高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀熱點(diǎn)話題培優(yōu)練4：科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)

外刊閱讀熱點(diǎn)話題培優(yōu)練4科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Nightlightfromstreetlampsandphoneschangethebodyclock，thereforeweakeningthebody’sabilitytocontrolbloodsugarlevelsandraisingtheriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)bymorethanaquarter，newresearchhasfound.Theresearchwasbasedonalmost100，000menandwomeninChinawhowereexposedtoartificiallightwhileitwasdarkoutside.Thoseexposedthemostwere28percentmorelikelytodevelopthisconditionbecauseoftheinterference(干預(yù))thelighthadonthebody’sproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素)whichaffectsoursleeppatterns.Evidenceisgrowingthat24/7lifestylesareseriouslydamagingourhealthbyinterferingwiththeproductionofmelatonin.Long－timeexposuretoresidentialoutdoorartificiallightwaslinkedtoariseinbloodsugarlevels.Itwasalsoassociatedwithpoorerfunctionofthecellswhichcontrolbloodsugar.LeadauthorDr.YuXu,ofRuijinHospital,Shanghai,said，“Despiteover80percentoftheworld’spopulationbeingexposedtolightpollutionatnight,thisproblemhasgainedlimitedattentionfromscientistsuntilrecentyears.”ThestudyestimatedmorethanninemillioncasesofdiabetesinChineseadultscanbeattributedtoit.Atotalof98，658participantsunderwentinterviewstoprovidemedical,householdincome,education,wayoflife,andfamilyhistoryinformation.BodyweightandheightweremeasuredtocalculateBMI,andbloodsamplesweretakentoobtainlevelsofbothfastingandaftermealglucose(葡萄糖).Participantswereassignedanaverageartificialoutdoorlightexposurelevelforthelocationusingsatelliteimages.Theyweredividedintofivegroupsbasedonhighesttolowestexposure.Onaverage,forevery42peoplelivinginregionswiththemostlightpollution,therewasonemorecaseofdiabetes.Dr.Xusaid,“Exposuretoartificiallightatnightisacommonenvironmentalriskfactorinmodernsocieties.”Morethan99percentofpeopleintheUSandEuropeliveunderlight－pollutedskies.Earth’s24－h(huán)ourday－nightcyclehasresultedinmostorganisms,includinghumans，havinganinbuiltcircadian(晝夜的)timingsystem,butlightpollutionhasbeenfoundtochangethecircadianrhythmofinsects,birdsandotheranimals,resultinginearlydeathandlossofbiodiversity.1.Howcanartificiallightaffectpeople’shealth?A.Itcanharmpeople’seyesight.B.Itcanaffectpeople’ssleeppatterns.C.Itcanweakenthefunctionofbraincells.D.Itcanincreasetheproductionofmelatonin.2.Whatinformationabouttheparticipantswascollected?A.Work. B.Sleep.C.Lifestyle. D.Marriage.3.Whathelpedwiththestudy?A.Previousfindings.B.Hightechnology.C.Internationalassistance.D.Artificialchemicals.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Artificiallightisharmingtheworld.B.Peoplearefightingagainstpollution.C.Thewasteofelectricityistheprimaryissue.D.MostlightpollutionisfromtheUSandEurope.Lotsofpeopledislikerats.Theyslidearoundsewers(下水道).Theygetinthegarbage.Theycanspreaddisease.Itcanbedifficulttoseetheirvalue—otherthanasananimalmodelforstudyinghumanillnesses.Butratshavemoretoshare.WhenthefirstEuropeanscametoVirginia,blackratstookarideintheirships.TheywentontolivewiththeEuropeansandoftenbuiltnestsinthewallsofpeople’shomes.Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers.Theyshowwhatspecificmaterialstheearlysettlersused,whichhelpshistoriansfindoutwhattheycouldmakeandproduceforthemselves—andwhattheyhadtoimportfromacrosstheocean.Inrats,DNA“reallytellsastoryaboutthepeople，”saysEmilyPuckett,whostudieshowaspecies’DNAdiffersacrossitsrange.Anotherspecies—thebrownratcanhelptellalargestoryabouthowpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds.BrownratswereoriginallyfromEasternChinaandMongolia.Puckett’sDNAsampleshaveshownthatthebrownratspreadsouthandeastfromthere,toIndiaandalmosteverywhereelse.TheDNAinitsbonescouldhelpdeterminewheretheratscamefrom—andwhichcitiesmighthavebeenlinked.AttheUniversityofYorkinEngland,DavidOrtonstudiesanimalsthatlivedwithancienthumans.Usually，whenhistoriansfindremainsofanancientcity,theywanttodigandfindmore.“Thetroubleisthatmostofthetime,theancientcitiestendtobeunderneathmoderncities，”O(jiān)rtonsays.“Andyoucan’tjustgoanddigthewholethingup.”Butyoucanfollowtherats.Ratsare“verydependentonhumansfortheirfoodsuppliesandfortheirshelter，”heexplains.Theseratshavegivenusanewappreciation.“Itisfascinatingtothinkthattheselittlecreaturesarestealingthingsandthatnowwe’resafeguardingthemtomakeastudy，”MaureenElgersmanLee,ahistorian,says.5.Whatdohistoriansprobablylearnfromthenestofrats?A.Theappearanceoftheirnests.B.Thefamilymembers’occupations.C.Thelivingconditionsofearlysettlers.D.Theprocessoftheirfoodtransportation.6.Whycanthebrownrathelptellalargestory?A.BecauseitoriginatedfromEasternChina.B.BecauseitsDNAreflecteditsspreadingexperience.C.Becauseitenjoyedtravellingaroundtheglobe.D.Becauseitsboneswerefullofinformationofcities.7.WhatdoDavidOrton’swordsmean?A.Humansofferedfoodandsheltertorats.B.Historianscouldstudytheancientcitybydigging.C.Theancientcitiesweremostlylocatedabovemodernones.D.Ratscouldofferacluetolearningthesizeofancientcities.8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RatsDifferinDifferentRegionsB.RatsChangePeople’sAttitudeC.RatsRevealtheHistoryofUsD.RatsDependonHumansforLivingⅡ.完形填空WhenIretired,mywifePegsaid,“Great!You’llhavetimetocleanthegarage！”After30years’__1__asthedirectorofaradiostation,Iwouldfinallyhavemoretimeforhousework,butIworriedI’dlosethesenseof__2__Ihadfeltinmyprofession.Ipushedatthegarage’swoodendoors,buttheywereas__3__asIfeltinthisnewstageofmylife.Ifinallygotthedoorsopenandstartedtoemptytheshelves.Thenmyhandhitsomething__4__.Itwasacommonoldmetalcan.I__5__thecoverandfounda__6__envelopewithapostmarkofMay13,1940inside.__7__，Iopeneditandfoundsomeflowerseedsinit.“Eightyyearsold!Iwonderifthey’llstillgrow.”Isaid.I__8__theseedsinaplasticpot.Icheckediteveryday,butnothinghappened.“Iguessthey’rejusttoo__9__togrow，”ItoldPegin__10__.Ipickedupthepottogetridofit,butsomethingmademe__11__.Ichangedmymindandsetitaside.Meanwhile,Iwaskeeping__12__，buyingsomebookstoimprovemyphotographyskillsandteachingmygranddaughterseverythingIknewaboutgardeninganddogs.Sixweekslater,IwasoutintheyardwhenI__13__tonoticethepot.Anewbitofgreen—aleafhad__14__.Iproudlyshoweditofftomygranddaughters,“Look,girls,evensomethingthisoldcanstill__15__foritspurposeandbeprettycool,justlikeyourgrandpapa！”1.A.dream B.beliefC.study D.service2.A.freedom B.purposeC.trust D.security3.A.worn B.stuckC.broken D.lost4.A.delicate B.specialC.hard D.sharp5.A.removed B.washedC.cleaned D.fastened6.A.labeled B.selectedC.yellowed D.ruined7.A.Curiously B.SincerelyC.Skillfully D.Bravely8.A.collected B.plantedC.abandoned D.stored9.A.old B.wetC.weak D.small10.A.anger B.surpriseC.regret D.relief11.A.delay B.reflectC.hesitate D.disappoint12.A.upset B.awakeC.social D.busy13.A.expected B.attemptedC.failed D.happened14.A.showedup B.fallenoffC.takenoff D.driedup15.A.compete B.growC.survive D.relaxA篇Para.1：quartern.四分之一Para.2：productionn.產(chǎn)生，分泌Para.3：residentialadj.住宅的artificialadj.人造的；人工的；假的Para.5：samplen.取樣，樣本Para.7：inbuiltadj.內(nèi)在的；本質(zhì)的；天生的B篇Para.1：slidev.(使)滑行，滑動(dòng)Para.4：remainsn.古代遺物，遺跡，遺址dependentadj.依賴的參考答案Ⅰ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。新的研究表明，夜間的人造燈光會(huì)改變?nèi)梭w的生物鐘，從而削弱人體控制血糖水平的能力，增加患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。1.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“becauseoftheinterference(干預(yù))...whichaffectsoursleeppatterns”可知，夜間的人造燈光會(huì)干預(yù)人體褪黑激素的分泌，而褪黑激素影響著人們的睡眠模式。]2.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Atotalof98，658participantsunderwentinterviews...andfamilyhistoryinformation.”可知，參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人們提供了自己的醫(yī)療、家庭收入、教育程度、生活方式和家族史信息。]3.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中提到的usingsatelliteimages可知，研究人員在研究中借助了衛(wèi)星圖像，也就是使用了高科技。]4.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，人造燈光正危害著全世界。]【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。老鼠除了可以作為研究人類疾病的動(dòng)物模型之外，它還有其他的一些研究?jī)r(jià)值：可以為了解古代城市的大小提供線索，可以揭示我們的歷史。5.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers”可知，這些巢穴充滿了早期定居者的信息。由此可知，歷史學(xué)家可能會(huì)從老鼠窩中了解到早期定居者的生活條件。]6.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，Puckett發(fā)現(xiàn)，另一個(gè)物種——棕色老鼠可以幫助講述人類是如何在全球范圍內(nèi)傳播的大故事，且Puckett的DNA樣本和棕色老鼠骨頭里的DNA都反映了棕色老鼠的傳播經(jīng)歷。由此可知，棕色老鼠可以幫助講述一個(gè)大故事，因?yàn)樗腄NA反映了它的傳播經(jīng)歷。]7.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中DavidOrton說(shuō)的話可知，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，古城往往位于現(xiàn)代城市的下面。你不能直接把整個(gè)東西都挖出來(lái)，但是你可以跟著老鼠。由此可推知，DavidOrton的話的意思是老鼠可以為了解古代城市的大小提供線索。]8.C[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了老鼠除了可以作為研究人類疾病的動(dòng)物模型之外，它還有其他的一些研究?jī)r(jià)值：可以為了解古代城市的大小提供線索，可以揭示我們的歷史。]Ⅱ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者退休之后在家里整理車庫(kù)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)舊罐子里面居然放著80年前的種子。于是，作者滿懷期待地種下了種子，每天都要查看，但是什么也沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)出來(lái)。作者本想把種花的塑料瓶扔掉但又改變了主意，后來(lái)，種子竟然長(zhǎng)出了綠葉。這讓作者非常感慨。1.D[空處呼應(yīng)上文中的“WhenIretired”。據(jù)此可以推測(cè)，此處講作者的工作經(jīng)歷——作者擔(dān)任了30年的無(wú)線電臺(tái)主任。service“(尤指長(zhǎng)期、受到敬重的)工作，效勞，服務(wù)”。]2.B[此處考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，呼應(yīng)結(jié)尾句中的“purpose”。作者擔(dān)心自己可能會(huì)失去在職業(yè)中感受到的意義(purpose)。security“安全；平安；擔(dān)保；保證”。]3.B[根據(jù)下文中的“Ifinallygotthedoorsopen”可知，門可能卡住了(stuck)，不太好開(kāi)。worn“用壞的，用舊的，疲憊的，筋疲力盡的”；broken“破損的”；lost“迷路的，迷失的”。]4.C[根據(jù)空后的“Itwasacommonoldmetalcan”可知，作者碰到了堅(jiān)硬的(hard)東西。delicate“脆弱的，小巧玲瓏的，微妙的”。]5.A[根據(jù)下文中的“foundaenvelopewithapostmarkofMay1