中考英語語法易錯點剖析

匯報人：XX2024-02-05中考英語語法易錯點剖析目錄VerbTenseandVoiceNumberofNounsandCaseComparativeandSuperlativeAdjectivesandAdvantageousPreliminaryphrasesandfixedsettlementsObjectclauseandobjectiveclauseguidewordselectionTheapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinvarioussensestructures01VerbTenseandVoicePresenttenseUsedtoexpresshats,generaltruths,andactionsthatoccurinthepresentation"Ieatanappleeveryday,""Sheworkshardatschool."PresentcontinuoustenseExpressionsactionsthatarehappeningnoworthataretemporary"Iamstudyingfortheexam,""Theyareplayingfootball."PresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseDescribesactionsthatstartedandendedinthepast"Sheworkedhardyesterday,""Theyplayedtennislastweek."SimplepasttenseExpressionsactionsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast"Iwasstudyingwhenthephonerang,""TheywerewatchingTVat8O'clock."PastcontinuoustenseSimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustenseFuturetensewith"will"Usedtoexpressfutureactionsorstates"Iwillgotothestoretomorrow,""Shewillbehappytoseeyou."Futuretensewith"beinggoingto"Indicationsplansorintentionsforthefuture"Wearegoingtovisitourgrandparentsnextweek,""Theyaregoingtobuyanewcar."FuturetensewithpresentcontinuoustenseSometimesusedtoexpressfuturearrangements"Theyarecomingtoourpartynextweek."FuturetenseexpressionmethodsFormationofpassivevoiceThepassivevoiceisformedbyusingtheappropriateformoftheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticleofthemainverb"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim,""Shewasgivenagift."UseofpassivevoiceThepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhenthefocusisontheactioncomparedtothedoer,orwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant"Thehousewasbuiltin1900,""Manypeoplewereinjuredintheaccident."TheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice02NumberofNounsandCaseCountablenounsrefertoindividualsoritemsthatcanbecounted,suchas"apple,""book,""chair,"etcUncountablenounsrefertoabstracts,concepts,orabstractideasthatcannotbecounted,suchas"water,""happiness,""knowledge,"etcItisimportanttodifferentiatebetweencountableanduncountablenounsbecausetheyhavedifferentgraphicalrulesandusagepatternsDistinguishingbetweencountableanduncountablenounsNounsendingin"-f"or"-fe"oftenformtheusualbychanging"-f"or"-fe"to"-ves,"soas"know"to"knots,""leaf"to"leaves."Mostnounsformtheusualbyadding"-s"or"-es"totheendoftheword,suchas"apples,""books,""chairs."Somenounsformirregulararrangements,suchas"man"to"men,""woman"to"women,""child"to"children."TheLawofChangesinthePluralFormofNounsThepositivecaseofnounsiscommonlyformedbyadding"'s"totheendofthenoun,suchas"John'sbook,""thecat'stail.""Ifthenounisregularandendsin"-s,"onlyanapostropheisadded,soas"thestudents'books.""Fornounsthatarenotaliveordonotrefertoaspecificpersonorthing,thepositivecasecanalsobeexpressedusing"of"+thenoun,soas"thelegofthetable."ThemethodofrepresentingthepositivecaseofnounsArticlesareusedbeforenounstoindicatewhichofthenounreferstoaspecificornon-specificitemThedefinearticle"the"isusedforspecificitems,whilethedefinearticle"a"or"an"isusedfornon-specificitemsItisimportanttousearticlescorrectlybecausetheyhelptoclarifythemeaningofthenounanditsrelationshiptootherwordsinthepresenceSomenounsdonotrequirearticlesbeforethem,soasnounsreferringtoabstractconcepts,languages,ornationalitiesForexample,"happiness,""English,""Chinese."Precautionsforusingarticles03ComparativeandSuperlativeAdjectivesandAdvantageousOnestyleobjections:add"-er"or"-est"toformthecomparativeandsuperlative,visually(e.g.,tell->tell->tell)Adjectivesendinginaconsistent+y:change"y"to"i"andadd"-er"or"-est"(e.g.,Happy->Happy->Happy)Adjectivesendinginavowel+aconsonant:doubletheconsonantandadd"-er"or"-est"(e.g.,big->big->big)Multisymmetricobjectives:use"more"or"most"beforetheobjectivetoformthecomparativeandsuperlative(e.g.,beautiful->morebeautiful->mostbeautiful)Therulesfortheconstructionofcomparativeandsuperiorobjectives010204Examplesofcomparativeandsuperlativeusageofadvertisements"Irunfasterthanmyfriend.""Shesingsmostbeautifulinourschool.""Heworksharderthananyoneelseinhisclass.""Theyplayedmorefairlyafterthebabyfellasleep."03"good"isanobjectiveusedtodescribenouns(e.g.,"Sheisagoodstudent."),while"well"isanadvocateusedtodescribeverbs(e.g.,"Shesingleswell.")"Good"vs."well"Similarly,"bad"isanadvisory(e.g.,"Thisisabadidea."),while"bad"isanadvisory(e.g.,"Heperformedbadonthetest.")"Bad"vs."bad""Real"isanadvisory(e.g.,"Thisisarealdiamond."),while"really"isanadvisory(e.g.,"Ireallylikethissong.")"Real"vs."really""Quick"isanaggressive(e.g.,"Heisaquicklearner."),while"quickly"isanaggressive(e.g.,"Shefinishedthetaskquickly.")"Quick"vs."quickly"AnalysisofCommonConfusedAdaptiveAdvantageousModifierssuchas"much,""even,""alot,""alittle,""far,"etc.,canbeusedbeforecomparativeandsuperlativeobjectionsandadvertisementstoenhancethecomparisonorsuperlativedegree(e.g.,"Sheismoretalkerthanme."or"Heperformedfarbetterthanexpected.")Theuseof"as"+objective/adverb+"as"structureisalsocommonwhenmakingcomparisons(e.g.,"Heisastallashisfather.")Negativecomparisonscanbemadeusing"notas"+advisory/adverb+"as"or"less"+advisory/adverb(e.g.,"Sheisnotassmartashersister."or"Heworkslesshardthanbefore.")SummaryofModifyingComparativeandSuperlativeWords04PreliminaryphrasesandfixedsettlementsInadditiontoIncontrasttoInagreementwithIntheeventofCommonpositionalphrasesandtheirmeaningsBesides,partfromAgreeingwith,compilingwithOppositeto,distinguishingfromIf,when(somethinghappens)DependonLookforwardtoBeusedtoPayattentiontoSummaryandintroductionoffixedpositionsettlements01020304Replyon,bedeterminedbyAnticipate,expectwithpleasureBeacceptedto,behabituatedtoFocuson,giveheedtoDuetovs.Becauseof01"Dueto"istypicallyfollowedbyanounornounphrase,while"becauseof"isalsofollowedbyanounornounphrasebutismoreinformationApartfromvs.Beyond02"Apartfrom"meansinadditiontoorexceptfor,while"beside"meansinadditiontoandistypicallyusedtoaddextrainformationInfrontofvs.Inthefrontof03"Infrontof"meansinadvanceoforbefore,while"inthefrontof"meansatthefrontpartofAnalysisofConfusedPreliminaryPhrasesPrepositionscommonlyprecedenounsorpronounsandformpositionalphrasesPositionscanalsobeusedwithverbs,objections,andadvertisementstoformphrasalverbs,preliminaryobjections,andpreliminaryadvertisementsrespectivelyThechoiceofpositionisoftendeterminedbytheverb,objective,orverbitiscombinedwithThepositionofthepreparatoryphraseinasensecanaffectthemeaningofthesenseDeterminingthepositionofpositionsinapresence05ObjectclauseandobjectiveclauseguidewordselectionTheusageconditionsoftheobjectclauseguidewordthat/which/ifThatisoftenusedtointroduceadeclarativeobjectclauseanddoesnotserveasacomponentintheclauseItcanbecommittedininformationcontextsWhichusageWhichisusedtointroduceanaggressiveobjectclause,servingasacomponentintheclauseItcannotbecommittedIfusageIfismainlyusedtointroduceaconditionalobjectclauseItcanalsobereplacedbywhoinsomecontextsThatusageWhichselectionWhichisusedtorefertothingsandserveasthesubjectorobjectinarelatedclauseWhoselectionWhoisusedtorefertopeopleandserveasthesubjectinarelatedclauseItcannotbeusedasanobjectWhoselectionWhoisalsousedtorefertopeoplebutserveastheobjectinarelatedclauseItisgraduallybeingreplacedbywhoininformationcontexts010203Theselectiontechniqueofrelevantpronunciationsinrelevantclauses,which/who/whoWherefunctionWhereisusedtointroducearelevantclauseofplace,servingastheadvisoryofplaceintheclauseWhenfunctionWhenisusedtointroducearelevantclauseoftime,servingastheadvisoryoftimeintheclauseWhyfunctionWhyisusedtointroducearelevantclauseofreason,servingastheadvisoryofreasonintheclauseThefunctionofrelevantadvisorswhen/where/whyinrelevantclausesIncompoundsensesconnectedbyand,but,or,etc.,thesubjectofthefollowingclausecanbecommitt