備考2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練Unit6Earthfirst外研版必修第二冊(cè)

Unit6Earthfirst一、閱讀理解ATariqQaiser，anarchitect，istryingtoprotectmangroves（紅樹(shù)）.ThetreescouldsavePakistan’slargestcityKarachi，sittingontheArabianSea，fromnaturaldisasters.HecomestoBundalIslandseveraltimesaweektodocumenttheillegalcuttingofmangrovetrees."Onsomedays，youcan’thearasinglebirdbecausethechainsawsaresoloud.Thetreesarecutdownillegallyforfirewood，"hesays，shakinghishead.Besides，developersclearthemangrovestomakeroomforconstruction.Karachihasahotclimate，anditsconcretebuildingsandpavedroadsmakeitevenhotter.Offshore，thereareislandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowingclimatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbondioxideoutoftheair，holdingfourtimesasmuchoftheplanet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupportdiverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming，thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastalcitieslikeKarachifromflooding.Karachi’smangrovesaredisappearing.ButitsnumbersarerisinginotherpartsofPakistan.Withreplantingefforts，thecountryhastripled（成為三倍）itsmangrovecoverageoverthepast30years.Qaiser’sworkmayhaveworked.Recently，acourtinKarachideclaredBundalIsland’smangrovestobeprotectedforests.Butunforestedpartsoftheislandremainunprotected，anddeveloperswanttobuildthere.Cityofficialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringinbillionsofdollars.TheyclaimthatsomeofthatmoneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.EcologistRafiulHaqappreciatesQaiser’s"extraordinarywork"educatingthepublicaboutmangroves.ButhewishesQaiserwouldlookatthebiggerpicture."Only7％ofPakistan’smangrovesareinKarachi，"Haqsays.Hethinksit’swrongtofocusonthelossesin7％ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93％ofit.ButQaiserbelievesit’simportanttoprotecteverybit.巴基斯坦建筑師TariqQaiser為保護(hù)紅樹(shù)林而奔走，并取得了一定的效果。1.WhatdoweknowaboutKarachi’smangroves？A.Theyoccupythebuildingland.B.They’rehometovariousbirds.C.They’reprimarilybeingusedasfirewood.D.Theyprotectthecityfromclimatecatastrophes.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"ThetreescouldsavePakistan’slargestcityKarachi，sittingontheArabianSea，fromnaturaldisasters"可知，本題選D。2.Whyareeffortsmadetoconservethemangrovetrees？A.Theirbirthplacesmeetcrisis.B.Theyboasthugediversity.C.Theirbondswithnatureareclose.D.Theygrowatarapidspeed.解析C推理判斷題。由第二段中的"thekeytoslowingclimatechange...pullcarbondioxideoutoftheair...supportdiverseecosystems...thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastalcitieslikeKarachifromflooding"可知，紅樹(shù)林可以減緩氣候變化、吸收空氣中的二氧化碳、支持生態(tài)多元化、并保護(hù)海濱城市免遭洪災(zāi)。據(jù)此可以推斷，保護(hù)它們是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c自然的關(guān)系非常密切，故選C。3.WhatdoestheKarachigovernmentplantodo？A.Growmangrovesinotherareas.B.Destroybuildingstogrowmangroves.C.Buildmoremangrovereserves.D.Usemangrovestomakeprofit.解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的"TheyclaimthatsomeofthatmoneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan"可知，政府官員宣稱(chēng)他們會(huì)用BundalIsland建筑用地中獲取的資金去巴基斯坦的其他區(qū)域種植紅樹(shù)，故選A。4.WhatdoesHaqthinkofQaiser’sworkonKarachi’smangroves？A.Challenging. B.Effective.C.Insignificant. D.Partial.解析D態(tài)度推斷題。由最后一段中的"ButhewishesQaiserwouldlookatthebiggerpicture...ButQaiserbelievesit’simportanttoprotecteverybit"可知，Haq希望Qaiser可以看到更大的圖景，他說(shuō)巴基斯坦只有7％的紅樹(shù)林在卡拉奇。他認(rèn)為只關(guān)注全國(guó)7％的損失，而忽視93％的成功是錯(cuò)誤的。但是Qaiser認(rèn)為保護(hù)每一處都很重要。由此可推知，Haq認(rèn)為Qaiser在卡拉奇紅樹(shù)林上的工作是有偏袒的，故選D項(xiàng)。B[2024安徽六校開(kāi)學(xué)測(cè)試]This3-milestretchofsandandtidepoolsbeneathafortressof80-footbluffsisaCaliforniatourismposterifthereeverwasone.Nothingdisturbstheperfect，sunnyview，except—onceyounoticethem—microplasticparticles.Butyouhavetolookclose—on-your-hands-and-kneesclose—toseeone.Andonceyoudo，youseeanotherandanother—somanythatyoumaynotthinkofthis，oranybeach，inthesamewayagain.Thesetinypreproductionplasticballsthatmanufacturersmeltdowntoformeverythinghavebeenescapingfactories，containerships，trains，trucksandpublicnoticefordecades.The2-to3-millimetermulticoloredballsareasubset（子集）ofmicroplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersinsize.Microplasticparticlesaccumulatewherewatertakesthem，andthey’vebeenfoundonshorelinesofeverycontinent.MarkMcReynoldsisanenvironmentalscientistwho’snowjoinedaglobalmovementstudyingtheirtrailintotheenvironment.Establishingabaselinecountofthepresenceofmicroplasticparticles—and，morebroadly，anymicroplastics—isthefocusofDrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere.Chartingthecountandnotingtide，current，andweatherconditionswillshowifamountsareincreasing，andperhapsatwhatrateandwhy.Thatknowledge，hesays，caninformsolutionstoplasticpollutionsuchasregulationoftheiruse."Whatareyoudoing？Pickinguptrash？"asksasteadystreamofbeachwalkerswheneverDrMcReynolds’crewwalksontothebeachandsetsupequipment.TheseareteachablemomentsforDrMcReynolds.Onerecentmorninghetoldsomebeachwalkershowmicroplasticparticlesarebelievedtoabsorbtoxicchemicals，and—becausetheyresemblefisheggs—areeatenbyfishandbirdsandenterthefoodchain.Almostrightontime，aseagullhoppeduptoaplastic-coatedphotoofmicroplasticparticlesandhungrilypecked（啄食）atit.Willhisworkhelpsavetheworld？DrMcReynoldswags（搖）afingeratthatidea，"Iwon’teverusethatword—Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Protectit，yes.Wewanttotakecareofit."微塑料顆粒因?yàn)轶w積小，很久以來(lái)一直被人類(lèi)忽視，但其實(shí)它們對(duì)地球生物有著極其可怕的影響。為了更好地保護(hù)地球，環(huán)境科學(xué)家McReynolds以及他的團(tuán)隊(duì)正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)研究?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】particlen.顆粒meltdown熔化accumulatev.堆積，積聚，積累establishv.確定，建立resemblev.看起來(lái)像【熟詞生義】1.escape常用義：v.逃跑文中義：v.被忽視2.chart常用義：n.圖表文中義：v.記錄，跟蹤1.Whatcanweknowaboutmicroplasticparticlesfromparagraph1？A.Theyaretoosmalltobeseen.B.Theyareproductsofplasticballs.C.Theyhavebeenignoredforlong.D.Theycanbemadeintoalmostnothing.解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Thesetinypreproductionplasticballs...havebeenescaping...publicnoticefordecades"可知，本題選C項(xiàng)。2.WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsfocusoninhisstudy？A.Classifyingplasticparticlesintosubsets.B.Findingsolutionstoplasticpollution.C.Chartingthetidesandcurrentsofoceans.D.Gettingtoknowthebasicnumberofmicroplastics.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的"Establishingabaselinecount...DrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere"可知，本題選D項(xiàng)。3.Whatdoesaseagull’speckingatthepictureprove？A.Theinterestingteachablemoments.B.Theharmfuleffectofmicroplasticparticles.C.Thespreadofpoisonouschemicals.D.Thebeautyofthephotoofmicroplasticparticles.解析B推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段的"howmicroplasticparticlesarebelieved...hungrilypecked（啄食）atit"可知，微塑料顆粒會(huì)吸收有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，且因?yàn)樗鼈兛瓷先ハ耵~(yú)卵，它們會(huì)被魚(yú)類(lèi)和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)吃掉，從而進(jìn)入食物鏈。結(jié)合以上信息不難推知，海鷗的舉動(dòng)正好說(shuō)明了微塑料顆粒的危害，故選B項(xiàng)。4.WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsexpectofhiswork？A.Toinspirethepublic. B.Totestsolutions.C.Topreservetheearth. D.Tosavetheworld.解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的"Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Protectit，yes.Wewanttotakecareofit"可知，本題選C項(xiàng)。二、完形填空[2024福建福州一測(cè)]Theamountandscale（規(guī)模）ofenvironmentalissuesmayseemtoomuchforordinarypeople.Butwithhardworkanddetermination，anyonecan1greatthings.OnesuchpersonisYinYuzhen.Atayoungage，YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert.Shefelt2.Tocheerherselfupandimprovethe3environment，Yinbeganplantingtreestotake4backfromthedesert."Iwouldratherdieof5fromfightingthesandthanbeburiedbyit！"shesaid.Thecouplehadtotravelonfoot，doing6byhand.Atfirst，manytreesdidnotsurvive，7overtheyears，shelearntfromher8，discoveringthebestplantsandmethodstousetosuccessfullyplanta9inthedesert.Overmorethanthreedecades，theyhaveplantedover300，000trees.IthasbeensaidofYin："Sheisasymbolofcourage，patience，and10.Herworkingreeningthedesertdeservesuniversal11."Itiswithoutanydoubt12toseeaclearexampleofhowtheproblemofdesertificationcanbedealtwith.13mayseemsmallandinsignificant，yetovertimethey14togethertobecomegreatachievements.Ajourneyof1，000milesbeginswithasinglestepandthewillto15.Takeyourfirststep.Plantyourfirsttree.殷玉珍年輕的時(shí)候前往內(nèi)蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，為了振奮精神、改善艱苦環(huán)境，她開(kāi)始種樹(shù)。雖然剛開(kāi)始樹(shù)的成活率不高，但她和丈夫逐漸地取得成功。30多年來(lái)，他們總共種了30多萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)。1.A.turn B.store C.achieve D.promise解析C結(jié)合下文講述的事跡和常識(shí)可知，此處說(shuō)的是"只要努力、有決心，任何人都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)（achieve）偉大的事業(yè)"，故選C項(xiàng)。2.A.lonely B.nervous C.free D.well解析A由空前的"Atayoungage，YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert"和常識(shí)可知，一個(gè)年輕姑娘孤身前往內(nèi)蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，應(yīng)該會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)（lonely）。3.A.friendly B.changing C.quiet D.tough解析D由常識(shí)和殷玉珍夫婦種樹(shù)的舉動(dòng)可知，殷玉珍想改善沙漠里艱苦的（tough）環(huán)境。4.A.air B.land C.food D.energy解析B由常識(shí)可知，在沙漠里種樹(shù)是為了從沙漠那里奪回土地（land）。5.A.sickness B.emptiness C.tiredness D.sadness解析C殷玉珍寧可種樹(shù)累死（dieoftiredness）也不愿被沙土掩埋。6.A.everything B.somethingC.nothing D.anything解析A殷玉珍夫婦出行靠走，一切事情（everything）都要靠手去做。7.A.or B.and C.so D.but解析D所填詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。8.A.failure B.feelingsC.determination D.dreams解析A殷玉珍從失?。╢ailure）中吸取了經(jīng)驗(yàn)。9.A.garden B.forest C.seed D.crop解析B由"theyhaveplantedover300，000trees"可知，她用最好的植物和方法成功地在沙漠里種出了一片森林（forest）。10.A.fortune B.honestyC.harmony D.perseverance解析D結(jié)合殷玉珍所做的事可知，本題選D，perseverance表示"毅力，不屈不撓的精神"。fortune命運(yùn)，機(jī)會(huì)；honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)，正直；harmony融洽，和睦。11.A.organization B.truthC.respect D.method解析C由常識(shí)可知，30多年來(lái)靠雙手在沙漠中種出一片森林是值得大家尊重（respect）的。12.A.interesting B.challengingC.relaxing D.inspiring解析D由上文中講到的殷玉珍種樹(shù)的故事可以看出，這樣的努力是很激勵(lì)人心的（inspiring）。interesting有趣的；challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；relaxing令人放松的，輕松的。13.A.Actions B.ChoicesC.Promises D.Events解析A行動(dòng)（Actions）可能看起來(lái)微不足道，無(wú)關(guān)緊要，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們結(jié)合（join）在一起，那就是偉大的成就。14.A.stand B.join C.get D.put解析B參見(jiàn)上題解析。15.A.argue B.survive C.continue D.believe解析C此處指的是"繼續(xù)（continue）下去的意志"。三、語(yǔ)法填空[生態(tài)環(huán)保/]InGuatemala，environmentalworkershavesetupasteelnet1adirtyrivertotrytotrapplasticsandotherpollutants.Thetwoendsofthenet2（fix）onthetwosidesoftheriver.TheOceanCleanup，anon-profitgroup3（base）intheNetherlands，isleadingtheeffortontheLasVacasRivernearGuatemalaCity.Theenvironmentalgroupusesthe4（equip）speciallymadetocatchandremovepollutantsfromthewater，5aimistostoptheflowofplasticsandotherpollutionbeforetheyentertheocean.The6（rain）seasoninGuatemalabeginsinMayandlastsforseveralmonths.Levelsofpollutionintheriverare7（high）duringtherains.