Aspen-Plus石油煉制過程的模擬

AspenPlus高級班石油煉制過程的模擬2024/3/15高級精餾在化工領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用RADFRAC單元操作模型的應(yīng)用、收斂方法和參數(shù)的選??；三相蒸餾、萃取蒸餾、共沸蒸餾和反響蒸餾等特殊蒸餾過程的模擬；電解質(zhì)過程的模擬等。2024/3/15石油煉制過程的模擬方法

以一套典型的常減壓裝置為主線，講授以下5局部內(nèi)容：1)油品餾程分析數(shù)據(jù)的處理；2)初餾塔的模擬計算；3)常壓塔的模擬計算；4)減壓塔的模擬計算；5)計算原油中所含雜質(zhì)硫在各種產(chǎn)品中的分布。2024/3/15掌握如下新的內(nèi)容：

1)石油煉制過程蒸餾單元的模擬步驟；2)流程模擬軟件中石油餾份的特殊處理方法；3)掌握PETROFRAC單元操作模型的使用；4)產(chǎn)品中雜質(zhì)分布的計算。

2024/3/15復(fù)習：建立流程模擬模型的根本步驟確定模擬范圍，繪制模擬流程圖；將條件輸入相應(yīng)表格：SETUPCOMPONENTSPROPERTIESSTREAMSBLOKS。運行模擬計算檢查結(jié)果2024/3/15

油品分析和虛擬組分

目標:學習輸入石油分析數(shù)據(jù),創(chuàng)立調(diào)和組分(油品混合),以及表征石油餾分AspenPlus參考資料:UserGuide,Chapter6,SpecifyingComponentsUserGuide,Chapter32,PetroleumAssaysandPseudocomponents本章概況表征石油流體的挑戰(zhàn)油品餾程數(shù)據(jù)和性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)的輸入蒸餾曲線的轉(zhuǎn)換生成虛擬組分油品調(diào)和用戶自定義的虛擬組分2024/3/15石油的表征石油是烴類化合物和雜質(zhì)組成的寬沸程的混合物.石油或石油餾分的性質(zhì)取決于它們的組成，但是其組成難以定量分析石油用虛擬組分(pseudocomponents)來表征,虛擬組分是蒸餾曲線上較小的片斷.每一個虛擬組分的根本性質(zhì)由以下關(guān)聯(lián)式來計算:分子量(MW)正常沸點(TBP)重度或者WatsonUOPK2024/3/15Assays和Blends組分AssayData(TBP,D86)PseudocomponentsAssay-1Assay-2BlendPseudocomponents輸入 輸出2024/3/15輸入油品餾程分析數(shù)據(jù)1. 在DataBrowser下面,選擇Components,然后選Assay-Blend.2. 在Assay-Blend目標管理器下,創(chuàng)立一個assay并且提供一個名稱(ID).3. 在BasicData\DistCurve表中，輸入蒸餾曲線數(shù)據(jù).4. 在BasicData\DistCurve表中，輸入油品重度，或者在BasicData\Gravity/UOPK表中，輸入重度曲線或UOPK曲線數(shù)據(jù).虛擬組分將在模擬計算之初自動生成.2024/3/15ASSAY組分的表征輸入蒸餾曲線蒸餾曲線分割為很多個片段(TBPCutpoints)每一個片段生成一個虛擬組分每一個虛擬組分的性質(zhì)以以下參數(shù)的平均值為根底進行估算：分子量(MW)正常沸點(NBP)密度或比重(APIorSG)虛擬組分的流率在流股結(jié)果表中報告.2024/3/15Assay組分BasicData\DistCurve表2024/3/15重度的規(guī)定油品整體重度比重API重度重度曲線比重API重度API=141.5/SG-131.5WatsonUOPK曲線NBP=(UOPK*SG)32024/3/15Assay組分BasicData\Gravity/UOPK表2024/3/15蒸餾曲線蒸餾曲線類型:ASTMD86,D1160,D2887實沸點蒸餾曲線(TBP)(重量或體積基準)真空蒸餾曲線(重量或體積基準)每一個蒸餾曲線至少需要輸入4個點.報告中的蒸餾曲線為:ASTMD86ASTMD1160Vacuum(liquidvolume)2024/3/15油品分析數(shù)據(jù)計算程序Version9或更新的版本Version8或更老的版本蒸餾曲線轉(zhuǎn)換方法ASTMD86至實沸點(Trueboilingpoint)EdmisterEdmister-OkamotaPMLD2887至TrueboilingpointAPI87API94TBPWT蒸餾曲線計算方法2024/3/15曲線處理選項初餾點(Initialboilingpoint)0.5%(缺省)終餾點(Finalboilingpoint)99%(default)外延方法Probability(缺省)Quadratic鋸齒段擬合方法Harwell(缺省)Hermite曲線處理選項在Components\PetroCharacterization\AnalysisOptions\AssayProcedure表上.蒸餾曲線計算方法(續(xù))2024/3/15虛擬組分從油品分析數(shù)據(jù)生成.你可以規(guī)定切割溫度或切割片段(窄餾份)的寬度.Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\Cuts表上，規(guī)定切割溫度等.缺省值是40個切割點:TBPRange(F)100-800No.ofCutsIncrements(F)800-1200

1200-160028842550100切割溫度2024/3/15蒸餾曲線的切割2024/3/15虛擬組分性質(zhì)

用Watson/UOP“K”和API關(guān)聯(lián)式估算：典型地 10<UOPK<13

此處 10.0表示芳烴含量很高 13.0表示烷烴含量很高

2024/3/15所生成虛擬組分的命名Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation規(guī)定命名選項自動生成的名稱可以是:實際計算出來的NBP(如:PC864F)沸程下限溫度(如:PC800F)沸程上限溫度(如:PC900F)用戶選擇的順序號(如:PC1,PC2…)用戶定義的名稱2024/3/15附加的ASSAY組分數(shù)據(jù)可選的性質(zhì)曲線:輕端組分分析(light-endsmatching)比重或者API重度曲線WatsonUOPK曲線分子量曲線性質(zhì)曲線(多于30種性質(zhì))絕對&動力粘度曲線如果輸入油品整體性質(zhì)，單獨的曲線數(shù)值被歸一到整體性質(zhì).可以應(yīng)用用戶性質(zhì)曲線2024/3/15Assays組分的用戶性質(zhì)曲線在表格Properties\Advanced\UserProperties上，建立用戶性質(zhì)曲線.在表格中激活A(yù)ssayCurveproperties選項在表格Component\Assay/Blend\PropertyCurve上，輸入用戶性質(zhì)曲線的數(shù)據(jù)。對于高度非線性調(diào)和現(xiàn)象，如馬達法辛烷值，建議使用用戶調(diào)和子程序。2024/3/15性質(zhì)曲線的流股計算 性質(zhì)曲線被切割為與虛擬組分同樣多的片段。為每一個片段計算出平均的性質(zhì)數(shù)值流股的性質(zhì)數(shù)值由虛擬組分以及它們在流股中的濃度做調(diào)和計算得出計算虛擬組分混合物的性質(zhì)，有各種調(diào)和計算選項。2024/3/15石油性質(zhì)的調(diào)和石油性質(zhì)調(diào)和方法:標準體積(StdVol)摩爾(Mole)質(zhì)量(Mass)用戶(User)用于性質(zhì)計算的用戶調(diào)和子程序：用戶子程序名稱為BLDPPU.“調(diào)和選項”可以規(guī)定.性質(zhì)可以外延與否.在Components\PetroCharacterization\AnalysisOptions\BlendOptions\上，調(diào)和規(guī)那么可以修改。2024/3/15Assay(石油)數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件內(nèi)置的Assay數(shù)據(jù)庫，包含194種石油的分析數(shù)據(jù),其中有:

-來自Phillips石油數(shù)據(jù)庫的10種石油

-來自文獻的184種石油

在ComponentSpecifications\Petroleum表，查找Assay庫文件。和PhillipsPetroleum石油分析數(shù)據(jù)庫的接口，其中收集了超過250種石油的數(shù)據(jù)*需要與PhillipsPetroleum簽訂License協(xié)議。2024/3/15Assay(石油)數(shù)據(jù)庫每一種石油至少提供如下信息:餾程分析重度和/或重度曲線某些石油有附加的性質(zhì)曲線:苯胺點閃點 凝固點硫含量金屬含量硫醇研究法/馬達法辛烷值烷烴環(huán)烷烴芳烴雷諾蒸汽壓2024/3/15訪問Assay數(shù)據(jù)庫 2024/3/15創(chuàng)立Blends組分通過規(guī)定blend中每個assay的百分數(shù)，由assay創(chuàng)立blend.調(diào)和可以是Mole,Mass,或StdVol基準.要創(chuàng)立一個blend，至少規(guī)定2個assay組分.一個blend中的assay的數(shù)量沒有上限.報告中的蒸餾曲線為:ASTMD86ASTMD1160Vacuum(liquidvolume)2024/3/15輸入Blend組分1. 在數(shù)據(jù)瀏覽器DataBrowser,選擇組分Components,然后選擇Assay-Blend.2. IntheAssay-Blend目標管理器,創(chuàng)立一個blend并且提供名稱(ID).3. 在Mixture\Specifications表上，輸入各assay組分的調(diào)和分數(shù).虛擬組分將在模擬計算之初自動生成.2024/3/15Blend組分之Mixture\Specifications表2024/3/15Assay/Blend結(jié)果Assay/blend的計算結(jié)果可以在表格Components\Assay-BlendResults查看.每一個assay或blend組分有自己單獨的結(jié)果表格(resultsform).

2024/3/15Generation\Cuts表格2024/3/15虛擬組分的生成缺省情況,一套完整的虛擬組分由輸入的所有assay組分生成.在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\Specifications上，用戶可以規(guī)定生成虛擬組分時，包括/不包括特別的assay.只有在表格Generation\Specifications上選出的assays和blends，才用于生成虛擬組分。在表格Generation\Specifications上未選用的Assaysorblends，將不被使用，它們的IDs不在流股輸入表格上顯示.2024/3/15虛擬組分命名虛擬組分的命名約定計算出的沸點(例如：PC125,PC136,…)規(guī)定起始編號切割溫度上限(例如：將225-250F窄餾份命名為PC250)切割溫度下限(例如：將225-250F窄餾份命名為PC225)用戶定義的名稱列表在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\NamingOptions上，規(guī)定命名約定.如果你要將AspenPlus生成的虛擬組分與反響器或者別離模塊關(guān)聯(lián)，應(yīng)使用用戶定義的名稱列表。2024/3/15Generation\NamingOptions表格2024/3/151. 在表格Components\Specifications\Selection上， 輸入組分IDs并且選擇Pseudocomponent類型。2. 在表格Components\Pseudocomponents\Specifications上,至少提供以下參數(shù)中的兩個：正常沸點NBP,重度Gravity(Specificgravity,APIgravity,orLiquiddensity),分子量MolecularweightAspenPlus可以估算第3性質(zhì).3.可選地,輸入與溫度相關(guān)的性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù):液相粘度Liquidviscosity水溶解度Watersolubility飽和蒸汽壓Vaporpressure定義用戶虛擬組分2024/3/15虛擬組分規(guī)定表格2024/3/15虛擬組分物性方法方法名稱描述API-METHCOAL-LIQLKAPI-TWUAPIprocedureCorrelationsforcoal-liquidfractionsLeeKeslercorrelationsAPIprocedurewithTwucorrelationsforcriticalpropertiesASPEN(default)APIprocedurewithAspenmodifications注意: 不要將虛擬組分物性方法與流程模擬物性方法混淆，前者只是用于虛擬組分石油性質(zhì)參數(shù)的計算。2024/3/15虛擬組分計算結(jié)果生成的虛擬組分在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\Results上瀏覽檢查。2024/3/15表格AnalysisOptions\AssayProcedure2024/3/15石油性質(zhì)模型根本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型分子量MolecularWeight臨界溫度CriticalTemperature臨界壓力CriticalPressure臨界體積CriticalVolume偏心因子AccentricFactor飽和蒸汽壓VaporPressure液相摩爾體積LiquidMolarVolume水溶解度WaterSolubility粘度Viscosity根本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型可以在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\PropertiesMethods\Basic上修改。2024/3/15石油性質(zhì)模型(續(xù))虛擬組分熱力學性質(zhì)模型理想氣體熱容IdealGasHeatCapacity汽化焓EnthalpyofVaporization標準生成焓StandardEnthalpyofFormation標準生成自由能StandardFreeEnergyofFormation根本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型可以在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\PropertiesMethods\Thermodynamic上修改.2024/3/15石油性質(zhì)模型(續(xù))虛擬組分狀態(tài)方程(EOS)性質(zhì)模型RKSInteractionParametersBWROrientationParameterBWRCriticalTemperatureBWRCriticalVolume根本的虛擬組分性質(zhì)模型可以在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\PropertiesMethods\EOS上修改.2024/3/15石油交互作用參數(shù)虛擬組分與以下常規(guī)組分的交互作用參數(shù)Kijs:H2SN2CO2COH2CH42024/3/15物性方法的修改用戶可以建立自己的虛擬組分石油性質(zhì)方法.各種性質(zhì)的計算模型可以改變.大多數(shù)虛擬組分性質(zhì)可以應(yīng)用子程序.在線幫助中有每一種性質(zhì)方法的簡要說明2024/3/15流程模擬計算在流程模擬計算期間,不區(qū)分虛擬組分和真實組分.產(chǎn)品流股中的虛擬組分調(diào)和在一起，并且生成蒸餾曲線產(chǎn)品終餾點(即D8695%point)或者初餾點(D865%point)可以規(guī)定為單元操作的性能指標：塔內(nèi)部的設(shè)計規(guī)定用于其它單元操作的外部設(shè)計規(guī)定2024/3/15檢查蒸餾塔各產(chǎn)品之間的別離效果(重疊度)2024/3/15

PetroleumPropertiesandPropertySets

Objective:BecomefamiliarwithpetroleumpropertiesandlearntheuseofstreamanalysisAspenPlus

References:

UserGuide,Chapter32,PetroleumAssaysandPseudocomponentsPetroleumPropertiesReidvaporpressureAPIandspecificgravityWatsonUOPKfactorAnilinepointPourpointFlashpointCetanenumberCarbontohydrogenratioGrossheatingvalue2024/3/15PetroleumProperties(Continued)MeanandvolumeaverageboilingpointHydrateformationpressureandtemperatureRefractiveindexLiquidviscosityindexD86temperaturesat(0,5,10,…95%)D1160temperaturesat(0,5,10,…95%)D2887temperaturesat(0,5,10,…95%)TBPtemperaturesVacuumtemperatures2024/3/15PetroleumProperties(Continued)Properties(curves)fromAssayAnalysisPointsAniline,cloud,flash,freeze,smokeContentsAromatic,olefin,paraffin,naphthalene,mercaptanC,H,O,NImpurities:S,V,Fe,NiIndices:Antiknock,vaporknock,refractive,warm-upNumbers:MotorandresearchoctaneLuminometerViscosityGenerallyinputcurvesforassaystogeneratethesecurvesforproductstreamsisneeded.2024/3/15DistillationCurvesVolumeandweightbasisASTMD86ASTMD1160ASTMD2887(weightpercentonly)VacuumTBPAPIGravityGravityMW2024/3/15PropertySetsApropertyset(Prop-Set)isawayofaccessingacollection,orset,ofpropertiesasanobjectwithauser-givenname.Onlythenameofthepropertysetisreferencedwhenusingthepropertiesinanapplication.Usepropertysetstoreportthermodynamic,transport,andotherpropertyvalues.Currentpropertysetapplicationsinclude:Designspecifications,Fortranblocks,sensitivityStreamreportsPhysicalpropertytables(PropertyAnalysis)Trayproperties(RadFrac,PetroFrac,etc.)Heating/coolingcurves(Flash2,MHeatX,etc.)2024/3/15PropertiesincludedinProp-SetsPropertiescommonlyincludedinpropertysetsinclude:API -APIgravitySGSTD -Standardspecificgravity(60F,1atm)REIDVP -ReidvaporpressureD86T -D86temperatureMUMX -ViscosityAvailablepropertiesinclude:ThermodynamicpropertiesofcomponentsinamixturePurecomponentthermodynamicpropertiesTransportpropertiesElectrolytepropertiesPetroleum-relatedpropertiesReference:AspenPlusPhysicalPropertyDataReferenceManual,Chapter4,PropertySetshasacompletelistofpropertiesthatcanbeincludedinapropertyset.2024/3/15DefiningPropertySetsSpecificationsforapropertysetinclude:PropertynameandunitsTemperatureandpressureatwhichtocalculateIncludeorexcludewaterphasequalifier(V,L,L1,L2,T,S)2024/3/15SpecifyingPropertySetsUsethePropertiesProp-Sets

form

tospecifypropertiesinapropertyset.TheSearchbuttoncanbeusedtosearchforaproperty.Allspecifiedqualifiersapplytoeachpropertyspecified,whereapplicable.UserscandefinenewpropertiesonthePropertiesAdvancedUser-Properties

formbyprovidingaFortransubroutine.2024/3/15PredefinedPropertySetsSomesimulationTemplatescontainpredefinedpropertysets.ThefollowingtablelistspredefinedpropertysetsandthetypesofpropertiestheycontainfortheGeneralTemplate:2024/3/15PredefinedPetroleumProp-Sets

(Continued)

PredefinedProp-SetswiththePetroleumApplicationtemplate:PREDEFINEDPROPERTYSETTYPESOFPROPERTIESCUTS-EVolumetricflowrateofpetroleumcutsat100FintervalsD86-5ASTMD86temperatureat5%liquidvolumedistilled

D86-95ASTMD86temperatureat95%liquidvolumedistilledGAS-PROPSCompressibility,volumetricflowrate,heatcapacityratio

KINVISCLiquidkinematicviscosityat100Fand212F

LIGHTPetroleumcharacteristicsforlightdistillates

MIDDLEPetroleumcharacteristicsformiddledistillates

PETROVolumetricflowrate,gravity,WatsonK,distillationcurves

TBP-5Trueboilingpointtemp.at5%liquidvolumedistilled

TBP-95Trueboilingpointtemp.at95%liquidvolumedistilled2024/3/15PetroleumProp-SetsMostpetroleumpropertiesarecalculatedfrominputpropertycurves.Somepetroleumpropertiesarecalculatedfromcorrelations(FLSH-API,POUR-API)Propertiesareaccessedandusedinexactlythesamewayasotherprop-setproperties2024/3/15StreamResultsOptionsOntheSetupReportOptionsStreamsheet,use:FlowBasisandFractionBasischeck-boxestospecifyhowstreamcompositionisreportedPropertySetsbuttontospecifynamesofpropertysetscontainingadditionalpropertiestobereportedforeachstream2024/3/15Prop-setsDiscussion1.Givetworeasonsthatapropertysetisneeded.2.Howdoyoudefineapropertyset?3.Auserdefinedaprop-setforviscosityandthenranthesimulation.Afterthesimulationwascomplete,heopenedthestreamresults.Tohissurprise,hedidnotseeviscosity.Whathappened?2024/3/15

PetroFrac

Objective:IntroducethefeaturesofthePetroFracmodelanditsuseinsimulatingacrudetowerAspenPlus

References:

UnitOperationModelsReferenceManual,Chapter4,ColumnsCharacteristicsofRefiningProcessWideboilingrangefluidsLargetemperaturegradientsalongcolumnMostfluidcompositionsareunknownbuttheirdistillationanalysisisknownThreephasewithfreewaterSidestrippersandpumparoundsPetroleumspecificphysicalpropertiesHighdegreeofheatintegrationMetalandsulfurcontents2024/3/15PetroleumRefiningApplicationsPetroFracisadistillationmodelspecificallydesignedforpetroleumrefiningapplications:preflashtowercrudeunitvacuumunitvacuumlubefractionatorFCCmainfractionatordelayedcokermainfractionatorquenchtower/primaryfractionator 2024/3/15PetroFracFeaturesIntegrationoffurnace,column,sidestripperandpumparoundADA/PCSforassayinput,crudeblendandbreakdownConversionbetweendifferentASTMcurvesUserspecificationofcutsPetroleumorientedspecificationsTrayandpackingsizingandratingOtherfeaturesInitializationandconvergence2024/3/15ExampleCrudeTowerGASDECANTWATERNAPHTHAJETFUELKEROSENEDIESEL

GASOILRESIDCRUDEFEEDSTEAM2024/3/15PetroFrac-ConnectivityVaporDistillateBottomsFeedsFeedsOverflashPumparoundPumparoundStripperBottomsLiqReturnSideProductsOverheadLiquidDistillateWaterDistillateFeedHeatBottomStageorReboilerHeatDutyTopStageorCond.HeatDutyHeatorReboilerHeatDutySteamFeed2024/3/15PetroFrac-FlowsheetConnectivityAnynumberofpumparoundsandsidestrippersSteamorreboilerstrippersStripperhotliquidreturnMultiplefeedstostrippersTotalpumparoundandproductdrawoffsInterstagewaterdecantersHeatstreamsforpumparoundcoolersPseudostreams2024/3/15PetroFrac-ModelSpecificationsSetupform(required)

Numberofstages

CondenserandReboiler

Distillaterate,Bottomsrate,Condenserduty, Reboilerduty,orRefluxRatioFeed/Product(required)

Feedconvention:furnace,on-stage,above-stagePres-Profile(required)PumparoundsStrippers2024/3/15PetroFrac-PumparoundSpecificationsDrawandreturnstagelocations(required)Fortotaldrawoffs,specifyoneofthefollowing:returntemperaturetemperaturechange(negativeifcooled)duty(negativeifcooled)

Forpartialdrawoffs,specifyliquidflowrate

andoneoftheabove.2024/3/15PetroFrac-SideStripperSpecificationsStageNumberForeachstripper,thetraysarenumberedfromtoptobottomstartingwithstage1.SteamStripperSpecifyingasteam-to-productratiowilloverridethesteamflowrate.ReboilerStripperSpecifyareboilerduty.2024/3/15PetroFrac-SideStripperConventionsLiquiddrawalwaysgoestothestrippertopstage.

VaporalwaysreturnstothemaincolumnOtherSpecificationsAfractionofthestripperbottomscanbereturnedtothemaincolumnMultipledrawoffsfromdifferentstagesasfeedstothesamestripperareallowed2024/3/15PetroFrac-OtherSpecificationsSteamtoproductflowratio(mass)FeedoverflashFurnaceoutlettemperatureLiquidrunbackfromastageASTMtempsandgapsPetroleumproperties(RVP,flashpoint,pourpoint,etc…)MurphreeefficiencyMultiplepropertyoptionspecificationsFreewatercalcsinthecondenseroronalltraysBlocksPetroFracPropertiesformtospecifyinternalstagescheckedforfreewater-condenserischeckedautomaticallyTray/packing2024/3/15PetroFrac-DesignSpecificationsMeetproductpropertybyvarying:strippingsteamflowrate/reboilerdutyproductflowratepumparoundflowrateorreturntemperaturefurnacetemperatureMeetaparticularstagetemperaturebyvarying:furnaceoutlettemperaturepumparoundflowrateorreturntemperature Meetproductflowratebyvarying:furnaceoutlettemperature2024/3/15PetroFrac-DefinitionsRunbackLiquidflowratefromastagetoalowerstage,equivalenttostageliquidflowratelesssidedrawsTheRunbackformisusedtospecifytherunbackfromastage.ThemanipulatedvariableisthepumparounddutyorflowrateLiquidFlowInPetroFrac,stageliquidflowreportedinthetrayprofileisthesumofrunback,sidedraw,andpumparound.InRadFrac,stageliquidflowexcludesanysideproductdrawandpumparound.2024/3/15OutsideLoopPhysicalProperties(ai,KB,HV,HL)InsideLoopcmi=cmioutyi=KixiSxi=1.0,Syi=1.0SHiin=SHioutl,v,x,y,L=Sli,V=Svi

TInsideloopsolvedbyNewtonmethodwithorwithoutlog-legPetroFrac-ConvergenceSum-Ratesvariantoftheinside-outalgorithm2024/3/15PetroFrac-ConvergenceAlgorithm:sum-ratesvariantoftheinside-out

Initialization:designedforrefiningapplication

Toenhanceconvergence:providecolumn/strippertemperatureestimatesvaryconvergencedampingfactorstoenhancestabilitychangedesignspecifications

2024/3/15PetroFrac-Summary1. PetroFraccombinesFurnace,Column,Pumparound,andSidestripperintoonemodelwhichmakesthesimulationeasytosetupandconverge.2. Feedcharacteristicscanbeuserinputorfromtheassaylibrary.3. Multiplefeedscanbeblendedtocreateafeedmixture.4. Additionalpropertiesofaparticularproductcanbereportedbyaddingpropertysets.5. Runbackfromastageistheliquidflowrateleavingthestageandenteringthestagebelow.Runbackandliquidflowcanbedifferent.6. Mostcrudetowersdonothaveareboileratthebottom.Eitherthebottomsteamrateorthefurnacedutyisvariedtomeettheenergyrequirement(energybalance).

2024/3/15PetroFrac-Discussion1. RadFracandMultiFraccanalsobeusedtosimulatethec