九年級(jí)unit13SectionA第四課時(shí)

Unit13Unit13We'retryingtosavetheearth!SectionA4GrammarFocus-4cRevision

不同種類的污染2.河底3.把垃圾扔到河里4.在……中起作用differentkindsofpollutionthebottleoftheriverthrowrubbishintotheriverplayapartinI.Checkifyouknowthesephrases.5.在中國(guó)南部6.對(duì)……有害7.在……頂部8.海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)insouthernChinabeharmfulto

atthetopoftheocean’secosystemtakepartinaffordturnoffreusablepayfortakeactiontransportation參加v.買的起；承擔(dān)的起（后果）關(guān)掉adj.

可重復(fù)使用的付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)采取行動(dòng)n.運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸WordsReviewPayattentiontothesentences.1.We’re

tryingtosavetheearth.2.Theriverusedtobesoclean.3.Theairisbadlypolluted.4.Noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.5.Weshouldhelpsavethesharks.PresentprogressiveusedtoPassivevoicePresentperfectGrammarFocusModalverbs現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):PresentProgressive結(jié)構(gòu):be(am/is/are)+v.-ing標(biāo)志詞：Look,Listen,now,rightnow，thesedays,…e.g.Look!Theboyiscrying.定義：表示說話時(shí)(瞬間)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,也表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Listen!Thephone__________(ring).Pleasegotoanswerit.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?

—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.I

___________(wait)forher.3.—What’syourfatherdoingnow?

—He__________(write)aletterinthe

study.isringingamwaitingiswriting1)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行，但說話時(shí)可能沒有進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

RightnowIamstudyingChinesebydistancelearning.

我現(xiàn)在正通過遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。2)與always,constantly,forever,allthe

time等副詞連用，表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)或習(xí)慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說話者的強(qiáng)烈情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的“責(zé)備”或

“表?yè)P(yáng)”之意。①Youarealwayschangingyourmind.

你總是主意不定。(太煩人了。)②Heisalwayshelpingothers.

他總是幫助別人。(他真是個(gè)好人。)

—Icalledyouat4:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.—Sorry,I______withmyfriendsatthattime.(2011河南)

A.swimB.swam

C.willswimD.wasswimming考點(diǎn)例析【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)由“was/

were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。★常與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等。usedtodosth.表示過去常常做某事,而現(xiàn)在往往不做了,后接動(dòng)詞原形。e.g.Iusedto

getupatsixo’clock.=Igotupatsixo’clock.

我過去六點(diǎn)鐘起床。usedtodo翻譯下列句子。艾米以前是短頭發(fā)嗎？你以前常在學(xué)校吃午餐嗎？他過去不戴眼鏡。這些商店過去在周日是不營(yíng)業(yè)的。他以前很高，是嗎？DidAmyuseto

haveshorthair?Didyouuseto

havelunchatschool?Hedidn’tuseto

wearglasses.Theshopusedn’tto

openonSundays.Heusedtobeverytall,didn’the?usedto的否定句和疑問句否定句：didn’tuseto…/usednotto…一般疑問句:Didyouuseto...?/Usedyouto…?變反意疑問句，附加疑問部分可用didn’t/usedn’t或did/usedSheusednottoliketests.Usedyoutobepopularinschool?Theyusedn’ttogoskating,didthey?Jennyusedtoplaythepiano.用usedto句型說出與圖片情景相符的句子。JennyMikeusedtowearglasses.Mike,glassesPeterusedtoplaysoccer.Peter,soccerAmy,longhairAmyusedtohavelonghair.Markusedtolikeswimming.Mark,likeswimReviewusedto“__________”,表示___________usedto

+___________對(duì)比現(xiàn)在和過去:_________________________________________________________過去的習(xí)慣過去常常動(dòng)詞原形butnotanymore,butnotanylongerbutnow…，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Passivevoice定義：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象的一種語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過去分詞e.g.Anewschoolwasbuiltlastyear.

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了七種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：

have/has+been+過去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：am/is/are+being+過去分詞（4）一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：was/were+過去分詞（5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：was/were+being+過去分詞（6）過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：had+been+過去分詞（7）一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：will/begoingtobe+過去分詞（8）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.TheSecondarySchoolEntranceExams_______(hold)inJune.2.Astrangenoise__________(hear)byhismotherlastnight.3.Awideroad_____________(build)betweenthetwovillagesbythosepeoplenextyear.isheldwasheardwillbebuiltTranslatethesentencesbyusingPassivevoice.1.剛才一些老年人參觀了博物館。2.工人們使用不同種類的機(jī)器工作。Themuseumwasvisitedbysomeoldpeoplejustnow.Differentkindsofmachinesareusedtoworkbytheworkers.Exercise結(jié)構(gòu):has/have+過去分詞標(biāo)志詞：already,yet,ever,never,since,

for…e.g.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.定義：表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響;或者表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并還可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí):PresentPerfect1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(名詞、短語(yǔ)、從句，其中從句用一般過去時(shí))2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+for+段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3)It/Thisisthefirst/其他序數(shù)詞/lasttime+that從句中，從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1)Mary

hasbeen

illsince

threedaysago.

2)Mary

hasbeen

illforthreedays.

3)ItisthefirsttimethatI

havevisited

thecity.

Thisisthebestfilmthat

I’ve(ever)seen.Completethefollowingsentences.I_________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.2.I_____never_____(hear)ofthatmanbefore.3.Tom__________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.havebeenhaveheardhasworkedExercise4.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesforanhour.5.He_________(play)basketballsincethreeyearsago.6.Howlong____Sally_____(sing)yet?havewashedhasplayedhassungJoe:_____youever_____(take)partinanenvironmentalproject?Ken:Yes,Ihave.I_____(help)withaClean-UpDaylastyear.Itwas__________(consider)thebiggestclean-upprojectthiscityever________(have).Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Havetakenhelpedconsideredhadhad4aJoe:Howmanypeople______(take)part?Ken:I_____(think)morethan1,000people_____(come)tohelpout.Joe:That’sfantastic!Iguesseveryoneinthiscityis_______(try)toimprovetheenvironment.Ken:Yes,wecan'taffordto_____(wait)anylongertotakeaction!tookthinkcametryingwaitv.

承擔(dān)得起(后果);買得起1.Wecan’taffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction!

affordv.

承擔(dān)得起;提供,給予

affordtodosth.(常與can,beableto連用)買得起;有足夠的……e.g.Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.

我們付不起這個(gè)價(jià)錢。

Dancingaffordsuspleasure.

跳舞給我們帶來快樂。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Theoldmanused_____(be)ateacher.2.Weshould_____(clean)theroomeveryday.3.Look!Tom_________(sleep)inhisroom.4.Lotsoftrees__________(plant)onthehill

everyyear.5.He_________(live)herefor20years.tobecleanissleepingareplantedhaslived1.Don'tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren_______anEnglishlesson.(2011黑龍江綏化)

A.haveB.arehaving

C.werehaving2.Listen!Thephone______.Pleasegoto

answerit.(2011沈陽(yáng))

A.rings B.isringing

C.rangD.willring3.---Whywon’tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?---BecauseI______ittwice.(2011襄陽(yáng))

A.see B.haveseen

C.saw D.willsee4.—Chinadevelopssofast.

—That’strue.It______alotalready.

(2011安徽蕪湖)

A.changes B.changed

C.willchange D.haschanged5.Nick_______ajobinabank,buttooursurprise,hedidn’ttakeit.(2012貴州遵義)

A.offeredB.hasoffered

C.wasoffered6.—HaveyouheardofEarthDay?

—Yes.ThefirstEarthDay_______

in1970toeducateustoprotectour

planet.(2012河南)

A.celebratesB.celebrated

C.iscelebratedD.wascelebratedtakepartinAffordturnoffReusablepayfortakeactionTransportation參加v.買的起；承擔(dān)的起（后果）關(guān)掉adj.

可重復(fù)使用的付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià)采取行動(dòng)n.運(yùn)輸業(yè)；交通運(yùn)輸WordsReview7.—Excuseme,whosebookisthis?—It______beJohn’s.Ithashisnameonit.(2013四川南充)

A.mustB.needC.can’t8.—______Iswimhere?

—No,you______.Lookatthesign“Noswimming”.(2013四川廣安)

A.Must;can’tB.Can;don’t

C.Can;mustn’t1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常見的有:can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接動(dòng)詞原形。否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式形式,可用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。

e.g.Kencanclimbupthetresslikeakoala.Tracycouldrideabicyclewhenshewasfiveyearsold.Youmustn’tplaywithfire.Itisdangerous.考點(diǎn)一：考查表示“能力”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.—________yourAustralianfriendeatwithchopsticks?—Yes,butshecan’tusethemwell.A.ShouldB.NeedC.CanD.Must2.Theworkistoohardforus.We_______finishitontime.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t3.—Couldyourfatherplaygolfwhenhewasyoung?—No,he________.Buthe________playtabletennis.A.couldn’t;couldB.needn’t;mightC.mustn’t;shouldD.shouldn’t;need【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示“能力”時(shí)，與beableto同義，其否定形式為can’t。can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，其過去式could表示過去的能力。考點(diǎn)二：考查表示“應(yīng)該”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.—________we tofinishourhomework beforenoon?—Yes,you________.A.Need;canB.Have;doC.Ought;oughttoD.Should;must2.You________studyhardifyouwanttobeascientistinthefuture.A.mayB.shouldC.wouldD.could【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should和oughtto都可表示“應(yīng)該”，但should側(cè)重說話者主觀的看法，而oughtto更側(cè)重客觀情況?！飐hould的否定形式為shouldn’t，oughtto的否定形式為oughtn’tto或oughtnotto?？键c(diǎn)三：考查表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其回答1.—________Iborrowyourmathsbook?—Sure.Hereyouare.A.NeedB.WillC.MayD.Must2.—________Itakesomephotosinthehall?—No,you________.Lookatthesign“Nophotos”!A.Can;needn’tB.Must;mustn’tC.Should;needn’tD.May;mustn’t3.—CouldIuseyourdictionaryforawhile?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A.couldB.canC.willD.should【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和can都可表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”。may比can正式，could在表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”時(shí)，既可表示過去，也可表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉。

★當(dāng)“May/Can/CouldI…”表示“請(qǐng)求；許可”時(shí)，肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”/“Certainly.”等，否定回答常用“No,youcan’t/mustn’t.”等?？键c(diǎn)四：考查表示“推測(cè)”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.—IsawLilyinthesupermarketthismorning.—Oh,it________her.ShemovedtoAustraliathedaybeforeyesterday.A.canbeB.mustbeC.can’tbeD.mustn’tbe2.Afteralongwalk,thechildren________beverytirednow.A.willB.mustC.havetoD.can3.John________gowithustomorrow,butheisn’tsure.A.mustB.canC.needD.may【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★may,can,must都可表“推測(cè)”，三者的可能性依次遞增。

★may和must表“推測(cè)”常用于肯定句中，can表“推測(cè)”常用于否定句和疑問句中。考點(diǎn)五：考查need,must和haveto的用法1.Jim,you________playwiththeknife.You________hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t2.—________Ihavetohandinmyhomeworknow,MrZhang?—Yes,youdo.A.DoB.CanC.MayD.Must3.—MustIgetupbeforesixo’clocktomorrowmorning,Dad?—No,you________.TomorrowisSaturday.Youmaygetupalittlelater.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.maynot4.It’stoolate.We________gohome,orwe’llbeblamed(責(zé)備).

A.canB.may

C.mightD.haveto【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】★need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”，后接動(dòng)詞原形，常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。★must意為“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用“must”，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto。mustn’t意為“一定不要；禁止”?！飄aveto意為“不得不；必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況下需要做某事，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，變否定句和疑問句時(shí)需要借助助動(dòng)詞完成句型的變化。分類特點(diǎn)例詞意義例句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）can(could),may(might),should,oughtto,must,need,haveto,etc.不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示說話人語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)度，無人稱和數(shù)的變化(haveto除外)Wecan’tcarrytheheavybox.Hemaycometomorrow.Wemuststudyhard.Translation.1.我們不能在教室里吃東西。2.首先你必須完成作業(yè)。3.他現(xiàn)在不可能在家。4.她一定知道這個(gè)問題的答案。ExerciseWecan’teatintheclassroom.

Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.Hecan’tbeathomenow.

Shemustknowtheanswertothisquestion.4bFillintheblankswiththeappropriatemodalverbsfromthebox.People__________thinkthatbigthings______bedonetosavetheearth.Manyforgetthatsavingtheearthbeginswithsmallthings.Forexample,you____savemay/mightmustcancanwouldcouldhavetoshouldmustmay/mightelectricitybyturningoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom.You______alsousereusablebagsinsteadofplasticbags.Ithinkit’sagreatideathatyounow______payforplasticbagsinsomestores.Andinsteadofdrivingtoschoolorwork,you__________rideyourbikeorwalk.Ifit’sfar,you__________takethebus.