高中英語(yǔ)北師大版必修二課件：Unit+6+Design+Period+Six+Grammar+and+Writing

PartSix

Grammar&Writing2．表示時(shí)間之前用before，之后用after或in。例如：We'llhavetofinishtheworkbeforerainseason.雨季到來(lái)之前，我們得干完這些活。(1)表示“在某段時(shí)間之后”，介詞in短語(yǔ)常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。Pleasewaithere.I'llcomebackinafewminutes.請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒等一下。我?guī)追昼姾缶突貋?lái)。(2)after與表示“某段時(shí)間”的詞語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去時(shí)。after與表示“某一特定時(shí)間”的詞語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：Hecamebackfromabroadaftertwoyears.兩年后他從國(guó)外回來(lái)了。We'llcomebackafterfiveo'clock.我們將在五點(diǎn)以后回來(lái)。4．by，during，till，until表時(shí)間(1)by表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示“不遲于，到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂?。Yoursonwillbeallrightbysuppertime.到晚飯時(shí)你兒子就會(huì)好了。(2)during可以表示一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，也可以表示這段持續(xù)時(shí)間中的某一點(diǎn)或一刻，視具體情況而定。Hecalledonmeduringmyabsence.他來(lái)看我時(shí)我不在。(3)till與until也可以表示一段時(shí)間。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，till在肯定句中與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，until則常用在否定句中，與瞬間動(dòng)詞連用。HehadstayedinShanghaitilllastweek.他在上海一直呆到上星期。Don'tgoawayuntilIcomeback.我回來(lái)你才能離開(kāi)。注意：表示時(shí)間的介詞的區(qū)別1．a(chǎn)t，in和onat表示片刻的時(shí)間，at8o'clock，atNewYear等。in表示一段時(shí)間，inthemorning，inthefuture等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，onMonday，onChristmasmorning等。2．since和fromsince表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用。Wehavenotseeneachothersince2005.自從2005年以來(lái)我們彼此未見(jiàn)面。Ihopetodomorningexercisefromtoday.我希望從今天開(kāi)始晨練。二、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞1．a(chǎn)t和inat用于表示比較狹小的地點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)空間范圍；in用于表示比較寬敞的地點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)空間和地域。I'llwaitforyouatXisiNo.22BusStoptomorrow.我明天在西四的22路公共汽車站等你。Wearetoassembleattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.我們明天早晨在學(xué)校大門口集合。WereyouborninShanghai?你是在上海出生的嗎？Theyareallinthedininghall.他們都在餐廳。2．in和toin表示在某一區(qū)域以內(nèi)；to表示在某一區(qū)域以外，相對(duì)于某一事物的位置。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海坐落在中國(guó)的東邊。MyhouseisinthenorthoftheBeijingcity.我家在北京城的北面。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)的東邊。3．on，above，over和below，under(1)on可以指“在……的上面”(有接觸面)，也可以指“在靠近……的地方”。Therearemanypicturesonthewall.墻上有許多畫。Myseatisontheleftofmymother.我的座位在媽媽的左邊。(2)above表示“在……上方”，但不一定是正上方。Sheisnowlivinginaflatabovethepostoffice.她現(xiàn)在住在郵局上面的一套公寓里。TheplanewasflyingaboveHimalayas.飛機(jī)那時(shí)正飛越喜馬拉雅山。(3)over表示“在……的正上方”，即垂直的上方。Acrowjustflewoverhishouse.一只烏鴉剛好從他家房上飛過(guò)。Theboysjumpedoverastreamoneafteranother.男孩兒們一個(gè)接一個(gè)地從小溪上方一躍而過(guò)。(4)below表示“在……的下方”，但不一定是正下方，是above的反義詞。Belowthewindowsofherflatisafreemarket.在她公寓的窗戶下面是一個(gè)自由市場(chǎng)。(5)under表示“在……的正下方”，即垂直的下方，反義詞是over。Underthechairthereisacatsleeping.椅子下面有一只貓?jiān)谒X(jué)。4．inthefrontof和infrontofinthefrontof與infrontof具有不同的含義。前者表示在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部，后者表示某一范圍之外的前面。Theteacherisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老師正站在教室的前面。(在教室之內(nèi))Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.教室的前面有一棵樹。(在教室之外)5．除了上述介詞外，表示地點(diǎn)的介詞還有：表示“在……旁邊”的at，by，beside，nextto，near；表示“在……之間”的between和among；表示“在……四周”的around等。三、表示動(dòng)作的介詞1．into和outofinto表示“進(jìn)入”，用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，經(jīng)常與come，go，run，rush等連用。outof表示“從……里出來(lái)”，與into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。Thechildranintohismother'sarms.那孩子跑入他母親的懷抱。Hetookthecardoutofhispocketandshowedittotheguard.他把證件從口袋里拿出來(lái)，并給警衛(wèi)出示了一下。2．to，for和fromto表示“到……(某地或方向)”；for表示“向……”，用于表示目的地；from表示“從……來(lái)”。Cometomyhouse，Susan.蘇姍，到我家來(lái)一趟。She'llleaveforEnglandnextMonday.下周一她將動(dòng)身去英國(guó)。WecomefromChina.我們來(lái)自中國(guó)。3．a(chǎn)long，across和throughalong表示“順著，沿著”；across表示“橫過(guò)，橫跨”；through表示“通過(guò)，貫穿”。Hewalkedalongthestreettotherailwaystation.他沿著那條街向火車站走去。Hesawmeandcametomeacrosstheroad.他看見(jiàn)了我，便穿過(guò)馬路向我走來(lái)。Hersonwastoofattogothroughthedoor.她兒子太胖了，過(guò)不去這個(gè)門。注意：下列介詞的區(qū)別(1)表示“穿過(guò)……”的through和acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端從表面上通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)。Waterflowsthroughthepipe.水從水管里流出。Thelakewasfrozen，sowewalkedacrosstheice.湖水結(jié)冰了，所以我們從冰上走了過(guò)去。(2)into和in①into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置；in通常表示位置。Wewalkedintothepark.我們走進(jìn)公園。Wewalkedinthepark.我們?cè)诠珗@里走著。②in和drop，fall，put，throw，break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，也可以表示動(dòng)向。Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)口袋里。Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1．Tonysawatoy

ashopwindow.2．

waitingforhalfanhour，shewasbeginningtogetimpatient.3．Shirley，arealbookreader，oftenbringshomemanybookstoread

thelibrary.4．Thesetoysarenotsuitableforchildren

fouryearsold，whoaretooyoung.5．Asyouknow，Taiwanis

thesoutheastofChina.inAfterfromunderin6．ThecouplefromSwedentraveled

BeijinglastTuesday.7．YoucanseeclearlyfromthemapthatHubeilies

thenorthofHunan.8．Anewbridgewillbebuilt

theriver.9．Thereisalamp

thedesk.10．Doyouthinktheshirtistootight

theshoulder?11．Wehaven'tseeneachother

threeyearsago.12．Ittookusacoupleofhourstowalk

theforest.13．Thattrafficaccidenthappened

themorningofMaythethird.14．

the19thcenturyEnglishpeoplelikedtogototheseaside.15．Let'sstartout

7amand8am.inonoveronacrosssincethroughonInbetweenⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．MycousininvitedmetoadanceaftertheshowinChristmasEve. in→on2．TheysaidallthebuildingsfortheOlympicGameswouldbecompletedafterthreemonths. after→in3．Thereisnothingimportanttodointomorrowafternoon，isthere？ 去掉in4．IhadagoodtalkoverlunchwithTinaatherhomeonyesterdaymorning.去掉on5．MygrandfatherwasborninOctober,10th,1935inasmallmountainvillage.第一個(gè)in→on6．Ithappenedtobeverycoldinthemorningofoursportsmeeting.in→on7．ShewillflyinBeijingtoHongkong.in→from8．ThetraintoShanghaihasbeenaway. to→for9．Theteachercameintheclassroomwithasmile.in→into10．It'sdangeroustorunthroughthebusyroad.through→across11．Ittookustenminutestodriveoverthetunnel.over→through12．TheplanewillarriveatBeijingat13：00. at→in13．ThenewroadwillbeopeninMayDay. in→on14．Comeinthehouse!It'scoldoutside. in→into15．Let'sclimbonthemountainbeforeit'sdark. on→over

觀察下列句子，體會(huì)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的使用。1．(2015·湖南卷)Itisatrulydelightfulplace，whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.2．(2015·北京卷)OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch，whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.3．(2015·浙江卷)Creatinganatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.4．(2015·天津卷)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.5．(2015·四川卷)Thebooksonthedesk，whosecoversareshiny，areprizesforus.6．(2015·陜西卷)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.7．(2015·江蘇卷)Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.8．(2016·江蘇卷)Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.9．(2016·北京卷)Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.10．(2016·浙江卷)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.11．(2016·天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.12．(2014·福建卷)Studentswouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheygainexperienceforgrowth.13．(2014·天津卷)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，eachofwhichusesitdifferently.14．(2013·遼寧卷)Hemaywinthecompetition，inwhichcaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.15．(2013·浙江卷)Thechildren，allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong，werewornout.用來(lái)說(shuō)明句子中某一名詞、詞組或代詞(有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子中的一部分)而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：(1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；(2)代替先行詞；(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.與我父親握手的那個(gè)人是一名警察。該句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theman，who是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞theman，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞是用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的詞，關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose等。1．that既可指人又可指物，在句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.(作賓語(yǔ))我煮的面條很好吃。Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.(作賓語(yǔ))昨天我們見(jiàn)到的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。Thewomanthatspoketomeintheshopismyaunt.(作主語(yǔ))在商店里和我說(shuō)話的那個(gè)婦女是我的姨媽。2．which僅指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.(作主語(yǔ))中國(guó)是一個(gè)具有悠久歷史的國(guó)家。Thefish(which)weboughtthismorningwasnotfresh.(作賓語(yǔ))我們今天早晨買的魚不新鮮。3．who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)中也可作賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Themanwhoistalkinghappilywithmyteacherismyfather.(作主語(yǔ))正在和老師愉快交談的那個(gè)人是我父親。Thegirl(who)Ispoketoisanurse.(作賓語(yǔ))和我說(shuō)話的那個(gè)女孩是一位護(hù)士。4．whom指人，是who的賓格形式，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。Sheisthemanager(whom)youwanttoknow.(作賓語(yǔ))她是你想認(rèn)識(shí)的那個(gè)經(jīng)理。5．whose指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。Iknowaboywhosefatherisanengineer.(作定語(yǔ))我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)男孩，他的父親是位工程師。Shesawafilmwhosenameshehasforgotten.(作定語(yǔ))她看了一部電影，名字她忘記了。6．定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Thosewhoareintheirfortiesarerequiredtohaveaphysicalexaminationthisafternoon.要求那些四十多歲的人在今天下午進(jìn)行體檢。二、關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況：1．先行詞是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞時(shí)。Thereisnotmuchthatoughttobedonerightnow.沒(méi)有多少應(yīng)該馬上做的事情。2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。I'llneverforgetthefirstlessonthatIlearned.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我學(xué)的第一課。3．先行詞被all，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等詞修飾時(shí)。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.我讀完了你給我的所有書。4．先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等修飾時(shí)。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.他是我想與之交談的唯一一個(gè)人。5．先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他們談到了他們?cè)趯W(xué)校里記住的事情和人。Ⅲ.選用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞完成下列定語(yǔ)從句1．Thegirl

servedinthestorewastheowner'sdaughter.2．Herearemyneighbours

homewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.3．Isthatbuilding

windowsfacetheseayouroffice?4．Hereisabook

willgiveyoualotofusefulknowledge.5．Thisisthepainting

welikebest.6．I'llneverforgetthedayon

ImethiminBeijing.who/thatwhosewhosewhich/thatthat/whichwhich7．Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersintheopenairmadewithanything

theycouldfind.8．All

Itoldyoujustnowistrue.9．Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

theyaretalkingabout?10．Susandidn'tstudyhard，

ledtoherfailureinthefinalexams.thatthatthatwhichⅣ.把下列每小題的兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子1．Ihaveafriend.Heenjoyslisteningtoclassicalmusic.Ihaveafriendwho/thatenjoyslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2．LastweekMaryworethewatch.Iboughtitforher.LastweekMaryworethewatchthat/whichIboughtforher.3．TheboycomesfromAustralia.HisfatherisaChinese.TheboycomesfromAustraliawhosefatherisaChinese.4．Themillionairewantstovisitthetown.Hegrewupinit.Themillionairewantstovisitthetownwhichhegrewupin.5．Theoldmanlikesreadinglocalnewspapereveryday.Itcontainsu