Unit5詞匯、短語、語法知識點梳理及拓展 人教版英語八年級下冊

英語張老師專用講義八下unit5知識點及拓展詞匯拓展暴風雨(n.)——begin(原形)—(過去式)—(過去分詞)—(begin的名詞形式)heavy(adj.重的)—(adv.猛烈地)—(反義詞)sudden(adj.突然的)—(adv.突然)strange(adj.奇怪的；陌生的)—(n.陌生人)wind(n.風)—(adj.起風的)report(v.&n.報道)—(n.記者)wood(n.木頭)—(n.森林)—(adj.木制的)beat(原形)—(過去式)—(過去分詞)sleep(n.&v.)—(adj.睡著的)—(adj.困倦的)--_____________(adj.失眠的)die—(n.死亡)—(adj.死亡的)—(adj.將要死的)—(adj.致命的)fall(原形)—(過去式)—(過去分詞)——(adj.落下的)ice(n.冰)—(adj.結(jié)冰的)complete(adj.完全的)—(adv.完全地)–v.______________shock(n.&v.使震驚；震驚)—(adj.令人震驚的)—(adj.感到震驚的)silent(adj.沉默的)—(n.沉默)--______________（adv.沉默地）recent(adj.最近的)—(adv.最近)true(adj.真實的)—(adv.真實地)—(n.事實)mean(v.意味著)—(n.方法，手段)—(n.意思)—(adj.有意義的)hit(原形)—(過去式)—(過去分詞)win(原形)—(過去式)—(過去分詞)—(n.獲勝者)breath(n.呼吸)—(v.呼吸)--______________(adj.氣喘吁吁的，上氣不接下氣的)compete(v.競爭)—(n.競爭，比賽)miss(v.錯過，想念)—(adj.丟失的)25.rise(v.)--_____________(過去式)--_________________(過去分詞)敲打；--_________________(現(xiàn)在分詞)升起；增加；提高26.lightn._________/______________;adj_________/_________--________/______(adj反義詞)用所給詞的適當形式填空。Thelittlecatisafraidof(strange).Theradio(report)thestormbeforeitcame.Herdreamistobea(report)whenshegrowsup.Howcanwehelpeachotherintimesof(difficult)?Itwasmoving,soIhadtrouble(see)it(clear).Itwasraining(heave)whenthefarmersworkedoutside.Inrecenttimepeoplewerebusy(learn)tousecomputers.Mymother(cook)dinneratsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Iwilltellyouthe(true)whenyoucometomyofficenexttime.Itwassnowingwhenwemade(we)waytomygrandpa’shouse.Robert’sparentsweresoshockedthattheycould(hard)believeit.Whenthesnowstorm(sudden)came,itwaswhiteeverywhere.Althoughthewindwasstrongoutside,hefell(sleep)inashorttime.(fall)trees,(break)windowsandrubbishwereeverywhere.Shewaswaitingforthemtocalloutthe(win)inthedancingcompetition.Wewereclimbingupthemountainwhenthewindbegantoblow(strong).Whenpeopleheardthattheoldmandied,everyoneworkedoutin(silent).Theroadis(ice)becauseoftheheavysnow,sowehavetodrivecarefully.Thestormbrokeeverythingapart,butitbroughtneighbors(close)thanbefore.Thenewswasashock,Robertandhisfriendswere(complete)surprisedtohearit.20.Stayinginanopenaandwaituntiltheshakeisoverwhentheearthquakehappens.whenIsatins,Ifeltthetouchofsomethingbrightandfriendly.Wewere(感到震驚的)whenwelearnedofhissuddendeath.Inautumnandwinter,manystreetsarecoveredwith(掉落的)leaves.ThepissodifficultthatIcanhardlyunderstandthemainideaofit.Davidisatennisplayer.Hebtoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.Wouldyou(完全)trust(信任)yourfriendsifyoucouldn’tseeanything?Marrydidn’tfallauntilherparentscameback,soshelookssleepynow.ItsnowedhlastnightandtheremustbealotofsnowonEmeiMountain.The(暴風雨)andfloodleftatleastfivepeopledeadandmorethantenmissing.二、短語復(fù)習(xí)1.確信；確認__ 2.猛烈地拍打窗戶……3.睡著______ 4.逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失5.醒來______6.一團糟____7.使……分離___ 8.在困難的時候9.當時候____ 10.(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲___11.等待________12.開始做..__13.接電話；撿起；搭載__14.使……靠攏__15.在這個地區(qū)__16.據(jù)報道__17.在路邊__ 18.走路經(jīng)過__19.在某人去……的路上_ 20.事故地點_21.歷史上的重大事件 22.（下）大雨_23.剩余的..__ 24.沉默；無聲25.最近地；新近 26.世貿(mào)中心27.指出；指明_ 28.對……有意義29.記得做過某事 30.首先；最初31.做某事上有困難… 32大聲叫出_33.做某事令人震驚 34.說實話__35.拆除；摧毀_ 36.忙于做….__37.突然__________ 38.停止做某事__完成句子。今天早上他醒來已晚，因為他的鬧鐘沒有響。Thismorninghisalarmdidn’t,sohelate.盡管雨下得很大，Lucy仍朝家走去。Althoughaheavyrain,Lucywasstillherway.孩子們正在圖書館靜靜地讀書。Childrenarereadingbooksinthelibrary.他太累了，很快就睡著了。Hewastiredthathesoon.甚至2001年9月11日這個日子對大多數(shù)美國人來說都有意義。Eventhedate—September11,2001—mostAmericans.當我們在收音機上聽到這個消息的時候，我們正在廚房里吃晚飯。Wedinnerinthekitchenwethenewsontheradio.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)剛開始時有點兒難，但不要放棄。Youwillfindithard,butdon’t.當雨開始對著窗戶猛烈地敲打時，本正在幫助他的媽媽做晚飯。Benhismommakedinnertherainheavilyagainstthewindows.在下暴風雨的時候，那個女孩正在做什么?Whatthegirlthetimeoftherainstorm?那時他正在等他爸爸。Hehisfatheratthattime.我很忙。請幫我接一下電話。I'mbusy.Pleasehelpmethephone.他正在洗澡，忽然有人來敲門。Heashower.someoneknockedatthedoor.當他醒來的時候，太陽正在升起。Whilethesun,hewokeup.這個六歲的小女孩讀這封信有困難。Thesix-year-oldgirlhasthisletter.當我達到這座橋時，工人們正在拆除它。Iarrivedatthebridge,theworkersit.三、知識詳解1.atthetimeof"_______________________",后面常接__________作賓語。Hewasstillworkingatthetimeoflunch.2.gooff(1).gooff不及物動詞短語“________________”①Yourphoneisgoingoff.(2).gooff"________________；（事物，飲料）________________"①Hewentoffearlythismorning.②Meatgoesoffquicklyinhotweather.3.pickup動詞+副詞“___________，接收到（信號或聲音），___________/___________”①-Whatdidtheradiosayabouttheweather?-Sorry.Myradiodidn'twork.Ididn'tpickitup.4.Withnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.該句中，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：(1).“with+名詞+副詞”位于句首，表示原因。Withnolightoutside=Becausetherewasnolightoutside.Withthemealover,weallwenthome.（2）.lightU“___________”C“___________”adj“___________”alight一盞臺燈Thesungivesuslightandheat.（3）.feellike"感覺像是…;想要…"后跟__________/____________形式做賓語。Thatfeelslikeagoodidea.Ifeellikecatchingacold.5.report及物動詞“報道；公布”后面常跟名詞，代詞或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。常用句型______________________…"據(jù)報道…；據(jù)說…"名詞“___________”ThepressinChinawidelyreportedtheseevents.Itisreportedthatthemoviestarisgoingtocometoourcity.TheTVreportedthatitwasrainingheavilythere.6.wood"木；木頭",是___________名詞。wood做可數(shù)名詞時“樹林”,常用___________形式:___________一塊木頭apieceofwoodIntheolddays,hehadtocutupmuchwoodforcooking.Therearefewwoodsinthatarea.7.makesure"確認；核實；確保"其后常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that可省略）_________________________________"一定會做；務(wù)必去做"，常用于祈使句中。_________________________________"確定；確保"其后可接名詞或代詞。Imakesure(that)hewillcometoday.Makesuretocomeontime.Pleasemakesureofthetimeandplace.8..beat做動詞“敲擊；擊打”既可以做及物動詞；也可以做不及物動詞。______________________+身體的部位-Somebodyisbeatingatthedoor.-Hebeatthechildhard.beat做及物動詞，還可意為“打敗；戰(zhàn)勝”其后通常接___________，即接指人或團隊的名詞或代詞做賓語。beatsb其過去式是___________,過去分詞：___________.win"贏，戰(zhàn)勝"賓語多是________/________/__________/_______等，如：race,match,game,competition,war,prize,money等.winthegameWebeatthestrongestteaminthefootballmatch.Healwaysbeatsmeintennis.Ifwewinthematch,wewillbethechampion.9.againstprep"緊靠；倚；碰；撞"“___________”反義詞為___________”_________________________________反對（做）某事Hestoodagainstthedoor.Hisheadhitagainstthewall.Areyoufororagainsttheplan?Sheisagainstsmokingathome.10.atfirst"起初；起先"=______________________與后來發(fā)生的事相對照。firstofall相當于first"首先；第一"，說明___________，后面往往接next,thenAtfirst,Ididn'twanttogo,butIsoonchangedmymind.Firstofall,openthewindow.Thenturnoffthegas.11.asleepadj.“睡著”常做表語，fallasleep"睡著；進入夢鄉(xiāng)"系表結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）.sleep"想睡的；困乏的"可用作表語或定語。（3）.sleeping"睡著的"常做前置定語還能和一些詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞，表示與睡覺有關(guān)的東西，如sleepingbag(睡袋)，sleepingcar(臥鋪車廂)sleepingpill(安眠藥)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepinthecar.Thelightmusicmadehimfallasleepsoon.Hegoestobedverylateeveryday,soheoftenfeelssleepy.12.rise動詞“升起；增加；提高”過去式___________,過去分詞：___________多用作不及物動詞，“升起；增加；提高”一般指_____________________________，主語是___________raise及物動詞“抬起；舉起；提高；增加”強調(diào)把某物______________________，也可用于提高價值，名譽，地位，工資等，主語通常是___________。Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.Raiseyourhandifyouhaveanyquestions.13.makeone'sway“______________________”后常與介詞to連用。Intheeveningwewillmakeourwaytotherailwaystation.14.Myparentswerecompletelyshocked!Completev.___________adj.___________adv___________Shockn.___________v.___________adj___________adj.___________對….感到震驚________________________________beshockedby_______________________________對做某事感到震驚____________________________15.insilence意為“________________”。其中silence是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“沉默；緘默；無聲”，其形容詞形式為________________，意為“寂靜的；無聲的”。（湖北襄陽中考）—Howstrange!Yousitinyourroomforalongtime,LiMing.—Ijustwanttobequietforawhile.I’msorry,Dad.Ifailedthetestagain.A.insilence B.inperson C.inpublic A.D.infact四、語法專題過去進行時(一)定義：過去進行時：表示在某一時刻或某一段時間里正在的動作。(二)結(jié)構(gòu):___________+____________.(三)標志詞：1.atthis/thattime,2.atthis/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week…),3.at+點鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday…)，4.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。例如：I(make)fruitsaladatthistime.They(study)from8:00to11:00yesterday.（四）過去進行時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略回答。1.肯定句:主語+was/were+V-ing+其它.2.否定句:主語+was/were+not+V-ing+其它.3.一般疑問句：was/were＋主語+V-ing+其它?4.特殊問句:疑問詞＋was/were＋主語+V-ing+其它?(五)基本用法：1.過去進行時表示在過去某個時間點發(fā)生的動作或事情。(用介詞短語和從句來表示時間點)我上周這個時候在睡覺I________________atthistimelastSunday.(過去某一時刻)昨天9點鐘我媽媽在做飯Mymother________________dinnerat9:00yesterday.(過去某一時刻)我們正在吃晚飯時湯姆進來了?We________________supperwhenTom________in.（從句表示時間點）2.過去進行時表示在過去某段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動作或事情。（thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。）露西上周工作了一整天。Lucy________________alldaylastweek.（過去某一段時間）昨晚7點到9點我們在看電視。We________________TVfromseveno’clocktonineo’clocklastnight.3.在復(fù)合從句中，從句和主句的動作都是延續(xù)性或同時發(fā)生，那么主從句都要過去進行時。Whilehe________________forthebus,he________________newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。He________________hiscarwhileI________________.他洗車時我在做飯。（兩個動作同時進行）（六）when和while的用法區(qū)別①when既指，也可指。因此when在狀語從句中的動詞可以，也可以是while只指。while從句中的動詞必須是。②when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。后用。While后面一般用過去進行時。③如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，兩句都用，多用引導(dǎo)，過去進行時專項練習(xí)1.I_______at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglate B.sleptlate C.sleeplate2.They______atthistime.A.talkingonthephone B.weretalkingonthephone C.wastalkingonthephone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary________.A.twohoursago B.tomorrow C.atthattimeyesterday4.I______whentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghair B.wascuttinghair C.cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspaper_______mymotherwascookingdinner.A.when B.while C.what6.Mybrother______whilehe______hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasriding B.fell,wereriding C.fell,rode7.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.A.worked B.wasworking C.isworking8.Whatwereyoudoingatseveno’clocklastSunday?I________theshower.A.wasgettingoutof B.gotoutof C.wasgetoutof9.I_________mybreakfastwhenthebellrang.A.had B.washaving C.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastraveling B.traveled C.traveling11.What’sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”O(jiān)h,nothingmuch.infact,I______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthought B.havejustbeenthinking C.wasjustthinking12.What________fromthreetofouryesterdayafernoon?A.haveyoudone B.didyoudo C.wereyoudoing13.Icalledyouyesterdayevening.buttherewasnoanswer.Oh,I’msorryI_____ashower. A.took B.wastaking C.take14.Mymother_____whilemyfather_____TV.A.cooked,waswatching B.wascooking,waswatching C.cooked,watched15.whenIgothome,myson_____themusic.A.amlistening B.listenedto C.waslistening二、動詞填空。1.John___________________（work）alldayyesterday.2.He_______________（walk）homewhentherain_______________（begin）.3.What______________you_______（do）atteno'clockyesterday﹖I_______________（study）inclass．4.WhileHarry_______________（have）breakfast,Lilytelephonedhim．5.I______________(write)aletterattenlastnight.6.Itwassix.TheGreens______________(have)supper.7.Whenyou____________(knock)atthedooryesterday,I____________(do)somewashing.8.Whilemymother______________(watch)TV,I________