2024屆新高考英語熱點精準(zhǔn)復(fù)習(xí)定語從句

2024屆新高考英語熱點精準(zhǔn)復(fù)習(xí)定

語

從

句1.基本概念定語從句:在復(fù)合句中起形容詞作用,作定語,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞:連接先行詞和從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞作主語作賓語作定語作表語作狀語指人who/thatwho/that/whom/不填whosethat/不填when、where、why2.關(guān)系詞及用法關(guān)系詞:在從句中作主語、賓語、定語、表語關(guān)系代詞的用法：1）先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，用who、that例：Thisisthedoctor_____________savedtheboy’slife.2）先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，用who、that、whom或不填例：Sheisthenewstudent________________________Iwanttointroducetoyou.3）先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，用that、which例：Thetrain_______________________hasjustleftisforHefei.4）先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，用that、which或不填例：Thenovel______________________Tomboughtisveryinteresting.who/thatwho/that/whom/不填that/whichthat/which/不填關(guān)系代詞的用法：5）先行詞指人和物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓定語，用whose例：Iwanttohelpthechildren__________parentsdiedintheearthquake.

Itwasameeting___________importanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.6）先行詞指人和物，關(guān)系代詞在句中作表語，只用that或不填例：Heisnolongertheman__________heusedtobe.

Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace___________itusedtobe.whosewhosethat/不填that/不填重難點1:“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語，又能作賓語；既可指人，也可以指具體事物或抽象概念?！皐hose+n”可以與ofwhom/which結(jié)構(gòu)互換有不同次序，即“whose+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n”例如：Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(whosebackwall=__________________________=__________________________)thebackwallofwhichofwhichthebackwall重難點2：只用that不用which的5種情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是all、much、everything、anything、nothing、little、none等不定代詞時；eg:Shetoldmetheeverything____________sheknew.2.當(dāng)先行詞被all、no、few、any、little、some、much、thelast、thevery、theonly等修飾時；eg:Ihavereadallthebooks___________wereborrowedfromothers.3.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級，或者被序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級修飾時；eg:Thisisthemostexcitingfootballgame____________Ihaveeverseen.4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時；eg:Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures_____________Isawintheroom.5.當(dāng)先行詞是以who/which開頭的疑問句時；eg:Whichisthebike______________youlost?thatthatthatthatthat關(guān)系副詞的用法：1.when表時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，先行詞通常有time、day、morning、night、week、year等。例：Istillrememberthetime___________Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.

Doyouknowthedate__________Lincolnwasborn?注意:當(dāng)occasion表示“(特定的)時刻”，即抽象意義的“時間”時，關(guān)系副詞用when如:Describeanoccasionwhenyouhadtogiveapresentationtotheaudience.whenwhen2.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞通常有place、spot、street、house、room、city、town、country等。例：Thisisthehotel___________theyarestaying.

Iforgetthehouse____________theSmithslived.注意:當(dāng)point、situation、case、condition、stage(階段)等作先行詞表達“情況，境地，場合”等抽象意義的地點時，關(guān)系副詞用where。如:Wewereputintoapositionwherewehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment..wherewhere3.why:指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。例：Thatisthereason__________heisleavingsosoon.why重點：三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。

when=on(in,at,during...)+which

where=in(at,on...)+which

why=forwhich例：IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=______________)hearrived.例：Theofficewhere(=_______________)heworksisonthethirdfloor.例：Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=__________________)wedidit.【識記指導(dǎo)】介詞后只能跟which；介詞根據(jù)動詞與先行詞的搭配來選擇。onwhichinwhichforwhich當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的time、day等和表示地點的place、house等時，一定要注意分析關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。I’llneverforgettheday___________myhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactory____________radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory____________makesradioparts.when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；而why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句that/whichwhenwherethat/which3.定語從句的分類限制性定語從句：與先行詞的關(guān)系密切；不使用逗號與主句分開；可以用that和why來引導(dǎo)；做賓語時能省略；只修飾先行詞，不可修飾整個句子或句子的一部分；例：Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.非限制性定語從句：與先行詞的關(guān)系不密切（是一種補充說明）；一般使用逗號與主句分開；不能用that和why來引導(dǎo)；做賓語時不能省略；可修飾整個句子或句子的一部分；例:Herdaughter,whoisinBoston,iscominghere.例:Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.重難點：只用which不用that的情況1.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時；eg:Iamlookingforaboxin__________Icanputalltheseeggs.2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時；eg:Peterdrovetoofast,____________wasdangerous.3.當(dāng)限制性定語從句中有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞是that時；eg:LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary__________wasnewlyopen.whichwhichwhich補充重難點：宜用who不用that的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如anyone、noone、nobody、anybody等eg:Isthereanyoneinyourclass____________isgoodatdancing?2.當(dāng)在therebe句型中，先行詞指人時；eg:Thereisayounglady______________isinastateofshock.3.當(dāng)先行詞是people、those時；eg:People____________wanttotravelabroadshouldapplyforapassportfirst.4.當(dāng)一個句子中有2個定語從句且先行詞都指人，而且其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that時；eg:Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleader____________studiesveryhard.whowhowhowho1.Dr.Rowan,_________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.2.Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefood_______providedbyMumwithappreciation.3.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum________openedin1759.4.Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolution_______suitseveryone.5.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkid______wouldenjoypublicspeaking.6.Whatyouneedisagreatteacher_______letsyoumakemistakes.課后習(xí)題whosethatwhichthatwhowho7.

Barbaraiseasytorecogniseasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomen_____wearseveningdress.8.

Thewriterandhisnovel________youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.9.Thereisnosuccesswithouthardwork;successissomething_______isonlyearnedaftermucheffort.10.

Sheistheteacherfrom_______Ihaveborrowedthisdictionary.11.

Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasall______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.12.

Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose______liveswereaffected.13.

Ihaveseenmostofthegreatestbuildings______arefamousintheworldontheInternet.thatthatthatvwhomthatwhosethat二、用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句合并下列句子1.Ihaveafriend.Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.____________________________________________________________________________2.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.__________________________________________________