人教版（2019）選擇性必修 第一冊Unit 1 People of Achievement單詞詳解講義

選擇性必修U1單詞詳解Physiologyn.生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能[典型例句]Physiologyisthestudyofhowlivingthingswork.生理學(xué)是研究生物功能的學(xué)科。Someofitremainsinthebrain,whereitinfluencesmood,behaviorandphysiology.一部分催產(chǎn)素仍存留在大腦里，在這里，它會影響人們的情緒、行為以及生理機(jī)能。[思維拓展]Evolutionaryphysiology進(jìn)化生理學(xué)physiologyofdinosaurs恐龍生理學(xué)Plantphysiology植物生理學(xué)植物生物學(xué)[即時訓(xùn)練]ThefifthresolutionrelaunchedtheEuropeanresearchnetworkonthephysiologyoftrees,calledEurosilva.第五項決議重新提出了有關(guān)樹木生理機(jī)能的歐洲研究網(wǎng)，該研究網(wǎng)被稱為Eurosilva.2.artemisininn.青蒿素（抗瘧藥）；青蒿提取物[典型例句]AfricansarenowjustaskeenonAsianmedicine:artemisinin,ahighlyeffectivemalariaremedyderivedfromaChineseshrub.非洲人現(xiàn)在同樣熱衷于亞洲藥物：青蒿素，一種從中國灌木中提取的、非常有效的治療瘧疾的藥物。ThegroupshavealsoinvestedinantimalariadrugsforA.C.T.,artemisinin-basedcombinationtherapy.這些組織也投資于抗瘧疾藥物開發(fā)，基于青蒿素的組合療法。3.eq\a\vs4\al(crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的)[典型例句]Hewasn'tthereatthecrucialmoment(whenhewasneededmost)．緊要關(guān)頭他卻不在那里。Parentsplayacrucialroleinpreparingtheirchildforschool.父母對孩子做好上學(xué)的準(zhǔn)備起著至關(guān)重要的作用。[思維拓展]crucialfactor/issue/decision關(guān)鍵性的因素/問題/決定becrucialto/forsth.對……至關(guān)重要becrucialthat...……是極其重要的[即時訓(xùn)練]Winningthiscontractiscrucialtothesuccessofthecompany.4.malarian.瘧疾[典型例句]Malariaisendemicinmanyhotcountries.瘧疾是許多氣候炎熱國家的流行病。Atpresent,nowidelyapprovedvaccineexistsformalaria.目前沒有被廣泛認(rèn)可的瘧疾疫苗。5.eq\a\vs4\al(vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的)[典型例句]Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns,itisvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.如果是二度或者三度燒傷，至關(guān)重要的是把傷者立刻送去看醫(yī)生或送往醫(yī)院。Thismatterisofvitalimportancetous.這件事對我們來說至關(guān)重要。[思維拓展]bevitalto/forsth.對……極為重要的Itisvitaltodosth.做……很重要Itisvitalthat...……是十分重要的It'svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.我們應(yīng)立即開始手術(shù)，因為這是生死攸關(guān)的。[誤區(qū)警示]Itisvital＋that...句型中從句要用should＋do虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)，should可省略。[即時訓(xùn)練]Itisvitalto_keep(keep)anaccuraterecordofeverymitvt.承諾;保證vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)【教材原句】TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦,一位堅定而有耐心的科學(xué)家,于1930年12月30日出生在中國寧波,1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。【歸納拓展】commit...to...把……送交/托付給……;對……作出承諾/承擔(dān)義務(wù)/擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)任;使(自己)致力于……commitoneselfto(sth/doingsth/dosth)承諾;保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)commitacrime犯罪committedadj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的becommittedto致力于;投身于commitmentn.承諾;致力,獻(xiàn)身makeacommitment(todosth)做出承諾(做某事)【背佳句】Also,youshouldbetotallycommittedtowhatyoudo,asexcellenceisonlypossiblewithcommitment.此外,你應(yīng)當(dāng)完全致力于你所做的事,因為只有完全付出才可能達(dá)到卓越。練出神單句語法填空(1)Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticing(practice)it.

(2)Wemadeacommitment(commit)toworktogether.

寫精彩句式轉(zhuǎn)換·背誦(3)Asshewascommittedtotheproject,sheseldomplayedwithherchildren.→Committedtotheproject,sheseldomplayedwithherchildren.(形容詞短語作狀語)

academyn.

（藝術(shù)、文學(xué)等的）研究院；學(xué)會；?？圃盒典型例句]TheAcademyAwardsappeartovalidatehiscareer.這些奧斯卡金像獎看來證實了他的職業(yè)生涯的價值。Theacademyisfarmoreinclusivenowthanitusedtobe.該學(xué)院如今比過去更為兼收并蓄。academicadj.

學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的[典型例句]Heisunsuitedtoacademicwork.他不適合做學(xué)術(shù)工作。Itisapurelyacademicquestion.這是一個純理論問題。objectiven.目標(biāo);目的adj.客觀的【教材原句】In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年,中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員?！練w納拓展】withtheobjectiveof...目的是……achieve/meetanobjective達(dá)到目標(biāo)setanobjective制定目標(biāo)beobjectiveabout對……是客觀的objectivelyadv.客觀地objectvi.不贊成,反對n.目標(biāo);物體;客體;賓語objectto(doing)sth反對(做)某事【背佳句】Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyseyourshort-termandlong-termobjectivesandkeepinmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.另一種設(shè)定現(xiàn)實目標(biāo)的方法是分析你的短期和長期目標(biāo),并牢記你的信念、價值觀和優(yōu)勢。練出神單句語法填空(1)Wesimplywanttoinformpeopleobjectively(objective)oftheevents.

(2)Themethodofanalysismustbeobjectiveaboutevaluatingtheaccidentrate.

寫精彩一句多譯·背誦(3)就我而言,我是反對在辦公室里吸煙的?！鶬nmyopinion,Iobjecttosmokingintheoffice.(object)

→Inmyview,Iamagainstsmokingintheoffice.(against)

botanicaladj.

植物學(xué)的[典型例句]Theareaisofgreatbotanicalinterest.該地區(qū)很有植物學(xué)研究價值。200,000specimensoffungusarekeptattheKomarovBotanicalInstitute.20萬個真菌標(biāo)本被保存在科馬羅夫植物研究所。4.evaluatevt.評價;評估【教材原句】Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的團(tuán)隊查看了2000多本古老的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn),并對28萬種植物的藥用性能進(jìn)行了評估?！練w納拓展】evaluate...on/by根據(jù)……評價……evaluationn.估計;評價makeanevaluationof對……進(jìn)行評估【背佳句】Inordertostaymotivatedtoachievethegoal,firstlyyouneedtoevaluateyourselfproperly.為了保持動力去實現(xiàn)目標(biāo),首先你需要恰當(dāng)?shù)卦u估自己。練出神單句語法填空(1)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluated(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality.

(2)Theangerwasthatalltherestofuswereevaluatedon/bywhatweproduced.

寫精彩一句多譯·背誦(3)我們必須評估火災(zāi)造成的后果。→Wemustevaluatetheconsequencescausedbythefire.(evaluate)

→Wemustmakeanevaluationoftheconsequencescausedbythefire.(evaluation)

propertyn.

性質(zhì)；特征；財產(chǎn)[典型例句]Thepropertywasownedcommunally.這財產(chǎn)屬集體所有。Thisbuildingisgovernmentproperty.這座大樓是政府的財產(chǎn)。distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的【教材原句】Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.從他們的研究中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的古代中醫(yī)療法,這些療法在抗擊瘧疾方面很有希望?！練w納拓展】bedistinctfrom...與……不同itisdistinctthat...很明顯……distinctionn.差別;區(qū)分;卓著;不同凡響makeadistinctionbetween對……加以區(qū)分【背佳句】Thefactthathedidn’tspeakaforeignlanguageputhimatadistinctdisadvantage.他不會說外語這件事使他處于明顯的不利地位。練出神單句語法填空(1)Thenewlawmakesnodistinction(distinct)betweenadultsandchildren.

(2)Wemustmakeadistinctionbetweenformallanguageandinformallanguage.

寫精彩句式轉(zhuǎn)換·背誦(3)Thosetwoideasarequitedifferentfromeachother.→Thosetwoideasarequitedistinctfromeachother.(應(yīng)用文之觀點態(tài)度)

14.extractvt.

提取物；摘錄;.

提取；提煉；摘錄；（用力）拔出[典型例句]Thefirstpartistoextracteachpacket.第一部分是提取每一個包。Theteam'sattemptstoextractDNAfromthe1947bonesallfailed.該小組從1947根骨頭中提取DNA的嘗試都失敗了。15.wormwoodn.

蒿；洋艾[典型例句]SweetwormwoodisacommonplantinChinaandTuYouyouisthewomanwhousedthespecialpoweroftheplanttosavemillionsoflives.在中國，青蒿是一種常見的植物，而屠呦呦就是那個用這種植物的特殊力量拯救了數(shù)百萬人生命的女人。Mywordsmustbegallandwormwoodtohim.我的話在他聽來一定逆耳。boilvt.

＆vi

n.

（使）沸騰；煮開；燒開;.

沸騰；沸點[典型例句](1)vt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開Thewaterisbeginningtoboil.水開始沸騰。Boiltheeggforthreeminutes.把雞蛋煮三分鐘。(2)n.沸騰；沸點Bringthesouptotheboil,thenallowittosimmerforfiveminutes.把湯煮開，然后文火煮五分鐘。[思維拓展]boilingwater沸水(即處于100℃的開水)boiledwater白開水(燒開過的水)[即時訓(xùn)練]Boiling(boil)watercrackedacupacrossthebottom.liquidn

adj..

液體;

液體的；液態(tài)的[典型例句]Theliquidisthendiluted.然后液體就變稀了。It'svitalnottooverheattheliquid.最關(guān)鍵的是不要讓液體過熱。18.obtainvt

vi.

（尤指經(jīng)努力）獲得；贏得;.

（規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等）存在；流行[典型例句]Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.我終于設(shè)法弄到了這份報告的一個副本。Theseconditionsnolongerobtain.這些條件不再適用。[思維拓展]obtainadvice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/應(yīng)許obtainableadj.可獲得的；可得到的[即時訓(xùn)練]Theperfectbodyhasalwaysbeendifficulttoobtain(obtain)．19..acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝【教材原句】However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而,屠呦呦并不承認(rèn)失敗?！練w納拓展】acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgesb/sthtobe/as...承認(rèn)某人/某物是……acknowledgethat...承認(rèn)……it’sgenerally/universallyacknowledgedthat...人們公認(rèn)……acknowledgementn.承認(rèn);感謝;謝禮inacknowledgementofsth對某事表示感謝【背佳句】Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthathehasagreattalentformusic.人們公認(rèn)他有很高的音樂天賦。練出神單句語法填空(1)Shehasbeenacknowledgedasthemostpromisingfemalescientistinherresearcharea.

(2)Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.

(3)Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing/havingstolen(steal)thelady’spurse.寫精彩一句多譯·背誦(4)正如大家所公認(rèn)的,除非我們創(chuàng)造一個污染更少的世界,否則我們不可能看到更藍(lán)的天空。→Itisacknowledgedthatwecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.(it作形式主語)

→Asisacknowledged,wecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.(定語從句)

defeatn

vt.

失?。淮鞌?.

擊?。粦?zhàn)勝[典型例句]JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”(1)vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫LiNadefeatedheropponentandwonthefirstinthefinaloftheFrenchOpenin2011.在2011年法國網(wǎng)球公開賽決賽中，李娜擊敗對手獲得了冠軍。Theproposalwasdefeatedby16votesto6.因16票反對，6票贊成，該提議未能通過。(2)n.[C，U]失敗TheBrazilnationalfootballteamsufferedadefeatintheWorldCup.巴西國家足球隊在世界杯上被擊敗了。[易混辨析]defeat,beat,windefeat 擊敗，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和結(jié)果 賓語是對手beat 打??；(連續(xù))擊打 賓語是對手win 贏得；獲勝 賓語是game或prize等[即時訓(xùn)練]Thenavyplayedalimitedbutsignificantroleindefeating(defeat)therebellion.analysevt.

分析[典型例句]Weshouldanalysewhattheysaidandnotjustagreewitheverything.我們應(yīng)該對他們的意見加以分析，不要隨聲附和。[思維拓展]analysisn．分析，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是analyses。analysableadj.可分析的；可分解的Hisanalysiswasalwaysconvincing.他的分析總是令人信服的。Iwantadetailedreportofalltheanalyses.我想要一份所有分析的詳細(xì)報告。Manycompoundsareanalysable.許多化合物是可分解的。[即時訓(xùn)練]Theycollectbloodsamplesforanalysis(analyse)atanationallaboratory.22.apparentlyadv.顯而易見;看來;顯然【教材原句】Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她的結(jié)論是,煮沸青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用性能。【歸納拓展】asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣apparentadj.顯而易見的;顯然的;表面上的itisapparentthat...顯然……【背佳句】AsIapproachedthetractor,hejumpedoutontotheroad,apparentlyunhurt,anddashedbacktome.就在我走近拖拉機(jī)時,他跳到公路上,顯然沒受傷,跑回到了我身邊?！緶剀疤崾尽俊帮@然”的多種表達(dá)方式:itisapparent/obvious/distinctthat...apparently/obviously/distinctly...Ithoughtshehadretired,butapparently/obviously/distinctlyshehasn’t.我原以為她退休了,但是很顯然她還沒有。練出神單句語法填空(1)Hewasapparently(apparent)muchsurprisedatthenewsthattheamateurathletebeattheprofessionalonewhorankedtopten.

(2)Itisapparent_thatanyoneofusshouldn’ttakeitforgrantedatpresent.

寫精彩完成句子·背誦正如上面圖表所明確展示的那樣,大約10%的學(xué)生支持這種觀點。Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabove,thereareabout10%studentssupportingtheidea.(應(yīng)用文之觀點)

22.apparentlyadv.

顯而易見；看來；顯然[典型例句]Apparently,theyaregettingmarriedsoon.很顯然，他們要結(jié)婚了。Ithoughthehadfoundanewjob,butapparentlyhehasn't.我原以為他找到了新工作，但顯然還沒有。[思維拓展]apparentadj.顯而易見的；明白易懂的；顯然的；表面上的Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyexcited.從她臉上一眼就可以看出她的確很興奮。Itsoonbecameapparenttoallthathecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.很快大家就明白了他無法解決這個問題。[即時訓(xùn)練]Apparently(apparent)theyaregettingdivorcedsoon.23.substance[?s?bst?ns]n.

物質(zhì)；物品；事實根據(jù)[典型例句]Petrolisavolatilesubstance.汽油是揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)。Clayisaplasticsubstance.黏土是可塑物質(zhì)。Nothingofanysubstancewasachievedinthemeeting.會議沒有取得任何實質(zhì)性成果。insistvi.

＆vt.

堅持；堅決要求[典型例句]Theyalwaysinsistonhighquality.他們一貫堅持高質(zhì)量。Herparentsinsistedonspeakingtotheheadmaster.她父母堅持要和校長談話。Sheinsistedonhimwearingasuit.她堅持要他穿西裝。Heinsistedthathehadseenaghost.他堅持說自己見到鬼了。[思維拓展]insistonsth.堅決要求某事；堅持說某事insiston/upondoingsth.堅持要做某事insiston/uponone'sdoingsth.堅持要求某人做某事[特別提示]insist的詞義不同，其后的賓語從句形式也不同：詞意 賓語從句堅持要求 賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語是“(should＋)do”結(jié)構(gòu)。堅持認(rèn)為；堅持說 賓語從句使用陳述語氣。InsistingthatTomhadstolenhiscar,SmithinsistedthatTom(should)beput(put)inprison.由于堅持認(rèn)為湯姆偷了他的車，史密斯堅持要求把湯姆送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。[即時訓(xùn)練]①Ifyouinsiston/uponleavingnow,pleasegoahead.②Heinsiststhatshecome(come)．25.scientificadj.

科學(xué)（上）的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的[典型例句]Sheaspiredtoascientificcareer.她有志于科學(xué)事業(yè)。Ourscientificresearchissecondtonone.我們的科學(xué)研究不亞于任何人。26.mostlyadv.

主要地；一般地[典型例句]Carsaremostlymetal.汽車大多是金屬制成的。She'snearly90andmostlykeepstoherroom.她快90歲了，大部分時間都待在房間里。27.wearandtear（正常使用造成的）磨損；損耗[典型例句]Thesearethefirstmachinesthatcanstandthewearandtearofcontinuouslycrushingglass.這些是第一批能經(jīng)得住連續(xù)碾碎玻璃造成的磨損的機(jī)器。Theymustendurewearandtear.它們必須能夠經(jīng)得起磨損。eq\a\vs4\al(conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論)[典型例句]Wecansafelydrawsomeconclusionsfromourdiscussion.從討論中我們可以有把握地得出一些結(jié)論。[思維拓展]makeaconclusion下結(jié)論cometo/draw/arriveat/reacha/theconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion(＝toconclude)最后，總之(常作插入語)jump/leaptoconclusions/theconclusionthat...匆忙下結(jié)論，貿(mào)然斷定concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclude(sth.)以……結(jié)束(……)conclude(從……)推斷出/斷定……conclude...(tobe)．..斷定……(是)……Letusconcludeourmeetingwithasong.請讓我們用一首歌來結(jié)束我們的會議。Whatdoyouconcludefromthefacts?從這些事實中你得出了什么結(jié)論？[即時訓(xùn)練]I'vecometotheconclusion(conclude)thathe'snottherightpersonforthejob.29.penicillinn.

青霉素；盤尼西林[典型例句]Hewastreatedwithpenicillininjections.他接受了青霉素注射。Onedoseofpenicillincanwipeouttheinfection.一劑青霉素即可消除感染。30.fleevt.

（fled，fled)迅速離開；逃跑[典型例句]Hespentsixmonthsinprisonbeforefleeingthecountry.他在逃離那個國家之前坐了六個月的牢。ManyGermanartistsfledtoAmericaatthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ.二戰(zhàn)開始時，很多德國藝術(shù)家逃到了美國。[易混辨析]flee與escapeflee只說明動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；escape逃離，結(jié)果是成功的。Theenemyfledindisorderbutonlyafewofthemnarrowlyescapeddeath.敵人紛紛逃跑，但只有少數(shù)僥幸逃生。[即時訓(xùn)練]①Alltheteachersandstudentsmanagedto_flee(flee)theburningteachingbuilding.②Heappliedforasylum(政治庇護(hù))in1987afterfleeing(flee)thepolicebackhome.circumstancen.[usuallypl].條件；環(huán)境；狀況[典型例句]In/Underthecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.在這種情況下，他覺得無法接受這項工作。IknowIcantrustthewomaninanycircumstances.我知道我在任何情況下都能信任那個女人。[思維拓展]in/underthecircumstances在這種情況下，既然如此in/undernocircumstances決不，無論如何都不(置于句首時，句子部分倒裝)[即時訓(xùn)練]①—CanIusethetelephoneonthetable，sir?—Undernocircumstancesis(be)anyoneallowedtousethetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.②Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertaincircumstances(circumstance)．32.novelistn.

小說家noveln.

（長篇）小說[典型例句]Shewasesteemedtheperfectnovelist.她被認(rèn)為是最完美的小說家。Foranovelist,that'squiteanaccomplishment.對于一個小說家來說，那是一個了不起的成就。Heisworkingonanewnovel.他正在寫一部新小說。Haveyoureadhernewnovel?你看過她新出的小說了嗎？33.flown

vi.

流；流動；流暢；供應(yīng);.

流；流動Thisvalveregulatestheflowofwater.這個閥門調(diào)節(jié)水流。Astheyflowsouth,thefiveriversconverge.這5條河向南流，最終匯合在一起。34.flowchart流程圖[典型例句]Thisflowchart,shownbelow,summarizestheoverallcostingprocess.這張流程圖如下所示，概括了成本計算的全程。Whydon'twestartbymakingaflowchartfromthenotesourtutorgaveus?我們?yōu)槭裁床粡膶?dǎo)師給我們的筆記開始，做一個流程圖呢？foundvt.創(chuàng)建;建立;把……建立在【教材原句】foundedmodernnursing創(chuàng)立了現(xiàn)代護(hù)理制度【歸納拓展】befoundedin建立于……befoundedon/upon建立在……基礎(chǔ)上;(建筑物)建立在……上foundern.創(chuàng)始人;創(chuàng)建者;締造者foundationn.地基;基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)laya(film/solid)foundationfor...為……打下(堅實的)基礎(chǔ)【背佳句】TheHuoshenMountainHospitalfoundedintendayshasbeenputintouseinordertofightagainstCOVID-19.為了抗擊新型冠狀病毒肺炎,在十天內(nèi)建成的火神山醫(yī)院已經(jīng)投入使用了。練出神單句語法填空(1)AdamSmithisconsideredoneofthe_____founders_______(found)ofclassicaleconomics.(2)Theteacherfoundedhissystemoflanguageteaching____on/upon________thebeliefthatspeakingshouldcomebeforereading.

(3)TsinghuaUniversity,______founded______(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingindividuals.

寫精彩完成句子·背誦(4)通過共同合作,我們能夠為經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定扎實的基礎(chǔ)。Byworkingtogether,wecanlayasolidfoundationforsustainableeconomicdevelopment.

36.infervt.

推斷；推定[典型例句]Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?從文章中我們能推斷出作者的什么信息？Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?我們可以從文章中推斷出關(guān)于作者的什么信息？37.politiciann.

從政者；政治家；政客[典型例句]Thisisawilypolitician.這是一個狡猾的政客。Herepresentsanewbreedofpolitician.他代表著新一類的政治家。Asapoliticianhehasoftencourtedcontroversy.作為政治人物，他常常招致爭議。38.numerousadj.

眾多的；許多的[典型例句]Numerousmarriagesnowendindivorce.現(xiàn)在許多婚姻都以離婚而告終。Wildboararenumerousinthevalleys.這些山谷里有無數(shù)的野豬。Hehasbeenlateonnumerousoccasions.他已經(jīng)遲到過無數(shù)次了。39.theoryn.

理論；學(xué)說[典型例句]Onetheoryaboutthemoonisthatitisapiecebrokenofffromtheearth.有一種關(guān)于月球的學(xué)說認(rèn)為它是地球分離出的一部分。Thistheoryshouldbeprovedbeforeitisused.在運(yùn)用這個理論前要對它進(jìn)行證明。[思維拓展]intheory([反]inpractice)理論上Yourplanisgoodintheory,butdoesitworkinpractice?你的計劃在理論上不錯，但實施起來行嗎？[即時訓(xùn)練]Weshouldcombinetheory(理論)withpractice.40.relativityn.

相對論；相對性[典型例句]Accordingtothetheoryofrelativity,nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.根據(jù)相對論，任何東西都無法超越光速。Einstein'stheoryofrelativitywonforhimuniversalesteem.愛因斯坦的相對論贏得了全世界對他的崇敬。formulan.

公式；方程式；配方[典型例句]Theformulaisjealouslyguarded.對該配方戒備森嚴(yán)。Thisformulaisusedtocalculatetheareaofacircle.這個公式用于計算圓的面積。42.geniusn.

（pl.genuses)天才；天資；天賦[典型例句]Shewasextolledasagenius.她被譽(yù)為天才。He'sageniusatorganizingpeople.他是人員組織方面的天才。gentleadj.

溫柔的；文靜的[典型例句]Ilikehergentlevoice.我喜歡她溫和的聲音。Heeatsinagentleway.他吃飯的樣子很文雅。[易混辨析]gentle,softgentle 側(cè)重指人或其他方面“體貼的；溫和的”，含有安慰、愛撫等意思。soft 側(cè)重指人說話聲音低或說話怕被人聽見，意思是“輕聲的”，指物時，表示“柔軟的”。Arthurwasaverygentle,caringperson.亞瑟是一個非常溫柔體貼的人。Thesoftmusicsoundsverypleasingtotheear.那輕柔的音樂聽起來十分悅耳。[即時訓(xùn)練]Shesmiledgently(gentle)athim.她溫柔地朝他微笑。43.patentn.專利；專利證書；獲得專利;

adj.有專利的；受專利保護(hù)的[典型例句]Thedevicewasprotectedbypatent.這一裝置受專利保護(hù)。P&Gappliedforapatentonitscookies.寶潔公司為其餅干申請了專利。44.passionn.

酷愛；激情【教材原句】Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.在那里工作期間,出于對知識的強(qiáng)烈熱情,他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),并于1905年獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位?！練w納拓展】haveapassionfor熱愛;酷愛withpassion充滿激情passionateadj.熱誠的;狂熱的bepassionateabout對……充滿熱情【背佳句】Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.僅僅擅長某件事并熱愛它是不夠的。練出神單句語法填空(1)Inadditiontotheirinterestincomputers,theysharedapassion_for_music.

(2)Thatwillhelpshowyouknowthefieldyouarepassionate(passion)about.

寫精彩一句多譯·背誦(3)我的第一個建議是從事你熱愛的專業(yè)?！鶰yfirstrecommendationistopursuethetypeofpracticeyouhaveapassionfor.(passion)

→Myfirstrecommendationistopursuethetypeofpracticeyouarepassionateabout.(passionate)

45.extraordinaryadj.

不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的[典型例句]Sheisadesignerofextraordinaryversatility.她是位特別多才多藝的設(shè)計師。Hisbehaviourwasextraordinaryandinexplicable.他的行為離奇且令人費(fèi)解。graduallyadv.

逐漸地；逐步地[典型例句]Gradually，thechildrenbegantounderstandit.孩子們漸漸開始明白這件事了。Theygraduallyimprovedtheirwork.他們逐漸地改善了工作。[思維拓展]gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的Recoveryfromthediseaseisverygradual.這種病的康復(fù)過程很緩慢。[即時訓(xùn)練]Electricitylinesto30,000homesweregradually(gradual)beingrestoredyesterday.47.photoelectricadj.

光電的[典型例句]Highspeedphotoelectricsensor.高速光電傳感器。Photoelectricworkoffersthewidestscope.光電工作提供了最廣闊的天地。48.cometopower（開始）掌權(quán)；上臺【教材原句】Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.1933年,當(dāng)希特勒在德國掌權(quán)時,情況發(fā)生了變化?！練w納拓展】powern.能力;力量;權(quán)力;職權(quán);政權(quán);電力供應(yīng)beinpower掌權(quán),執(zhí)政(表示狀態(tài),可以和一段時間連用)havethepowertodosth具有做某事的能力/權(quán)力beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的takepower奪取政權(quán)doall/everythinginone’spowertodosth竭盡某人所能做某事powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的【背佳句】Hepromisedthatoncehecametopower,hewouldsetouttoimprovethelivingconditions.他承諾說一旦他當(dāng)權(quán),他就會著手改善生活條件?！緶剀疤崾尽?1)cometopower用法同takeoffice,意為“就職,上臺,執(zhí)政”。(2)cometo/intopower表示動作,為非延續(xù)性動詞詞組,不能與一段時間連用;beinpower為延續(xù)性動詞詞組,意為“執(zhí)政,在位”。練出神單句語法填空(1)Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepower_todo_(do)thingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.

(2)Atthatmoment,Tom’s_powerful_(power)voiceinterruptedthem.

寫精彩句式轉(zhuǎn)換·背誦(3)Thegovernmentcametopowertwoyearsago.→Thegovernmenthasbeeninpowerfortwoyears.

49.institutionn.

社會公共機(jī)構(gòu)；制度；習(xí)俗instituten.

（教育、專業(yè)等）機(jī)構(gòu)；機(jī)構(gòu)建筑[典型例句]Ibelieveintheinstitutionofmarriage.我相信婚姻制度。BernardworksatthesameinstitutionasArlette.伯納德與阿萊特在同一個機(jī)構(gòu)工作。Mr.LinisassociatedirectoroftheInstitute.林先生是該研究所的副主任。HegotascholarshiptothePrattInstituteofArt.他得到了一筆普拉特藝術(shù)學(xué)院的獎學(xué)金。consequencen.

結(jié)果；后果[典型例句]I'mquitewillingtotaketheconsequencesofmyactions.我很愿意承擔(dān)自己行動的后果。Hestudiedhard，andinconsequencehepassedtheexam.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，因此通過了考試。[思維拓展]因此，結(jié)果(＝asaresult)asa/inconsequenceof＝asaresultof由于……taketheconsequencesof...承擔(dān)……的后果beofno/greatconsequence無關(guān)緊要/非常重要consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的；隨之發(fā)生的consequentlyadv.結(jié)果；因此[即時訓(xùn)練](1)Drunkdrivinghasbeenbanned.Consequently(consequent),thetrafficaccidentsaredecreasing.

(2)Aseverefloodstrikesthecityandthereisaconsequent(consequence)shortageoffood.51.takeupaposition擔(dān)任;任職【教材原句】AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.在歐洲待了一段時間后,他最終在美國普林斯頓大學(xué)高等研究院找到了一份研究員的工作?！練w納拓展】takeup拿起;接受;開始;繼續(xù);占據(jù)(時間或空間)takeaway解除;消除takedown拿下;取下;記下takein理解;欺騙;接納takeoff起飛;突然受歡迎takeon呈現(xiàn);開始雇用【背佳句】Italkedwithafriendrecentlywhotookupapositionatastart-upcompany.我最近和一個朋友聊天,他在一家新成立的公司任職。練出神單句語法填空(1)Asourplanetookoff,ItoldmyselfthatIwouldabsolutelyreturnsomeday.

(2)Onthecontrary,smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

(3)Icouldhardlytakeinwhattheoldmansaidforhewassoweak.

寫精彩完成句子·背誦(4)隨著科技的發(fā)展,我們的祖國呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌。Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourcountryhastakenonanewlook.52.moustachen.

上唇的胡子；髭[典型例句]Hismoustacheprickledwhenhekissedme.他吻我的時候胡子扎人。Hehasdecidedtogrowabeardandamoustache.他已經(jīng)決定留起絡(luò)腮胡子和髭。53.peculiarityn.

個性；特點；怪異的性質(zhì)[典型例句]Thedistortionisactual