現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講義-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

高考英語語法應(yīng)用講解一、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語在寫作中的應(yīng)用（一）現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作和謂語動作同時發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生，就用一般式：Ving例句1:Hearingthegoodnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽到這個好消息，他們都高興得跳起來?？梢杂脮r間狀語從句替換：Whentheyheardthegoodnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.例句2：Standingonthestage,asenseoftensionwelledupinmyheart.站在舞臺上，緊張感油然而生?？梢杂脮r間狀語從句替換：WhenIstoodonthestage,asenseoftensionwelledupinmyheart.仿寫練習(xí)：看著這些照片，往日記憶涌上心頭。1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語：_______________________________2.可以改為時間狀語從句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeingthesephotos,memoriesofthoseolddaysfloodedintohismind2.WhenIsawthesephotos,memoriesofthoseolddaysfloodedintohismind.在強調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞動作先于謂語動作時，用完成式：havingdoneeg:Havingeatenherlunch,thegirlrushedout.那女孩吃完了午飯就跑出去了.（先吃eat后跑出rushout)Havingthoughtaboutthepresentsituationforawhile,RoydecidedtoapologizetoJane.思考現(xiàn)狀一會兒后，Roy決定向Jane道歉。（先思考thought后決定decided)可用時間狀語從句替換：Afterhehadthoughtaboutthepresentsituationforawhile,RoydecidedtoapologizetoJane.仿寫練習(xí)：完成了漫長的一天的工作，他感到極度疲憊________________________________2.用時間狀語從句替換：________________________________【答案】1.Havingfinishedalongday'swork,hewaswornout.2.Afterhehadfinishedalongday'swork,hewaswornout.（二）現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語knowingwheretogo,hewanderedaimlesslyalongthetreelinedavenue不知道該去哪里，他漫無目的地在綠樹成蔭的大道上漫步?？梢杂迷驙钫Z從句替換：Becausehedidn'tknowwgeretogo,hewanderedaimlesslyalongthetreelinedavenue.2.Raininghard,wedecidedtostayathome.由于下大雨，我們覺得待在家里。用原因狀語從句替換：Becauseitrainedhard,wedecidedtostayathome.3.Snowingheavily,thetwinshadnoalternativebuttowalkhome.由于下大雪，這對雙胞胎不得不步行回家。用原因狀語從句替換：Becauseitsnowedheavily，thetwinshadnoalternativebuttowalkhome.仿寫練習(xí)：由于不知如何辦是好,他去找老師幫忙。1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語：______________________________2.用原因狀語從句：_______________________________【答案】Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.Becausehedidn'tknowwhattodo,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.（三）現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語用法解析：①現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，常常位于句尾②前面的主句表示原因，后面的分詞短語表示前一事直接造成的結(jié)果。例句：1.Thesunisbeginningtorise,makingthevillagecoveredingoldenlight.太陽升起來了，整個村莊沐浴在金光中2.Shethrowthebottleontheground,breakingitintopieces.她把瓶子扔在地上，摔成了碎片。仿寫練習(xí)：到處都是泥水，走動很困難?！敬鸢浮縏hereismudandwatereverywhere,makingitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.四、現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語1.Workinghard,youwillmakeprogress.好好學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得進步?？梢愿臑闂l件狀語從句Ifyouworkhard,youwillmakeprogress.2.Turningtotheleft，youwillfindthattheskyistingedwithfaintorange.向左轉(zhuǎn)，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)天空被染上了淡橙色。用條件狀語從句替換：Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthattheskyistingedwithfaintorange.仿寫練習(xí)：登上山頂，你會看到整個小鎮(zhèn)都被陽光籠罩。1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語：2.用條件狀語從句：【答案】1.Reachingthesummit,youwillseethewholetownisbathedinsunshine.2.Ifyoureachthesummit,youwillseethewholetownisbathedinsunshine.五、現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語狀語1.Livingmilesaway,shestillmanagedtoattendtheclassontimeeveryday.盡管住在數(shù)英里之外，她仍然設(shè)法每天準時上課。轉(zhuǎn)換為讓步狀語從句：Althoughshelivedmilesaway,shestillmanagedtoattendtheclassontimeeveryday.2.Workingsohard,hefailedagain.盡管他如此努力，他又一次失敗了。轉(zhuǎn)換為讓步狀語從句：Thoughheworkedsohard,hefailedagain.3.Feelingdesperate,shepretendsthatnothinghappenedandgoestoworkasusual.盡管感到絕望，她假裝無事發(fā)生，像往常一樣去上班。轉(zhuǎn)換為讓步狀語從句：Thoughshefeelsdesperate,shepretendsthatnothinghappenedandgoestoworkasusual.仿寫練習(xí)：盡管生病，他堅持完成了比賽?！敬鸢浮?.Beingill,hepersistedinfinishingthepetition.2.Thoughhewasill,hepersistedinfinishingthepetition.二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在寫作中的運用（一）什么是“獨立主格”？2.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語（可與狀語從句替換）3.獨立主格由2部分組成：邏輯主語＋邏輯謂語5.邏輯謂語是：非謂語動詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/名詞eg:【普通句】Asthesunrises,wesetout.當(dāng)太陽升起，我們出發(fā)了。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Sunrising,wesetout.Sunrising是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞＋Ving形式構(gòu)成作時間狀語，修飾后面的句子。Sun和rising具有主動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。（二）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在寫作中的運用邏輯主語＋不定式表示還未發(fā)生的動作，在句中作原因狀語，常用來替換because從句eg:【普通句】Becauseshehasthreechildrentolookafter,shehastoquitherjob.由于有三個孩子需要照顧，她不得不辭了工作。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Threechildrentolookafter,shehastoquitherjob.eg.【普通句】Becausehisfriendsaregoingtoetonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.獨立主格：Hisfriendstoetonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.他的朋友今晚要來，他正忙著準備晚餐。邏輯主語＋動詞ing形式在句中可作時間狀語，原因狀語，條件狀語和方式狀語，用來替代對應(yīng)的狀語從句應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信【普通句】Ifweatherpermits,let'sgotothebotanicalgardentomorrow.如果天氣允許，明天我們?nèi)ブ参飯@吧。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Weatherpermitting,let'sgotothebotanicalgardentomorrow.應(yīng)用文之旅行計劃介紹【普通句】Iftimepermits,wearegoingtostaythereforanothertwodays.如果時間允許，我們將在那里多待兩天。獨立主格：Timepermitting,wearegoingtostaythereforanothertwodays.讀后續(xù)寫之感受描寫【普通句】Hereyesbrimmedwithtearsandshecouldn'tutteraword.?她熱淚盈眶，說不出話來。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Hereyesbrimmingwithtears,shecouldn'tutteraword.讀后續(xù)寫之眼部動作：【普通句】Thegirlwasstaringathimandhedidnotknowwhattosay.女孩兒盯著他，他不知道說什么。獨立主格：Thegirlstaringathim,hedidnotknowwhattosay.邏輯主語＋動詞ed形式讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫【普通句】Janesatloneandputherheaddown.簡獨自坐著，耷拉著頭。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Janesatalone,headdown.讀后續(xù)寫之事件描寫【普通句】Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecouldmakemorepopcornforBernerd.如果給我們更多的時間，我們能為伯納德做更多的爆米花。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Moretimegiven,wecouldmakemorepopcornforBernerd.邏輯主語＋名詞主要用來補充說明eg:【普通句】Manypeoplediedinthewar,mostofwhomarecitizensofnoabilitytodefendthemselves.在這場戰(zhàn)爭中許多人去世，其中大多數(shù)都是沒有自衛(wèi)能力的平民。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Manypeoplediedinthewar,mostofthemcitizensofnoabilitytodefendthemselves.邏輯主語＋形容詞/副詞應(yīng)用文寫作之活動介紹【普通句】Whenthespeechwasover,alltheaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.當(dāng)演講結(jié)束，全場觀眾爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Thespeechover,alltheaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.邏輯主語＋介詞短語讀后續(xù)寫之叢林冒險【普通句】Hewentintothejungleandapasswasinhishand.他走進叢林，手上拿著指南針。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu):Hewentinto