熱電專業(yè)英語

EnglishforEnergyandPowerEngineeringDanmeiXIE(Ph.D)PartOneEnergyIntroductionPartTwoThermalPowerPartThreeHydropowerPartFourNuclearPowerandRenewableEnergyPartFiveEnergySavingandEnvironmentalControl

0.1MainContents2/4/20241.1EnergyinChina1.2

ElectricityinChina2.6IntroductionofSteamTurbine2.7SteamTurbineConstruction2.8SteamTurbineAuxiliaries2.9GoverningandProtectingSystemofSteamTurbine2.10SteamTurbineOperation4.1Nuclearpower0.1MainContents2/4/20240.2References《能源動力類專業(yè)英語》《火電廠專業(yè)英語》0.3TestScoreAttendance//漢譯英詞匯英譯漢詞匯段落翻譯看圖填詞2/4/20242/4/2024UnitOneEnergyinChina一次能源二次能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤原煤原油天然氣液化天然氣陳舊設(shè)備節(jié)能火力發(fā)電地?zé)岚l(fā)電太陽能/生物質(zhì)primaryenergysecondaryenergystandardcoalrawcoalcrudeoilnaturalgasLNG(liquefiednaturalgas)outdatedequipmentenergysaving/conservationthermalpowergeothermalpowersolarpower/bio-energy關(guān)閉小煤窯以大壓小closingdownallsmallcoalminesreplacethesmallunitswithbiggerones2/4/20246Newwordsandexpressionsregister記錄，登記，注冊cubicmeter立方米prosperity繁榮recoverable可開發(fā)的reserve儲量accountfor達(dá)到incremental增加的bbl/d(barrelsperday)桶/天EIA（EnergyInformationAdministration）能源信息管理局Oil&GasJournal（OGJ）石油天然氣雜志Bcf（billioncubicfeet）十億立方英尺Tcf（trillioncubicfeet）萬億立方英尺outpace超過...速度,趕過2/4/20247anticipated預(yù)先的，預(yù)期的shortfall不足，不足量，implementation執(zhí)行issuance發(fā)行，發(fā)布spreadout分?jǐn)?，展，鋪展NDRC國家發(fā)展改革委員會NationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionrestructure重組fragmentation分裂，破碎conglomerate聚結(jié)體，聯(lián)合體state-owned國有的2/4/2024CNPC中石油ChinaNationalPetroleumCorporationSinopec中石化strategicoilreserve戰(zhàn)略油儲備nascent初生的，開始的stockpile積蓄，庫存ultimately最后，終于，基本上，根本Herfindahlscore赫芬德爾指數(shù)CO2carbondioxideCOcarbonmonoxideWHO世界衛(wèi)生組織SulfurdioxideSO2soot煤煙，煙灰，灰塵acidrain酸雨2/4/2024mercury水銀，汞raindrop降雨runoff排出物，流走之物deforestation砍伐森林algae藻類，海藻infestation群襲，出沒，橫行ratify批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可externality外形，外在性，講究外表levyon征收，征取abatement消除imposition強(qiáng)迫接受，強(qiáng)迫征收rationale基本原理preferential先取的,優(yōu)先的,特惠的2/4/2024Unit2ElectricityinChinakW:kilowatt(103watts)PW:petawatt(1015watts)MW:megawatt(106watts)EW:exawatt(1018watts)GW:gigawatt(109watts)ZW:zettawatt(1021watts)TW:terawatt(1012watts)YW:yottawatt(1024watts)2/4/202411裝機(jī)容量發(fā)電容量電站電網(wǎng)超高壓直流輸電線路投入運(yùn)行煤耗率供電煤耗率第三產(chǎn)業(yè)民用電消耗發(fā)電效率超臨界超超臨界坑口電站installedcapacitygeneratingcapacitypowerstationpowergridultrahighvoltagedirectcurrenttransmissionlineputintooperationcoalconsumptionratenetcoalconsumptionratetertiaryindustryresidentialconsumptiongenerationefficiencysupercriticalultrasupercriticalpit-head2/4/2024GDP（grossdomesticproduct）國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值spur刺激earmark撥出,圈存資金anassortmentof各種各樣的wardoff抵擋，避免HVDC(HighVoltageDirectCurrent)高壓直流tertiaryindustry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)backbone主干，中堅coalmine煤礦exploitation開發(fā)interconnectingnetworks聯(lián)網(wǎng)deposit礦床，礦層NewWordsandExpressions2/4/202413PWR(PressurizedWaterReactor)壓水堆windpower風(fēng)力發(fā)電tidalpower潮汐發(fā)電solarpower太陽能發(fā)電geothermalpower地?zé)岚l(fā)電newenergy新能源conventionalenergy傳統(tǒng)能源2/4/20242/4/2024In2008,thenationalnetcoalconsumptionrateofcoalfiredpowerplantswitnessedanewrecord349g/kW·h,reducedby43g/kW·h,ascomparedwith392g/kW·hin2000ThenationalnetcoalconsumptionrateofCoalfiredpowerplants2024/2/416VigorouslydevelopingnewandrenewableenergyisakeystrategicmeasureforpromotingthediversifiedandcleanenergydevelopmentandforfosteringnewstrategicindustriesActivelydevelophydropower,solarpowerandwindpowergenerationSeeksafeandefficientwayofdevelopingnuclearpower,aswellasutilizebiomassenergyandothertypesofrenewableenergy,accordingtothewhitepaper.Bytheendof2012,theinstalledcapacityofelectricpowerinChinareached1,144,910MW,ofwhichhydropowerconstituting21.7percent,or248,900MW(20,310MWfrompumpedstorage),thermalpower71.5percent,or819,170MW(758,110MWfromcoal-firedplants,38,270fromgas-firedplants),nuclearpowerat12,570MW,grid-connectedwindpower,60,830MW,andgrid-connectedsolarpower,3,280MW.China'swindpowercapacityhits62.7gigawattsChinahashighestwindpowercapacity:report-YoucanreadthissamearticleonChinadaily,buttheyleaveouttherealitythatmuchofChina’scapacityisnotused.

2/4/2024UnitSix

IntroductionofSteamTurbine熱值動能機(jī)械能汽缸噴嘴動葉轉(zhuǎn)子沖擊力反擊力焓降蒸汽初參數(shù)蒸汽終參數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)級heatcontentkineticenergymechanicalenergycylindernozzleblade/movingbladerotorimpulsiveforce/turbinereactionaryforce/turbineenthalpydropinitialconditionofsteamfinalconditionofsteamcontrolstage2/4/202418convert…into把…轉(zhuǎn)變成steamengine蒸汽機(jī)internal-combustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)issuefrom從…噴出，從…流出heatloss熱損dischargefrom從…排出，從…流出jet汽流，射流，噴氣式發(fā)動機(jī)/飛機(jī)shrink收縮，減小，熱套rimofdisk/wheel輪緣convergingnozzle漸縮噴嘴vane葉片，輪葉，刀片，節(jié)氣閥foil葉型，翼，薄片nozzlebox噴嘴室giveup釋放，放棄，中斷symmetrical對稱2/4/2024single-stage單級multistage多級powercapacity容量，功率axial-turbine軸流式透平，軸流式汽輪機(jī)radial-turbine輻流式透平，輻流式汽輪機(jī)parallelto平行于perpendicularto垂直于casing汽缸，氣缸，機(jī)匣，機(jī)殼throttlegoverning節(jié)流調(diào)節(jié)nozzlegoverning噴嘴調(diào)節(jié)bypassgoverning旁路調(diào)節(jié)slidingpressuregoverning滑壓調(diào)節(jié)intermediatestage中間級heatdropprocess熱力過程2/4/2024condensingturbine凝汽式汽輪機(jī)backpressureturbine背壓式汽輪機(jī)steamextraction抽汽enumerate數(shù)，計點(diǎn)，枚舉，計算railwaylocomotive火車機(jī)車reductiongearing減速齒輪VGB德國大電廠協(xié)會LHV（lowheatingvalue）低位發(fā)熱量ferritic鐵素體的austenitic奧氏體的HitachiLtd日立公司ToshibaLtd東芝公司MitsubishiLtd三菱公司2/4/2024212/4/2024Figure2.11SteamflowinmovingbladesFigure2.10workingprinciplesofturbine2/4/2024Figure2.12Curvesofthereactiveforceandworkwithbladespeed2/4/2024Figure2.13SteamflowinanimpulsestageFigure2.14Steamflowinareactionstage2/4/2024CourtesyofPowerMagazine2/4/2024UnitSevenConstructionpressurevessel壓力容器hoopstress環(huán)向應(yīng)力transverseplane橫截面stiff剛性的，強(qiáng)直的，稠的clearance間隙，空隙，間距diaphragm隔板，膜片，孔板fixedblade靜葉，噴嘴flange法蘭glandhousing汽封體exhaust乏汽，排汽governingvalve調(diào)節(jié)閥2/4/202427annularchamber環(huán)形室insulated隔熱的，絕緣的caststeel鑄鋼hydraulically液壓shrinkring扣環(huán)，收縮環(huán)ventilation通風(fēng)，流通空氣shaftseal軸封，軸的密封裝置tappoint抽汽口，抽汽點(diǎn)carrierring持環(huán)，墊圈capnut蓋型螺母，蓋螺母spacerring隔離環(huán)，間距環(huán)，隔離墊圈carbonrodheater碳棒加熱2/4/202428bearingpedestal軸承座paw貓爪concentricity同軸度，同心度bracket支架，托架transversekey橫銷slidingkey滑銷，滑鍵alignment對中taper逐漸變細(xì)，逐漸變小periphery周邊soliddrumrotor實(shí)心鼓形轉(zhuǎn)子built-uprotor套裝轉(zhuǎn)子combinedrotor組合轉(zhuǎn)子weldeddiscrotor焊接盤式轉(zhuǎn)子shaftforging軸鍛件brittlefracture脆性斷裂2/4/2024flaw缺陷，裂縫ultrasonic超聲波monoblock單塊式inhomogeneity不均勻性，非均質(zhì)性shrunk-on熱（紅）套式resilientbearing反彈軸承resonance共振criticalspeed臨界轉(zhuǎn)速emissivity發(fā)射率，放射率turninggear盤車asymmetricalcoefficient不均勻系數(shù)ingotstage鑄錠2/4/2024converging-divergingnozzle超音速噴嘴，縮放噴嘴nozzleblock噴嘴組reversingblade轉(zhuǎn)向葉片、導(dǎo)向葉片velocity-compoundedstage雙列速度級，復(fù)速級bladetip葉頂shroud圍帶sealingstrip汽封片windageloss鼓風(fēng)損失warped彎曲的，變形的vortexflow渦流，旋流eddy逆流，漩渦twist扭曲，旋轉(zhuǎn)2/4/202431centrifugalforce離心力rhomboid偏菱形,長斜方形airfoil機(jī)翼;螺旋槳torsionalstress扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力，扭曲應(yīng)力，扭應(yīng)力excitationfrequency激勵頻率，激發(fā)頻率forerunner先驅(qū)aerodynamiclosses氣動損失2/4/2024Figure2.15Doubleshellsandcarrierrings2/4/2024332/4/20242/4/2024Stg10T

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20CrMoNiV472/4/2024Figure2.17ThebladesofALSTOMsteamturbine2/4/2024Figure2.18Vectordiagramofmovingblade2/4/2024Figure2.19steamvortexflowthroughastage2/4/2024UnitEightAuxiliaryEquipmentdeaeratingplant除氧裝置non-condensable不能凝結(jié)的condensatepump凝結(jié)水泵atmospherediaphragmvalve排大氣薄膜閥hotwell熱井extractionheater抽汽加熱器boilerfeedpump鍋爐給水泵reuse重新使用transverseflow橫向流parallelflow平行流counterflow逆流contraflow對流，逆流jetcondenser噴水凝汽器2/4/2024comeintocontactwith與…接觸netpositivesuctionhead靜壓頭multiplepressure多壓migrate移動lowpressureheater低壓加熱器highpressureheater高壓加熱器TTD(terminaltemperaturedifference)端差thermodynamicsystem熱力系統(tǒng)doubleflow雙排汽demineralizingequipment除氧裝置shaftsealingcooler軸封冷卻器integraldraincooler內(nèi)置式疏水冷卻器steambubble氣泡vent排氣口solubility溶解度hydrodynamics流體力學(xué)，水動力學(xué)2/4/2024FigureschematicflowchartofthermodynamicsystemFWP-feedwaterpump;DSH-desuperheater

2/4/2024Figure2.21Dualpressurecondenser1-LPcylinder;2-lowbackpressurecondenser;3-circulatingwaterinletroom;4-hotwell;5-condensatepump;6-circulatingwateroutletroom;7-highbackpressurecondenser43Figure2.22SurfacecondenserFigure2.23

Sketchofspray-typedeaerator2/4/20242/4/20242/4/2024UnitNine

GoverningandProtectingSysteminertia慣性electro-hydrauliccontrollersystem(EHCS)電液調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)emergencytripsystem(ETS)危急跳閘/遮斷系統(tǒng)Turbinesupervisoryinstrumentation(TSI)汽輪機(jī)監(jiān)測儀表filter過濾器，濾油器solenoidvalves電磁閥servovalve伺服閥s