適用于老高考舊教材廣西專版2023屆高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第二部分閱讀理解專題五篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(含七選五)課件

第二部分專題五篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(含七選五)英語內(nèi)容索引基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破新題演練?能力遷移基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本Ⅰ.詞匯復(fù)習(xí)17(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以m開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以m開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】The1.________________(謙遜的)minister2.______________(提到)thattheydidn’treportthenewsoftheplanethemomentitwas3.________________(消失)onthemonitor.Theyweremainlyworriedaboutcausingamessamongpeople.Nowthegovernmenthasmadeupitsmindtofinditandhopestoreducethelosstotheminimumlevel.Atthesametime,someministriesofthecountryhaveinspectedthechiefpilot’s4.________________(現(xiàn)代化的)flat.Buttheyfoundnothingaboutmurdering

motivationsexceptamodern

modelplane.

modestmentionedmissingmodern譯文

這位謙遜的部長提到,他們沒有在這架飛機(jī)從監(jiān)視器上一消失時(shí)就進(jìn)行報(bào)道。他們主要擔(dān)心這會(huì)引起人們的混亂?，F(xiàn)在政府下決心找到它,并希望將損失降到最低。同時(shí),這個(gè)國家的一些部門已經(jīng)檢查了機(jī)長的現(xiàn)代化公寓。但是,除了一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的飛機(jī)模型外,他們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何與謀殺動(dòng)機(jī)有關(guān)的東西。Ⅱ.高考范文必背(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)假定你是李華,你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國朋友家做客,發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關(guān)習(xí)俗。請你回復(fù)郵件,內(nèi)容包括:1.到達(dá)時(shí)間;2.合適的禮物;3.餐桌禮儀。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。[范文]DearTerry,Howareyougoing?Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutbeingaguesttoaChinesefriend’shome.Now,Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomerelevantdetails.Tobeginwith,accordingtoourtradition,youaresupposedtoarriveearly,sothatyoucanhelpthefamilypreparethedinner,whichismeaningfulandinteresting.Besides,you’dbetterbringsomegifts,likeabookoraChineseknot.What’smore,whenyouareenjoyingthemeal,youneedtoavoidmakingnoiseswhilechewingfood.Hopefully,thesesuggestionswouldbehelpfulforyou.Ihavetheconfidencethatyouwillhaveagreattime.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破高考對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的考查主要涉及兩個(gè)層次:一是按段落的組織方法理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu),二是按寫作方法(論證方法)理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。把握文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有利于理解文章的主題。其考查主要有兩種方式:一是在普通閱讀理解中,二是在閱讀理解第二節(jié)七選五題型中。一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)——普通閱讀理解(一)按段落的組織方法理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)文章的體裁有記敘文、說明文和議論文等,不同體裁的文章,其組織方法是不同的。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章所描述的事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論述觀點(diǎn)過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行推測、歸納和總結(jié)的能力。主要設(shè)題形式有:Whichofthefollowing(best)showstheorganization/structureofthepassage?Howisthepassageorganized?方法突破1.平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)要培養(yǎng)良好的概括能力;2.把握各段的要點(diǎn);3.掌握常見的寫作方法(時(shí)間順序、空間順序、舉例論證、對比等)和結(jié)構(gòu)(總→分、總→分→總、分→總等);4.結(jié)合不同的文體,全面考慮問題。例(2016·北京卷,D)Why

College

Is

Not

HomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思維方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群體)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(規(guī)定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?解析:C

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文第一、二段闡明大學(xué)生過分依賴家庭,未實(shí)現(xiàn)從受到家庭庇護(hù)到提高自主意識和成人責(zé)任意識的成功轉(zhuǎn)型,為Introduction。第三段為P1,建議大學(xué)生積極探索、實(shí)驗(yàn)、辯論、置疑,提升思維能力和個(gè)人素養(yǎng)。第四、五段為P2,從兩個(gè)方面(即Sp1和Sp2)強(qiáng)調(diào)了社交行為的重要性。最后兩段為總結(jié)段。故選C項(xiàng)。演練1Asearlyasthemid-18thcentury,somepeoplebeganraisingdoubtsaboutMarcoPolo’stravels.Theypointedtoseeminglyobviousomissions(遺漏)inhisdescriptionsoftheFarEast.In1995historianFrancesWoodarguedinherbookDid

Marco

Polo

Go

to

China?thatthefamousexplorerfromVenicenevermadeitpasttheBlackSea.ShenotedthathistraveljournalThe

Travels

of

Marco

PololeavesouttheGreatWallofChina,chopsticksandteaamongotherdetails.Furthermore,ChinesedocumentsfromPolo’sdaymakenomentionoftheexplorerandhismen.WoodandotherscholarshavearguedthatMarcoPolobasedhistalesofChinaoninformationcollectedfromfellowtraderswhohadactuallybeenthere.AteamofItalianresearcherssaidthatarchaeologicalevidencedoesn’tsupporthisdescriptionsofKublaiKhan’sinvasionsofJapan.Now,however,researchbyHansUlrichVogelofGermany’sUniversityofTübingenmighthelpproveMarcoPolowastrue.InanewbookMarco

Polo

Was

in

China,theprofessorofChinesehistorycounterstheargumentsmostfrequentlymadebyskeptics.HetriestoprovethatMarcoPolospokethetruth.Hesuggests,forexample,thatPolodidn’tincludetheGreatWallinhisbookbecauseitonlyachieveditsgreatimportanceintheMingDynasty,severalhundredyearslater.VogelfurtherexplainsthatChineserecordsfromthe13thand14thcenturiesroutinelyavoidedsettingdownvisitsofWesterners.HistoriansbeforehimhavetouchedontheseissueswhiledefendingMarcoPolo’shonor.ButVogelalsoreliesonanotherevidence:theexplorer’sverydetaileddescriptionsofcurrencyandsaltproductionintheYuanDynasty.AccordingtoVogel,PolodocumentedtheseaspectsofChinesecultureingreaterdetailthananyothersofhistime.Thisisahint(暗示)thattheVenetianreliedonhisownpowersofobservation.WillweeverknowwhetherMarcoPolotraveledtoChina?Perhapsnot,buttheconsequencesofhisrealorfictionaljourneyarestillfeltacrosstheglobe.OnereaderofThe

Travels

of

Marco

PoloisChristopherColumbus,whosteppedupontheNewWorldwhilefollowinginhisVenetianidol’sfootsteps.Q:Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?B解析:篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章圍繞馬可·波羅是否來過中國這一話題展開討論,在第一、第二段提出懷疑者的觀點(diǎn),第三、第四段提出肯定者的觀點(diǎn),最后作者總結(jié)全文。(二)按寫作方法(論證方法)理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)安排有如下類型:1.時(shí)間順序,按時(shí)間先后順序說明某一事物的發(fā)展,或某一研究由過去至現(xiàn)在的發(fā)展情況。2.空間順序,按照事物的空間結(jié)構(gòu)順序(從左到右,從內(nèi)到外,從整體到局部等)進(jìn)行描寫或說明。3.舉例論證,用所列舉的事物來論證觀點(diǎn),通常列舉一些數(shù)據(jù)、事例等。4.對比或類比,通常以對比各事物之間的共同點(diǎn)或差異為主。主要設(shè)題形式:Thepassageismainlydevelopedby

.

The...paragraphisdevelopedby

.

Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby

.

Howdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinparagraph...?方法突破1.找出文章的中心話題,找出段落的中心句;2.認(rèn)真分析文章或段落的內(nèi)容與中心話題和中心句的關(guān)系,以及內(nèi)容安排形式所屬類別;3.逐一篩選選項(xiàng)。例(2017·天津卷,D)Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefillingupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.55.Theauthorsupportshisviewby

.

A.exploringvariouscausesof“waits”B.describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits”D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”解析:C

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題?？v觀全文,尤其是第二、三、四段的首句“The

very

purest

form

of

waiting

is

the

Watched-Pot

Wait.”“A

cousin

to

the

Watched-Pot

Wait

is

the

Forced

Wait.”“Perhaps

the

most

powerful

type

of

waiting

is

the

Lucky-Break

Wait.”可知,作者分析了三種不同類型的等待來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。演練2WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythin?NowresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavouriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal.AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrench

Women

Don’t

Get

Fat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym.Q:Thetextismainlydeveloped

.

A.bycontrast

B.byspaceC.byprocess D.byclassificationA解析:篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀本文可知,作者是通過美國人和法國人的飲食習(xí)慣的對比來說明飲食習(xí)慣與肥胖的關(guān)系,所以選擇A項(xiàng)by

contrast(通過對比)。二、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)——七選五閱讀理解[考情分析]七選五閱讀理解題是在一段約300詞的短文中留出5個(gè)空白,要求考生從所給的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順,前后連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)

完整。題目選項(xiàng)根據(jù)句法功能大致可分為:大小標(biāo)題類、主題句子類、承上啟下類、語篇拓展類、概括總結(jié)類(注意:承上啟下類、語篇拓展類、概括總結(jié)類一般為完整的句子;大小標(biāo)題類、主題句子類可為句子,也可以為單詞或短語)。根據(jù)空格在句中所處的位置分為:單獨(dú)成段、句首、句中和句末。[解題策略]1.理順文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次一般來說,一個(gè)段落通常由幾個(gè)語段構(gòu)成。我們在分析語段層次時(shí),可以借助連接詞語做出判斷,但最主要的還是要真正體會(huì)句子的意義關(guān)系,把握作者的思路,從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點(diǎn),理清層次。2.善于捕捉語篇信息語篇信息可能來自上文,也可能來自下文,還可能是上下文的綜合信息。3.關(guān)注過渡性詞語把握語篇中的邏輯關(guān)系詞,如一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞或副詞but,however,yet,though,nevertheless等;表示承接關(guān)系的連詞so,副詞thus,therefore等;表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的副詞furthermore,moreover,詞組what’smore等;表示同位關(guān)系的詞組thatistosay等;另外還有一些表示并列關(guān)系的連詞(詞組)and,also,aswellas,neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...but(also)...,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...等。通過不同的連詞(詞組)或副詞(詞組)我們可以推知句子與句子之間的不同關(guān)系。4.根據(jù)位置關(guān)系而確定的解題方法(1)單獨(dú)成段主要考查文章的大小標(biāo)題,以一些特殊符號、黑色加粗或數(shù)字等為標(biāo)志。如果選擇大標(biāo)題,要仔細(xì)研究第一段和最后一段。如果選擇小標(biāo)題,需要把下面的整個(gè)段落讀懂。(2)位于句首的一般是主題句子類或承上啟下類。要關(guān)注空格后的內(nèi)容,特別是注意第一句話。(3)位于句中的主要是語篇拓展類(或承上啟下類),重點(diǎn)是空格前后的內(nèi)容(注意在選項(xiàng)中查找與該內(nèi)容相關(guān)的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語等)。(4)位于句末的通常是概括總結(jié)類,用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容。此時(shí)要選擇概括性強(qiáng)的選項(xiàng)。例(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)A

Few

Tips

for

Self-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.

36

Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.

●

37

Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.

●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.

38

Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?“Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.”

●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.

39

●Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.

40

Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?

A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自我接受的幾種方法,倡導(dǎo)自尊自信、樂觀向上的人生態(tài)度。36.B

此處為過渡句。根據(jù)上文提到的接納自己有時(shí)很難,聯(lián)系下文的“Here’s

a

handful

of

ways

that

will

set

you

in

the

right

direction.”可知,此處表示“你從何處開始呢?”。故B項(xiàng)合適。37.F

段前空格考查主題句。根據(jù)后面的“Do

not

follow

the

people

who

make

you

feel

not-good-enough.”可知,此處表示“停止與別人比較”。故選F項(xiàng)。38.D

此處為段中承上啟下過渡句。根據(jù)開頭提及的“Forgive

yourself

for

mistakes...”以及后面的“You

will

make

mistakes...”可知,此處表示“要記住,你只是個(gè)普通人”。故選D項(xiàng)。39.C

此處為總結(jié)句。本段講述要認(rèn)識自身的長處,將它們寫進(jìn)日記,將你的成就列出來。你有一份工作,你獲得了學(xué)位,你今天沒有賴床。最后總結(jié):無論事情多小,都值得慶賀。故選C項(xiàng)。40.A

此處為過渡句。根據(jù)上文中的“Put

into

words

why

you

feel

unworthy,why

you

don’t

feel

good

enough.”可知,此處表示“又感到不安了嗎?”。don’t

feel

good

enough與A項(xiàng)中的upset同義。故選A項(xiàng)。演練3(2021·全國甲卷)Swap,Don’t

Shop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(資源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?

1

.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It’sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.

2

,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

·

3

.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.

·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.

4

.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.

·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go”,orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.

5

.Anddon’tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了通過衣物交換來處理舊衣服的方法——衣物交換派對,以及一些具體的流程。1.B

解析:上一句“So

what

to

do

with

all

those

perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them

clothes

piled

on

your

bedroom

floor?”提出問題:那么,怎么處理那些堆在臥室地板上的完美但你可能有點(diǎn)兒討厭的衣服呢?而下一句“It’s

the

best

way

to

get

rid

of

your

used

clothes...”則說“這是處理你的舊衣服的最佳方法……”。因此,空白處是解決問題的方法,B項(xiàng)“Hold

a

clothing

swap”(進(jìn)行衣服交換)與此內(nèi)容相符。故選B項(xiàng)。2.A

解析:根據(jù)下文提示more

than

that可知,A項(xiàng)“Less

people

than

that”與此相呼應(yīng)。句意:邀請5到10個(gè)人,這樣你就有了一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。人比那少,可能沒有足夠的東西可供選擇;比那更多的人參加,就變得無法控制。故選A項(xiàng)。3.G

解析:下一句“They

should

also

prepare

plenty

of

reusable

bags

to

carry

their

‘new’

clothes

home.”是說“他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備大量可重復(fù)使用的袋子,把‘新’衣服帶回家?！迸c此相對應(yīng)的是“Tell

everyone

to

bring

clean

clothes

in

good

condition.”,即“告訴大家把干凈的、完好的衣服帶來?！惫蔬xG項(xiàng)。4.F

解析:上一句“Put

different

types

of

clothing

on

different

surfaces

in

the

room.”表示“把不同類型的衣服放在房間的不同臺面上?！焙竺娴木渥印癙lace

a

few

mirrors

around

your

room

so

people

can

see

how

things

look

when

they

try

them

on.”則表示“在你的房間周圍放幾面鏡子,這樣人們在試穿時(shí)就能看出衣服是否合身?！庇纱送浦?此處表示“讓每個(gè)人把衣服放在房間合適的地方?！敝挥蠪項(xiàng)“Have

everyone

put

their

clothes

in

the

right

spots”與此相符。故選F項(xiàng)。5.D

解析:前面的句子“Set

a

starting

time.Maybe

you

say

‘go’,or

turn

on

a

certain

song,or

whatever.”表示“設(shè)定開始時(shí)間。也許你說‘開始’,或者打開某首歌,或者別的什么?！庇纱送浦?在這個(gè)過程中“一直播放著音樂”,D項(xiàng)“Just

keep

music

playing

throughout”與此相符。故選D項(xiàng)。新題演練?能力遷移AWhilemostofusarehappytotakethecreditwhenthingsgowell,fewofusarewillingtotaketheblamewhenthingsgowrong.Ratherthantryingtohideourshameorembarrassment,expertsfoundthatwearesimplylessawarewhenouractionsresultinanegativeoutcome.Theresearchmayexplainwhyweoftenfeelithardtotaketheblameforouractions.“Ourresultsuggeststhatpeoplemayreallyexperiencelessresponsibilityfornegativethanforpositiveoutcomes,”saidPatrickHaggard,leadingresearcherandprofessoroftheinstituteofCognitiveNeuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.Inaseriesoftests,participantswereaskedtopressakey.Asoundthenfollowed,eitherdisapproving,neutralorapproving,andtheywerethenaskedtoestimatethetimebetweentheactionandwhentheyhadheardthesound.Researchersfoundthatindividualsexperienceddifferentlevelsofresponsibilitydependingontheoutcomes.Theyalsodiscoveredtheyweresignificantlyslowertorecognizeiftheiractionshadresultedinabadconsequence,comparedtowhentheyhaddonewell.“Effectively,wehavefoundthatweexperienceanegativeoutcomedifferently,notjustretellitdifferently.Wemakeaweakerconnectionwhenthereisabadresult.Andrespondmuchmorestronglywhensomethinggoodhappens,”saidProfessorHaggard.Whensomethinggoesright,everyonewantstotakethecredit,andwhenthingsgowrong,nobodyisinterestedinputtingtheirhandsup.Theresearcherssaidourbrainis“verymuchconcerned”withreward,asgoodresultsarekeytosurvival.Althoughourownperception(認(rèn)知)ofwhetherweareguiltyofsomethingornotischangedbytheoutcomes,thisdoesnotprovideadefenseifwehavedonesomethingwrong.“Ourexperienceofourownresponsibilitiescanbemisleadingandcanbestronglycoloredbytheoutcomesofouractions,”saidProfessorHaggard.“Wehavetotakeresponsibilityforwhatweactuallydo,notjustforhowweexperiencethings.”

【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了人們很少注意到自己的行為所造成的負(fù)面影響。1.Peoplewhodon’ttaketheblamefortheiractions

.

A.alwaystrytohidetheirshameorembarrassmentB.areonlywillingtotakethecreditwhenthingsgowellC.feellessresponsiblefornegativethanforpositiveoutcomesD.arelessawareofwhattodowhenanegativeoutcomehappensC解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到的“Our

result

suggests

that

people

may

really

experience

less

responsibility

for

negative

than

for

positive

outcomes...”可知,我們的結(jié)果顯示,比起積極的結(jié)果,人們傾向于對消極的結(jié)果感受到更少的責(zé)任。故選C項(xiàng)。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Ourlevelofresponsibilitycanbestronglyaffectedbytheoutcomesofouractions.B.Whensomethingbadhappens,nobodyisinterestedindealingwiththeproblem.C.Peoplewerequickertorecognizeiftheiractionshadresultedinabadconsequence.D.Participantswereaskedtocountthetimebetweenpressingakeyandhearingthesound.A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段提到的“Researchers

found

that

individuals

experienced

different

levels

of

responsibility

depending

on

the

outcomes.”可知,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)體所能承受的責(zé)任度取決于結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。3.Howisthepassagedeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byquotingresearchfindings.C.Bymakingcomparison.D.Byprovidingdata.B解析:篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第二段提到的“The

research

may

explain

why

we

often

feel

it

hard

to

take

the

blame

for

our

actions.”和第四段提到的“Researchers

found

that

individuals

experienced

different

levels

of

responsibility

depending

on

the

outcomes.”可知,文章是通過引用研究結(jié)果展開的。故選B項(xiàng)。4.Accordingtothepassage,apersonwhoisconcernedwithrewardis

.

A.awkwardB.naturalC.absurd D.stubbornB解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段提到的“The

researchers

said

our

brain

is

‘very

much

concerned’

with

reward,as

good

results

are

key

to

survival.”可知,研究表明我們的大腦會(huì)很關(guān)心回報(bào),這是因?yàn)楹玫慕Y(jié)果是幸存的關(guān)鍵,由此推知一個(gè)人如果關(guān)注回報(bào)也是很自然的事情。故選B項(xiàng)。B(2022·廣西桂林、崇左、賀州、河池、來賓高三聯(lián)合模擬)Doyoulookforwardtospringeachyear?Whatisspringlikeinyourmind?

1

Ifyou’reoneofthefansofnature,youcan’twaituntiltulipsandotherspringflowersburstforthinalltheirglory.

Manyofusalreadyknowthatthere’sadifferencebetweenannualsandperennials(多年生植物).Someplants,calledannuals,growfromseeds,produceflowers,anddieallinoneyear.

2

Thesearetheplantsthatcomebacktobloomataboutthesametimeyearafteryear.

3

Infact,they’resomeoftheoldestplantsintheworld.Someoftheearliestspeciesofnon-floweringplantsfirst,appearednearly400millionyearsago.Botanistsbelievethatthewidevarietyoffloweringplantsweseetodaydevelopedfromtheseolderformsofnon-floweringplants.

Aretheseancientspeciesofnon-floweringplantsstillinexistencetoday?Youbettheyare!Andyou’reprobablyfamiliarwithmanyofthem.Theyarevariousspeciesofconifers(松柏類植物).

4

Thataplantdoesn’tflowerdoesn’tmeanthatitcan’tbebeautiful,though.

5

Theymightnotproduceflowers,buttheycertainlyprovideanattractivebackdropofnaturalbeautythatcanhelphighlightthosefloweringplantsthatoftenexistaroundthem.

A.Mostplantsfloweratafixedseasoneachyear.B.Therearesomeplants,though,thatdon’tfloweratall.C.Theyincludewoodytreesyouknowbynamesuchaspines,firsandcedars.D.Actually,plantsproducingflowersaremorebeautifulthanthosewhichdon’t.E.Perennials,ontheotherhand,canliveformanyyearsandflowermanytimes.F.Besideswarmerweather,itusuallycomeswithcolorandbeautyintheformofflowers.G.Ifyouseepinetreesonasnow-coveredhillside,youcanappreciatetheirevergreenbeauty.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾種不同的植物。1.F

解析:前一句“What

is

spring

like

in

your

mind?”提出問題:你心中的春天是什么樣子的?空處應(yīng)是對此的回答,F項(xiàng)“除了溫暖的天氣,它通常以花的形式呈現(xiàn)出色彩和美麗?！泵枋龃禾斓木跋?且F項(xiàng)中的flowers和下一句中的“tulips

and

other

spring

flowers”呼應(yīng),故選F項(xiàng)。2.E

解析:本段首句“Many

of

us

already

know

that

there’s

a

difference

between

annuals

and

perennials.”提到兩種植物,空前一句“Some

plants,called

annuals,grow

from

seeds,produce

flowers,and

die

all

in

one

year.”介紹了一年生植物,空處應(yīng)是介紹多年生植物,E項(xiàng)“另一方面,多年生植物可以活很多年,開很多次花”符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。3.B

解析:根據(jù)空后兩句“In

fact,they’re

some

of

the

oldest

plants

in

the

world.Some

of

the

earliest

species

of

non-flowering

plants

first,appeared

nearly

400

million

years

ago.”可知,空處應(yīng)