofessionally.
C.Promotingsuccessfully.
D.Watchingcarefully.
27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?
A.Theymaybebadlytreated.
B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.
C.Theycouldbetradedillegally
D.Theywouldlosepopularity.
【答案】
24.D
25.B
26.D
27.A
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了電影“猩球崛起”上個(gè)月首次與公眾見(jiàn)面。動(dòng)物愛(ài)好者聚集在好萊塢前,感
謝電影制作者,在電影拍攝時(shí),沒(méi)有使用真的類(lèi)人猿。現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術(shù),而
一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)象,這讓一個(gè)非盈利的組織密切關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被
監(jiān)測(cè)到的。
24.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign
praisingthefilmmakers:uThanksfornotusingrealapes,,可知,相反,一名身穿全套猴服的活動(dòng)人士來(lái)到現(xiàn)
場(chǎng),手里拿著一塊牌子,稱贊電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動(dòng)物保護(hù)者聚集在好萊塢大道是
為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項(xiàng)。
25.
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ThecreativeteambehindHApes'*usedmotion-capture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technologytocreate
digitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactorJsperformanceand
laterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像)."可知,“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動(dòng)
作捕捉技術(shù)創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動(dòng)物,在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上,花費(fèi)數(shù)千萬(wàn)美元,然后用電腦圖形處理,以產(chǎn)生
最終的影像。由此可知,第二段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項(xiàng)。
26.
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsin
filmedentertainment(一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織,監(jiān)控動(dòng)物在電影娛樂(lè)中的待遇)以及下文Already,anumberof
films,including''WaterforElephants/*"TheHangoverPartII"and"Zookeeper,nhavedrawntheangerofactivists
whosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.(許多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉II”
和“管理員”,引起了動(dòng)物保護(hù)人士的憤怒,他們說(shuō)影片中的動(dòng)物沒(méi)有遭到很好的對(duì)待。)由此可知,其中一
家監(jiān)控動(dòng)物待遇的非營(yíng)利組織,今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出,劃線詞的意思是“密切關(guān)
注”。故選D項(xiàng)。
27.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothat
hasactivistsworried;it'stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestions
aboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedinthe
Sates."(在某些情況下,讓活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心的并不是電影棚里對(duì)動(dòng)物的待遇;讓人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。
還有一些關(guān)于在美國(guó)以外拍攝的電影的問(wèn)題,這些電影有時(shí)不像在美國(guó)拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)控。)可
知,在某些情況下,讓活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心的并不是工作室里動(dòng)物的待遇;令人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。由此判斷
出動(dòng)物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項(xiàng)。
Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesare
choosingtolivetogether.
Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe
groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.
Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof
multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing
machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.
“WefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouseJsaysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespokemore
withNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”
AndwhatdoesNickthink?"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,I
thinkIwould.”
It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrising
forsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisen
from325,000in2002to419,000in2013.
Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;many
moreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslive
withtheirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainis
thoughttobeabout1.8million.
Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.In
India,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheyget
married.
28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?
A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.
29.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?
A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.
30.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?
A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.
31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.
C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.
【答案】
28.B
29.A
30.C
31.D
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了在英國(guó),由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用,而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)
險(xiǎn),越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起,出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。
28.
細(xì)節(jié)理角吊題。根據(jù)第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthe
groundfloor.”可知,但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知,Rita在布里斯托爾的維多
利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項(xiàng)。
29.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldI
recommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知,尼克是怎么想的?”從我的角度來(lái)看,一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是
的,我想我會(huì)推薦在一起居住的?!庇纱伺袛喑?,尼克對(duì)和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項(xiàng)。
30.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationsliving
togetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報(bào)告顯示,三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的
32.5萬(wàn)戶增加到2013年的41.9萬(wàn)戶。根據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeir
parents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobe
about1.8million.”可知,據(jù)說(shuō),25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起,而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)
估計(jì),英國(guó)多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬(wàn)。由此可知,作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)
據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。
31.
主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其根據(jù)第一段"Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof
isolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知,由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用,而老年人又
面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國(guó)生活方式的一種上升趨勢(shì)。
故選D項(xiàng)。
Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccun-edbillionsofyearsago.Asscientists
lookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.
PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaand
northernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.
OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairor
tofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,
asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.They
havetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.
“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiesthe
Bajau.
Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingas
divers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanus
localislanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”
In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardaboutthe
Bajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethe
taskeasierforthem,"itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,saidDr.Ilardo.
ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.
32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?
A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.
C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.
33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?
A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.
34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?
A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.
C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.
35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders,SurvivalSkills
C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers
【答案】
32.B
33.D
34.C
35.A
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)人類(lèi)基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人類(lèi)的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前,而且最近幾千年
也有。Bajau人因?yàn)榭亢樯?,他們的身體已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成更能適應(yīng)海洋生活。
32.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyears
ago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfew
thousandyears.(我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物,而且不僅僅是數(shù)十億年前的產(chǎn)物。當(dāng)科學(xué)家更深入的研究我們的基因
時(shí),他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類(lèi)在過(guò)去幾千年進(jìn)化的例子)可知,作者列舉第一段的例子是為了告訴我們關(guān)于人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的
一個(gè)新信息,那就是人類(lèi)在最近幾千年也在進(jìn)化。B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution4人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的新知識(shí))
符合以上說(shuō)法,故選B項(xiàng)。
33.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,
MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthouseson
stillsincoastalwaters.(這些人被稱為Bajau,在印度尼西亞、馬來(lái)西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)十萬(wàn)人。他們一直住在船
屋上;最近他們也把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上)可知,Bajau把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)
符合以上說(shuō)法,故選D項(xiàng)。
34.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal
islanders4我們很驚訝,他們?cè)谒麓臅r(shí)間比我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膷u民要長(zhǎng)的多河知,讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是
Bajau人能在水下待更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他們能在水下待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)符合以上說(shuō)
法,故選C項(xiàng)。
35.
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容,尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamof
researchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四,在《細(xì)胞》雜志上發(fā)表的
一篇文章中,一群研究人員報(bào)道了一種新的適應(yīng)一一不是空氣也不是食物,而是海洋)可知,本文主要講述了
一種新的進(jìn)化,即長(zhǎng)期生活在海邊,靠海為生的生活方式,讓Bajau人的身體進(jìn)化成更適應(yīng)海洋生活。A.
BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身體為適應(yīng)海洋生活而重塑)可以作為本文標(biāo)題,故選A項(xiàng)。
Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentor
house.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowsthepanty.Thepartyisachanceforfriends
andfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.36.Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveand
hopefullypresents.
37.Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalorstoreorstores.
Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Even
ifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartora
plant.
38.Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallyno
plannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygive
alltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafteraperson
movesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39.
Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodto
anewhomeasagift.40.Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon'tusefirestokeepwarm.
A.Thisisn'tusualthough.
B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.
C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.
D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.
E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.
F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.
G.Th
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