打印《新編簡(jiǎn)明英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程》1-6章

ChapterIIntroduction

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEorFALSE:

1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.

2.CompetenceandperformanceisdistinguishedbySaussure.

3.Asynchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

4.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

5.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

6.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

7.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

8.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

9.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

10.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

11.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

12.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

13.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

14.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

15.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

16.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

17.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

18.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

19.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguagemakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.

20.Synchroniclinguisticisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.

21.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

22.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

23.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

24.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

25.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

26.Featuresthatcontrastwordsinmeaningarecalleddesignfeaturesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

27.Linguisticsymbolsarearbitrary.

28.ByarbitrarinessSaussuremeansthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearsomenaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblanks.

1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_______.

2.

Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

3.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

43.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

5.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

6.Sisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

9.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe12

12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesfunctionoflanguage.

III.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstantisa_______study.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic

2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.

A.sociolinguistics B.Psycholinguistics

C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics

3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness

5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable

6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.

A.

inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.

speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C.

speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D.

Alloftheabove

7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.descriptive

8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative

9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language

10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas

11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibility

D.culturaltransmission

12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.

A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure

C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth

13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.

A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural

Chapter2：Phonology

I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:

1.

VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.

2.

Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

3.

Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.

4.

EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.

5.

Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.

6.

Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

7.

Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.

8.

Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:thethroat,themouthandthechest.9.Thesound〔z〕isavoicedalveolarstop.

9.VoicingisadistinctivefeatureforEnglishconsonants.

10.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thenthetwowordsarecalledminimalpairs.Sipandzipareaminimalpair,asarefineandvine,andvealandleaf.

11.

Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.

12.

Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.

13.

Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.

12.

Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.

13.

Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.

14.TheEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceandmannerofarticulation.

15.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependonthepositionsoflips.

16.Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.

17.

Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.

18.

Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.

19.

Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultinachangeofmeaning.

20.

Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.

21.

Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.

22.

Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.

23.Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.

24.Thespeechsoundsinalmosteverylanguagecanbedividedintotwomajornaturalclasses:consonantsandvowels.

25.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.

26.Suprasegmentalfeaturesaredistinctivefeaturesofsegmentalphonemes.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblanks.

27．A_____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.

28

A___________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.

29．Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_______sounds.

30．Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.

31．Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp_______ofarticulation.

32．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________.

33．S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc.

34．Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds____rules.

35．Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalledn_________transcription.

36．Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_________.

37．P___________isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication.

38.Ifyousaydoor,new,two,senior,zoo,youwillnoticethatthefirstsoundsinallthesewordsarea_______sounds.Thetandsarevoiceless,andd,nandzarevoiced.Onlynisnasal.

39．Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:thepharyngealcavity,theo_______cavityandthenasalcavity.

40．T_______arepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcordsandwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.

41．Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:wordstressands_________stress.

III.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1.Thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsiscalled________phonetics.

A.acousticB.articulatoryC.auditoryD.allomorphic

2.Thesound/f/is_________________.

A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop

C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative

3．Ofallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.

A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords

4．Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.

A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal

5．__________isavoicedalveolarstop.

A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/

6．Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones____________.

A.identicalB.sameC.exactlyalikeD.similar

7.Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.

A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistribution

C.theallophonesD.minimalpair

8．Thesound/f/is_________________.

A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop

C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative

9.

A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.

A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle

10.Palatalsemi-vowelreferstothesound.

A.[n]B.[h]C.[w]D.[j]

11.Aphonemeisagroupofphoneticallysimilarsoundscalled.

A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones

12.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled____________.

A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituents

C.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures

13.A(n)___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme

14．Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe____ofthatphoneme.

A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones

15.A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.

A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle

16.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced_______,respectively.(C)

A.stopsB.fricativesC.affricatesD.plosives

Chapter3：Morphology

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Morphologystudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

2.Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.

3.Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.

4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesarefreemorphemes.

5.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsandaffixes.

6.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.

7.Almosteverywordineverylanguageiscomposedofoneormoremorphemes.

8.Theallomorphisanabstractunit.

9.Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeaddediscalledastem,whichcanbeaboundroot,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitself.

10.Prefixesusuallymodifythepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,notthemeaningofit.

11.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword.Therefore,wordsformedaccordingtothemorphologicalrulesareacceptablewords.

12.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundoftenfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

13.InEnglish,inflectionalaffixesaremostlyprefixes.

14.Themeaningofacompoundisthecombinationofthemeaningsofthewordsinthecompound.

II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

1.Risthepartofthewordleftwhenalltheaffixesareremoved.

2.M____isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

3.B___________morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.

4.Affixesareoftwotypes:inflectionalaffixesandd__________affixes.

5.As______isaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordanditmaycasechangeitspartofspeech.

6.C__________isthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.

7.Thewordsnowfallisawordformedbyjoiningtwoseparatewords,i.e.“snow”and“fall.”Thisnewlyformedwordisgenerallyregardedasac_______.

III.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1.

Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)______.

A.boundmorphemeB.boundform

C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme

2.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound__________.

A.

isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponents

B.

canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemes

C.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephrase.

D.

Noneoftheabove.

3.“-s”intheword“books”is_______.

A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.aroot

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword?

A.RainbowB.MilkshakeC.Icy-coldD.Unpleasant

5.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof__________.

A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelement

C.eitherthefirstorthesecondelem

D.boththefirstandthesecondelements.

6._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.

A.FreemorphemesB.Boundmorphemes

C.BoundwordsD.Words

7._________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme

8.

Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.

A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic

9.

Boundmorphemesarethosethat___________.

A.havetobeusedindependently

B.

cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemes

C.

caneitherbefreeorbound

D.

havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes.

10.

____modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes

11.

_________areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.

A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences

12.

“-s”intheword“books”is_______.

A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.aroot

13.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongto“openclasswords”?

A.NounsB.AdjectivesC.ConjunctionsD.Adverbs

14.Inthewordunreliable,theprefix“un-”isa(n)_______morpheme.

A.freeB.boundC.rootD.inflectional

15.Morphemesthatrepresent“tense”,“number”,“gender”,“case”,“aspect”,“degree”andsofortharecalledmorphemes.

A.inflectionalB.boundC.freeD.derivational

16.TheEnglishword“modernizers”iscomposedofmorphemes.

A.fourB.threeC.twoD.five

17.Whichofthefollowingaffixdiffersfromothers?

A.–lyB.–nessC.–ingD.–ful

Chapter4：Syntax

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,includingthecombinationofmorphemesintowords.

2.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.

3.Sentencesarecomposedofsequenceofwordsarrangedinasimplelinearorder,withoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.

4.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

5.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.

6.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.

7.Asentencecan’thavemorethanonedeepstructure.

8.Thestructurethatoccursaftermovementtakesplaceiswhatwetermassurfacestructure.

9.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.

10.Anounphrasecontainsanoun,whileotherelementsareoptional.

11.Wordsinasentenceareorganizedintogroupsoflexicalcategories,commonlyknownaspartsofspeech.

12.Chomskymadeadistinctionbetweentwolevelsofstructures:surfaceanddeepstructures.

13.Transformational-generativegrammarwasfirstsuggestedbyNoamChomsky.

Chapter5Semantics

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.

2.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

3.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.

4.Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.

5.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.

6.Behaviouristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.

7.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.

8.Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality.

9.Thepredicationanalysisofasentenceonlyappliestostatementsandinterrogativeforms.

II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

1.S________canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.

2.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnod______linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.

3.R______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

4.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds________.

5.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalledh__________.

6.Pairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitemsarecalledr_______opposites.

7.Whatiscommunicatedbyvirtueofwhatlanguagereferstoisther__________meaningofaword.

8.R_________oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.

9.C____analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.

10.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions,whichareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.

11.Accordingtothen____theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.

III.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby________.

A.PlatoB.BloomfieldC.GeoffreyLeechD.Firth

2.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents_______.

A.theconceptualistviewB.contexutalism

C.thenamingtheoryD.behaviourism

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

B.

Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.

C.

Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.

D.

Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.

4.“CanIborrowyourbike?”_______“Youhaveabike.”

A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes

5.___________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.

A.PredicationanalysisB.Componentialanalysis

C.PhonemicanalysisD.Grammaticalanalysis

6.“alive”and“dead”are______________.

A.gradableantonymsB.relationalopposites

C.complementaryantonymsD.noneoftheabove

7._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense

8.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.

A.PolysemyB.SynonymyC.HomonymyD.Hyponymy

9.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled______________.

A.homonymsB.polysemyC.hyponymsD.synonyms

10.Thekindofantonymybetween"married"and"single"isoneof__________

AconverseBrelationalCcomplementaryDgradable

11.Accordingtothecomponentialanalysis,theword“girl”and“woman”differinthefeatureof_______.

A.HUMNANB.ANIMATEC.MALED.ADULT

12.

Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.

A.

grammaticalrulesB.

selectionalrestrictions

C.

semanticrulesD.

semanticfeatures

13.Thewordsstationaryandstationeryareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning.Theyare_______.

A.completehomonymsB.homographsC.hyponymsD.homophones

14.Inthefollowingpairsofwords,areapairofcomple