適用于老高考舊教材廣西專(zhuān)版2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型解讀 思維導(dǎo)圖課件

第一部分語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容索引題型解讀?策略指導(dǎo)思維導(dǎo)圖?核心概覽題型解讀?策略指導(dǎo)一、語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空[考情分析]該題型要求在一篇200詞左右的短文中留出10個(gè)空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。[命題規(guī)律]一、語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空題強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),考查考生從宏觀上理解語(yǔ)篇和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力以及從微觀上熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和單詞的能力。其具體特征為:1.短文題材:題材多樣,或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵、文化交往,或給人以啟迪等。2.短文長(zhǎng)度:約200詞,設(shè)10個(gè)空。3.短文難度:難度適中,沒(méi)有過(guò)于難的生詞。4.試題類(lèi)型:語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空。5.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置:考點(diǎn)類(lèi)型分為兩大類(lèi)——有提示詞和無(wú)提示詞。無(wú)提示詞的題目通?？疾楣谠~、介詞、代詞等;有提示詞的題目考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等。二、備考時(shí)應(yīng)該注重英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法在語(yǔ)境中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用,盡量避免將語(yǔ)法同語(yǔ)境割裂開(kāi)來(lái);同時(shí)關(guān)注近年來(lái)的高考真題,全面了解其對(duì)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目考查的范圍和熱點(diǎn)。下面以2020~2022年高考英語(yǔ)試題中的全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空題為例,歸納出考查的熱點(diǎn)。2020~2022高考全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)匯總

考點(diǎn)甲卷乙卷甲卷乙卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷2022202220212021202020202020名詞1112111冠詞1111010代詞0101100介詞1111121形容詞2121111副詞0000111動(dòng)詞(詞組)0000000連詞0111001動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1120312非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3323132定語(yǔ)從句1000101[真題詮釋]A(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep

61

(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,

62

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation

63

(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.

64

friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.

tojourneywhoheldACaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental

65

(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

66

(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

Inthelastfiveyears,Cao

67

(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s

68

(high)mountain.

Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers

69

Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,

70

(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.

protectionmeaningfulhaswalkedhighest

fromplanning【考點(diǎn)分析】

題號(hào)考點(diǎn)具體分析61非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所填的詞做后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞step,所以用動(dòng)詞不定式62定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是人,關(guān)系詞在非限制性從句中做主語(yǔ)63非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hold與theBeltandRoadForum...存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語(yǔ)64冠詞泛指“一個(gè)”朋友65名詞environmental為形容詞,后接名詞66形容詞make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),此處用形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)67動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)Inthelastfiveyears與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用68形容詞根據(jù)“Africa’s”可知,此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山69介詞(短語(yǔ))from...to...固定短語(yǔ)70非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式做伴隨狀語(yǔ)B(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It

41

(build)originallytoprotectthecity

42

theTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).Itispossible

43

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.

WeaccessedthewallthroughtheSouthGate.Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.wasbuiltintowalkAfter

44

(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatis

45

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!

We

46

(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshaky

47

didthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoall

48

wayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

49

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

50

(day)routines.

spending

better

hiredbut

thewatchtowersdaily【考點(diǎn)分析】

題號(hào)考點(diǎn)具體分析41動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)It跟謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系42介詞在“某個(gè)朝代”用介詞in43非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞it做形式主語(yǔ),不定式做真正的主語(yǔ)44非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞介詞after后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)45形容詞由than暗示用比較級(jí)46動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)敘述過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)47連詞前后語(yǔ)義為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系48冠詞alltheway“一直;一路上”49名詞根據(jù)gates暗示,用復(fù)數(shù)形式50形容詞后面是名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞修飾C(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Decorating

with

Plants,Fruits

and

Flowers

for

Chinese

New

YearChineseNewYearisa

61

(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

62

(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth

63

(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

celebrationcarries

coming

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.

66

(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated

67health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy

68

(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore

64

decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

65

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

thandecoratedCertainlywithtocareBranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The

69

(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare

70

firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

beautifulthe【考點(diǎn)分析】

題號(hào)考點(diǎn)具體分析61名詞動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞62動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)63非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語(yǔ)64介詞morethan表示“不僅僅”65非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)66副詞副詞做狀語(yǔ),修飾整個(gè)句子67介詞beassociatedwith“與……有聯(lián)系”68非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式做修飾性狀語(yǔ)69形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞70冠詞序數(shù)詞前面用定冠詞表示順序[解題策略]1.分析語(yǔ)篇,理清語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu),明確段落之間的聯(lián)系,弄清語(yǔ)句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。并列連詞、副詞(特別是做評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)的副詞)、代詞及狀語(yǔ)從句等的考查都注重語(yǔ)境之間的邏輯關(guān)系。2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),弄清句子成分及詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,明確各成分之間的聯(lián)系。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的功能及轉(zhuǎn)換、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句等都有賴(lài)于對(duì)句子成分的分析。另外,一些固定句型也要特別注意。3.句子的意群和句子成分是基本對(duì)應(yīng)的,而意群的基本構(gòu)成單位是短語(yǔ)或固定搭配。因此,把句子分解到意群,再進(jìn)一步探究意群的構(gòu)成,有助于解決冠詞、介詞等問(wèn)題。4.合理的解題步驟:(1)語(yǔ)篇掌控為先:通讀全文、了解大意、弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。篇章層面的理解主要包括文章主旨要義,作者觀點(diǎn)、意圖,句與句之間的關(guān)系以及時(shí)態(tài)變換等幾個(gè)方面。(2)句子分析為主:理解句意、分析結(jié)構(gòu)、找出成分、注意聯(lián)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是答題過(guò)程中非常關(guān)鍵的一步。做題時(shí),首先確定句子的各個(gè)成分,還要注意各成分之間的聯(lián)系。此時(shí),要借助上下文的暗示或明示,確定需要填入詞語(yǔ)的詞性、形式和功能。(3)充分利用提示:有括號(hào)提示的空格可視作已知條件,要充分利用。先著手填入有括號(hào)提示的空格,注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。所剩的空格越少,文章的大意越清晰,語(yǔ)法填空的難度也就相對(duì)降低。(4)注意短語(yǔ)和句型:對(duì)于一些固定短語(yǔ)和句型一定要熟記,這對(duì)于正確解題幫助很大。(5)勿忘復(fù)核檢查:填空完成后要重讀全篇,仔細(xì)核查全文語(yǔ)法是否正確,語(yǔ)意是否通順,邏輯是否合理等。同時(shí)要注意檢查單詞拼寫(xiě)是否正確,書(shū)寫(xiě)是否規(guī)范,大小寫(xiě)有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤等細(xì)節(jié)。[答題技巧]形式一

有提示詞類(lèi)

有提示詞類(lèi)(一)提供動(dòng)詞類(lèi)當(dāng)設(shè)空處提供的詞是動(dòng)詞原形時(shí),設(shè)空處一般考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。其解題思路為:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定該動(dòng)詞是否在句中做謂語(yǔ)。1.做謂語(yǔ)(1)確定時(shí)態(tài):根據(jù)全文主體時(shí)態(tài)和上下文語(yǔ)境確定時(shí)態(tài)。練習(xí)1(2020·浙江卷)Newmethods

(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.

meant解析:考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子后半部分的worked判斷,應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)

去時(shí)。練習(xí)2(2022·山東棗莊二模)Lireadilyagreedand

(keep)hisword.

kept解析:考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)agreed

and可知,此處為并列謂語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式形式,與agreed并列。故填kept。(2)確定語(yǔ)態(tài):根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系確定語(yǔ)態(tài)。練習(xí)3(2020·廣東廣州第一中學(xué)高三4月教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Theresultisthatwearekillingourfuture,becausesomanyspecies

(kill)insuchashorttimethateventhefittestcan’tsurvive.

arekilled解析:考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的are

killing和下文中的can’t

survive判斷,描述的是一種當(dāng)前的情況,且species與kill之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(3)確定單復(fù)數(shù):根據(jù)主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。練習(xí)4(2019·江蘇卷改編)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers

(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

hasgiven解析:考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。along

with連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)前面的名詞確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。The

musician為名詞單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式;又因?yàn)樵摼鋾r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是in

the

last

three

months,需與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,故填has

given。2.做非謂語(yǔ)(1)確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式①做目的狀語(yǔ)一般用動(dòng)詞不定式形式②做keep,finish,enjoy,practise等的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),須用動(dòng)詞-ing形式③做refuse,decide等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),須用動(dòng)詞不定式形式④做定語(yǔ),表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;表示被動(dòng)、完成用動(dòng)詞-ed形式;表示將來(lái)用動(dòng)詞不定式形式⑤做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),表示自然而然的結(jié)果用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;表示出乎意料的結(jié)果用動(dòng)詞不定式形式⑥動(dòng)詞不定式可做原因狀語(yǔ),表示引起某種情緒的原因練習(xí)1(2021·浙江卷)Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover

(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.

練習(xí)2(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice

(improve)waterquality.

toplant解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式to

plant

flowers用作目的狀語(yǔ)。

toimprove解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ),故填to

improve。句意:政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而非水稻,目的是改善水質(zhì)。練習(xí)3(2022·廣西南寧高三一模)OneisaboutYutheGreat,afamousrulerwhohasbeenrespectedfor

(lead)thefightagainstdisastersandunitingthenineregions.

練習(xí)4(2022·山東棗莊二模)IntheearlyWesternHanDynasty,ageneral

(name)JiBuwasknownforbeingcourageousandhonest.

leading解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞for之后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。故填leading。

named解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:西漢初期,有個(gè)將軍叫季布,因其勇敢誠(chéng)實(shí)而聞名。分析句子可知,句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was

known,name應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,且與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ed形式表被動(dòng),此處表示“被叫作”。故填named。練習(xí)5(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans

(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

練習(xí)6(2019·江蘇卷改編)China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries

(recognise)itsroleininternationalaffairs.

toretire解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。plan后面用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。

recognising解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定其后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式,主動(dòng)關(guān)系用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,被動(dòng)關(guān)系用動(dòng)詞-ed形式,表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。more

countries與recognise之間為主謂關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示主動(dòng)含義。練習(xí)7(2022·廣西高三9月摸底考試)Accordingtoasurvey

(make)5yearsago,490,000peopleusedbicycleseveryday.

made解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:根據(jù)五年前做的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查,每天有49萬(wàn)人騎自行車(chē)。make與survey之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用動(dòng)詞-ed形式表被動(dòng)含義。故填made。(2)判斷該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否用在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。①I(mǎi)t’snousedoing...②Itisworthdoing...③Itis+adj./n.+todo...④Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.⑤Sb./Sth.+be+adj.+todo...⑥Therebe+n.+動(dòng)詞-ing形式/動(dòng)詞-ed形式/動(dòng)詞不定式形式……⑦Sb./Sth.seems/appears+todo...⑧l(xiāng)eave+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞-ing形式/動(dòng)詞-ed形式)⑨see(感官動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞-ing形式/動(dòng)詞-ed形式)練習(xí)8(2020·浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,

(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

making解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知,make

use

of和邏輯主語(yǔ)they之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且本句不缺謂語(yǔ),故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語(yǔ)。故填making。(二)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)多以派生詞變化為主。如:形容詞與副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換;形容詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換;動(dòng)詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。其解題步驟為:第一步:確定句子成分分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定所填單詞在句子中所做的成分。第二步:確定所填單詞的詞性(1)在句子中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)——用形容詞練習(xí)1(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal

(globe)fertilizerconsumption.

global解析:考查形容詞。此處fertilizer

consumption

是名詞詞組,其前面需要用形容詞修飾,故填globe的形容詞形式。練習(xí)2(2022·廣西南寧高三一模)TheotherisaboutKingWuoftheWesternZhouDynasty,whoestablisheda

(center)governmentthatfocusedonpeople’slifeandthecountry’sprosperity(繁榮).

central解析:考查形容詞。空格處需要形容詞修飾名詞government。故填central。

(2)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句子本身——用副詞練習(xí)3(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!

練習(xí)4(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Atasteformeatis

(actual)behindthechange...

undoubtedly解析:考查副詞。修飾后面的動(dòng)詞help應(yīng)用副詞形式。

actually解析:考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞is,故用副詞形式。

練習(xí)5(2022·山東棗莊二模)Suchavirtueofhonestyearnedhimagoodreputation,andtherewasasaying

(wide)spread.

widely解析:考查副詞。句意:這種誠(chéng)實(shí)的美德為他贏得了良好的聲譽(yù),有一句諺語(yǔ)廣為流傳。由句意可知,此處修飾動(dòng)詞spread,應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故填widely。(3)做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、介詞或名詞所有格后——用名詞練習(xí)6(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoufeelarealsenseof

(achieve).

achievement解析:考查名詞。of為介詞,后面用名詞形式。

(三)形式轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)形式轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)多為名詞單數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式。其解題步驟為:第一步:理解句意,找到與所填詞相關(guān)的核心詞匯,判斷前后邏輯關(guān)系。第二步:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定單詞的正確形式。①謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)或句意上為復(fù)數(shù)——用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式②有than時(shí)——用形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)形式;有ever或ofalltime等提示語(yǔ)時(shí)——用最高級(jí)練習(xí)1(2022·廣西南寧高三一模)Manyofthesurvivingchaptersofthebookarefromtheoral

(account)ofFuSheng.

練習(xí)2(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!

accounts解析:考查名詞。句意:這本書(shū)現(xiàn)存的許多章節(jié)都出自伏生的口述。oral為形容詞,其后應(yīng)為名詞。account在此處是名詞,意為“描述;敘述”。用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。故填accounts。hotter解析:考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。the

more...,the

more...為固定句式,意為“越……,就越……”。形式二

無(wú)提示詞類(lèi)無(wú)提示詞類(lèi)首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定填哪類(lèi)詞;然后,根據(jù)句子的意思,確定具體填什么詞;根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。解題時(shí)要注意以下五大原則:原則一:缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),一定要填代詞。1.缺主語(yǔ)如果在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前設(shè)空,答案應(yīng)首先考慮代詞。所填代詞主要考慮以下三種情況:(1)人稱(chēng)代詞:做主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞he,she,they,it,I,you,we,此時(shí)要根據(jù)前文,確定所指代的內(nèi)容。(2)關(guān)系代詞:在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,as。(3)名詞性從句連接詞:what,which,who,whichever,whatever,whoever。練習(xí)1(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.

練習(xí)2(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

What解析:考查名詞性從句連接詞。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中做主語(yǔ)。

who/that解析:考查關(guān)系代詞。masters后面的定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),又因先行詞masters指人,故用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。2.缺賓語(yǔ)如果空格前為及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或者介詞,要考慮代詞,主要有以下三類(lèi):(1)人稱(chēng)代詞:做賓格的人稱(chēng)代詞him,her,them,it以及反身代詞myself,themselves等。(2)關(guān)系代詞:在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom,who等。(3)名詞性從句連接詞:what,who,which,whomever,whichever等。練習(xí)3(2019·北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto

thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.

練習(xí)4(2022·山東棗莊二模)Legendhas

thatwheneverJimadeapromise,hewouldsparenoefforttofulfillit.

myself解析:考查反身代詞。該句主語(yǔ)為I,故其后需用反身代詞做賓語(yǔ)。

it解析:考查代詞。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)用it做形式賓語(yǔ),代替that引導(dǎo)的從句,即真正賓語(yǔ),故填it。原則二:名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式前設(shè)空,可以考慮填限定詞或介詞。1.限定詞如果在名詞前設(shè)空,答案應(yīng)首先考慮限定詞。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,名詞前一般需要限定詞。限定詞包括冠詞(a,an,the)、物主代詞(my,your,his,her,our,their,its)、指示代詞(this,that,these,those)、關(guān)系詞(whose,which,who,whom,that,as)、疑問(wèn)詞、不定代詞(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,several,many)等。練習(xí)1(2022·廣西南寧高三一模)Nevertheless,itwasnot

easytaskforTianQinxin,theartdirectoroftheshow.

練習(xí)2(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover

past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

an解析:考查冠詞。此處表達(dá)一項(xiàng)不容易的任務(wù),easy為元音音素開(kāi)頭,需要使用不定冠詞an。故填an。the解析:考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處特指“過(guò)去的25年”,故應(yīng)用定冠詞the表示特指。練習(xí)3(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis

musttovisit!

a解析:考查冠詞。該處must用作名詞,意為“必須做的事”。

2.介詞名詞或代詞前面是空格,而該名詞或代詞在句中不做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),也不做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),很可能是填介詞。此時(shí)要特別關(guān)注其與空前動(dòng)詞等構(gòu)成的固定搭配。練習(xí)4(2022·廣西南寧高三一模)IfitwerenotforaTVshow,FuSheng,ascholarwholivedduringthe3rdand2ndcenturiesBCE,mayhaveremainedunfamiliar

themoderngeneration.

to解析:考查介詞。此處的搭配為be

unfamiliar

to

sb.“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是陌生的,不熟悉的”。故填to。練習(xí)5(2019·北京卷)Firstcelebrated

1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions.

in解析:考查介詞。在年份前用介詞in。

原則三:若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞,可能是填連詞。主要的連詞有表示并列關(guān)系的and、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but和表示選擇關(guān)系的or等。練習(xí)1(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure

offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.

and解析:考查連詞。highlights

和offers

為并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故填and。

練習(xí)2(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,

becauseIwantto.

but解析:考查連詞。not...but...為固定搭配,意為“不是……而是……”。

原則四:若兩句之間沒(méi)有連詞,也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào),通常填以下詞:連接并列句的連詞and,but,or,yet,so等;引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞when,while,until,as,because,since,if,unless等;引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞what,which,who,that,where,when等;以及引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞who,which,that等。練習(xí)1(2020·江蘇常州高三一模)

theenvironmentalimpactsoflargerplasticsarewelldocumented,verylittleisunderstoodaboutthedangersassociatedwithmicroplastics.

While/Though/Although解析:考查從屬連詞。根據(jù)句子前后的邏輯判斷,主從句之間是讓步關(guān)系,故用While/Though/Although(雖然,盡管)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。練習(xí)2(2020·山西一模)Tosumup,digitaltechnologywilldefinitelycontinuetochangeourlives,andoneofthosechangeswillbe

wewon’tneedtoownsomuchstuff.

練習(xí)3(2022·廣西南寧高三一模)However,

thisscholarcarefullyprotected,duringwarsandsocialchanges,isShangshu,oneofthe“fiveclassics”ofConfucianism(儒家).

that解析:考查名詞性從句連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,will

be之后的句子為表語(yǔ)從句。連接詞在從句中不做成分,且表示陳述語(yǔ)氣,故用that。what解析:考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意:然而,這位學(xué)者在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和社會(huì)變遷中精心保護(hù)的是儒家“五經(jīng)”之一的《尚書(shū)》?？崭裉庍B接主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中做賓語(yǔ),指事物用what。故填what。原則五:若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形,特別是動(dòng)詞與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí),很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,may,must,should,will等)或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)。如果是一般疑問(wèn)句則要考慮填助動(dòng)詞(be,do,does,did,have,has,had)。練習(xí)1(2019·江蘇卷改編)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe

havehadagoodtimetogether.

would/could/might解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)What

a

pity!和You

missed

the

sightseeing可以判斷,or后面的句子是一種假設(shè)的情況,要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由missed可知,該句表示與過(guò)去情況相反的假設(shè),所在句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could/might

have

done的形式(or相當(dāng)于if

you

hadn’t

missed

the

sightseeing)。練習(xí)2(2022·天津南開(kāi)一模改編)Therewasnosignofabreak-in,sothethieves

havehadsomeoneinsidehelpingthem.

must解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文的There

was

no

sign

of

a

break-in判斷,應(yīng)填must表示十分肯定的判斷,意為“一定”。[遷移訓(xùn)練]A(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影響)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome1.

(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe2.

(develop)ofthelocalareas.

educateddevelopment

Ecotourismhas3.

(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept4.

thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.

Dueto5.

growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes6.

tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:

?Minimizetheimpactof7.

(visit)theplace.

its

untiltheofvisiting?Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.?Provide8.

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

?Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.9.

(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim10.

(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

financial

ActivitiestohaveB(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist1.

paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫(huà)像)done,sohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir2.

(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould3.

(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.

whosefinest

bechosenFilledwith4.

(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.5.

heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand6.

(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout7.

(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved8.

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

9.

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist10.

earth,MotherNature.

curiosityWhen/AspointedtofindgentlysurroundingonC(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence1.

theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen2.

(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.

thatpoorlyModernmethods3.

trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive4.

(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut

5.

(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa6.

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby7.

(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thatpopulationsare8.

(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of9.

nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six10.

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

of/fortoperformhavereportedbeliefnotinghigher

theareDAdamBraunestablishedtheorganizationPencilsofPromisein2008.Itsgoalis1.

(make)sureallchildrenhaveachanceforeducation.

Itallstartedwhenhewasacollegestudent.AdamBraunwasvisitingIndiawhen2.

girlstoppedhimonthestreetandaskedformoney.Heaskedherwhatshedesired3.

(much)ofallintheworld.Astonishingly,heranswerwas“apencil”.

Thegirlhadneverbeentoschoolbefore,andthatwasthe4.(real)______

for57millionchildrenaroundtheworld.

tomakeamostreality

Aftergraduation,AdamBraunneverforgotthegirlandtheproblemof

5.

(her).“Weliveinaworldinwhicheverysinglechildcanhaveaccess6.

qualityeducation.SoIwasdeterminedtocreateschoolsinotherplaces7.

childrenarehungryforeducation.”AdamBraunbegantoraisemoneyforhisprojectthroughsocialmedia.

“Weareworkinghardtomakesurethattheprogramsarenotjustbeautifulphotosandvideosofchildren,butthatwe’re8.

(actual)seeingamazingresultsintheclassroom.That’swhyour9.

(kid)inPencilsofPromiseschoolsprogressfastfromonegradetothenext,”Braunsaid.

Sincethen,it10.

(help)morethan22,000childreninAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.

herstowhere

actuallykidshashelped[考情分析]高考英語(yǔ)命題的指導(dǎo)思想是有利于中學(xué)素質(zhì)教育的推進(jìn),有利于高校選拔人才,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。幫助學(xué)生掌握實(shí)際語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的命題原則是:保證知識(shí)覆蓋面,盡可能增加綜合性和語(yǔ)境化的因素。而在語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用方面,要求語(yǔ)言必須放在實(shí)際的并盡可能不同的情景中運(yùn)用;語(yǔ)言必須適合具體的交際行為,而高考考查的焦點(diǎn)在于能否達(dá)到交際目的。語(yǔ)言交際行為除了以語(yǔ)言能力為主外,還需一些交際能力、溝通能力以及其他能力。以上的命題原則和要求在短文改錯(cuò)題型中均有體現(xiàn)。從近幾年的高考試題中,我們可以看到,短文改錯(cuò)的題型結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,考查目標(biāo)明確,幾乎涉及了中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中全部的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。二、短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)是集多項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和多種語(yǔ)言技能于一體的綜合性試題,具有題型小、靈活性大、覆蓋面廣、綜合性強(qiáng)、測(cè)試層次多的特點(diǎn)。短文改錯(cuò)試題并不是單純檢測(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),而是檢測(cè)考生在語(yǔ)篇上下文理解中,運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)去解決實(shí)際的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題的能力。具體來(lái)說(shuō),短文改錯(cuò)主要檢測(cè)考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯(cuò)誤的能力,以考查考生在語(yǔ)篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性。高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)涵蓋知識(shí)的領(lǐng)會(huì)、運(yùn)用、分析、綜合等諸多方面,考查目標(biāo)既涉及語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的多個(gè)方面(詞法、句法、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯等),又涵蓋理解、分析、運(yùn)用和整體思維等諸方面的能力。在這個(gè)層面上,該題型和語(yǔ)法填空題異曲同工。[命題規(guī)律]短文改錯(cuò)的文章內(nèi)容淺顯,詞數(shù)為100左右,多采用記敘文文體,偶爾也有說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文。下面將縱向分析近幾年的高考真題,以便找出考查要點(diǎn),得出解題規(guī)律。2020~2022高考全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)分布

考點(diǎn)甲卷乙卷甲卷乙卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷2022202220212021202020202020冠詞0000101名詞0111111動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1211011非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2110201代詞1121111考點(diǎn)甲卷乙卷甲卷乙卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷2022202220212021202020202020形容詞/副詞1122122介詞0111010連詞1111111數(shù)詞0000000復(fù)合句2100121情態(tài)動(dòng)詞0000100主謂一致1110001動(dòng)詞詞組1003110[真題詮釋]A(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffmyschool.Heshowedmehowhismedicalinstrumentswasused.Ifeltsocloselytohim.However,afterIwenttohighschool,somehowIbecomedistantfromhim.Iwasunwillingtalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnotstayoutwithmyfriendstoolate.ThedisagreementwastoosharpthatneitherhenorIknewwhattosettleit.Oneday,hetalkedwithmeorhopedtomendourrelations.Withtheeffortsmadebyallsides,webegantounderstandeachotherbetter.第一句:刪除my第二句:was→were第三句:closely→close第四句:become→became第五句:unwilling后面加to第五句:stay→staying第六句:too→so第六句:what→how第七句:or→and第八句:all→both【考點(diǎn)分析】

句子順序考點(diǎn)具體分析第一句動(dòng)詞詞組beoffschool“不上學(xué)”第二句主謂一致從句主語(yǔ)instruments為復(fù)數(shù)形式第三句形容詞felt為系動(dòng)詞,用形容詞做表語(yǔ)第四句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)該文描述的是過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷第五句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞beunwillingtodosth.第五句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞of為介詞,后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)第六句固定句型so...that...為固定句型第六句連接副詞howtodosth.“如何來(lái)做某事”第七句連詞talked和hoped為并列關(guān)系第八句代詞“兩者都”用bothB(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.Firstly,doinghouseworkwashelpfulforustobearesponsibleperson.Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.What’smost,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.That’sourviewonhousework.Andhopesthiscaninspiremorethinkingonthetopic!第二句:dish→dishes第三句:tidying→tidy;whatever→whenever第四句:在doing前加from第五句:was→is第六句:去掉are第七句:most→more;mentally→mental第八句:our→my第九句:hopes→hope【考點(diǎn)分析】

句子順序考點(diǎn)具體分析第二句名詞dothedishes“洗碗”第三句動(dòng)詞(詞組)water和tidy為并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第三句連詞whenever“無(wú)論何時(shí)”第四句介詞benefitfrom...“受益于”第五句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)指一種客觀情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第六句動(dòng)詞(詞組)系動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不能疊用第七句形容詞what’smore“而且”第七句形容詞形容詞修飾名詞第八句代詞此處指作者的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)第九句動(dòng)詞(詞組)該句為祈使句,謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形[解題策略]1.短文改錯(cuò)的解答一般可遵循如下步驟:(1)通讀全文,理解語(yǔ)篇大意:掌握短文大意和上下文邏輯關(guān)系,檢查全文語(yǔ)意是否連貫,起承轉(zhuǎn)合是否符合文意,語(yǔ)句間的邏輯關(guān)系是否合理等。(2)解讀句子,分析語(yǔ)法或詞匯錯(cuò)誤:綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí),根據(jù)各句不同的錯(cuò)誤情況分別答題(即改詞、加詞或刪詞)。在糾錯(cuò)時(shí)要仔細(xì)地讀懂每一個(gè)句子,不到句號(hào)不要停頓,這樣才能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的錯(cuò)誤。(3)注意解題順序:先分析語(yǔ)篇,注意上下文的聯(lián)系;再分析句子,注意句子成分與聯(lián)系;再分析意群或短語(yǔ),看看固定搭配方面是否存在問(wèn)題。(4)改后回讀,糾正失誤:做完短文改錯(cuò)題后將答案放回原文,再重讀全文,其目的主要是查看有無(wú)不符合邏輯、語(yǔ)句不通暢、不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的問(wèn)題。改后復(fù)讀,往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不曾發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題或做出的誤改。復(fù)讀過(guò)程中,凡遇到不通順或不連貫之處,需進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析和推敲。此外,還要注意正確的書(shū)寫(xiě)及符號(hào)的運(yùn)用。2.重點(diǎn)關(guān)注:(1)關(guān)注該題所涉及的一致性問(wèn)題:主要包括主謂一致,時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)一致,代詞指代一致,名詞的數(shù)與格的一致,句式結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)意一致,行文關(guān)系的一致等。(2)關(guān)注詞性問(wèn)題:了解主要詞類(lèi)的語(yǔ)法作用及其在句中的經(jīng)常性位置。如:名詞在句中一般做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ);形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);副詞則充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞乃至句子。(3)關(guān)注固定搭配