中考英語語法易錯點點撥

匯報人：XX2024-02-05中考英語語法易錯點點撥目錄VerbTenseandVoiceNumberofNounsandCaseComparativeandSuperlativeAdjectivesandAdvantageousPositionsandconnectionsusageSentencestructureandcomponentsSituationalcommunicationlanguage01VerbTenseandVoiceusedtodescribehats,generaltruths,andactionsthatarehappeningrightnowPresenttenseExamplePresentcontinuoustenseExample"Ieatanappleeveryday."usedtodescribeactionsthatarehappeningatthemomentofspeaking"Iamstudyingfortheexam."PresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseusedtodescribecompletedactionsinthepastSimplepasttense"Yesterday,Iwenttothepark."ExampleusedtodescribeactionsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepastLastcontinuoustense"WhileIwasstudying,myroomwaswatchingTV."ExampleSimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustenseFuturetensepredictionandusageFuturetenseusedtodescribeactionsthatwillhappeninthefutureExample"Iwillgotothebeachtomorrow."Predictionwithfuturetenseusingmodalverbssuchas"will"or"shall"topredictfutureeventsExample"Itwillrainlatertoday."PassivevoiceExampleUsageofpassivevoiceExampleCompositionofpassivevoiceExampleusedtoshiftthefocusfromthesubjecttotheactionbeingperformed"ThebookwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling."Formedbyusingthepastparticleoftheverbandauxiliaryverbssuchas"be,""havebeen,"or"willbe.""Thehouseisbeingpaidbytheworkers."commonlyusedinacademicwritingandformalcontextstoemphasizetheactioncomparedtothedoer"Mistakesweremadeduringtheexperiment."TheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice02NumberofNounsandCaseCountablenounsrefertoindividualpeople,animals,objects,orideasthatcanbecountedUncountablenounsrefertoabstracts,concepts,orabstractideasthatcannotbecountedindividuallyCommonmissesincludeusingcountablenounswithoutarticlesorusinguncountablenounswithdefinearticlesDistinguishingbetweencountableanduncountablenounsMostnounsformtheusualbyadding-sor-estotheendofthewordNounsendingin-osometimesadd-esor-sintheusualform,dependingonthevowelsoundNounsendingin-ychangethe-yto-iesintheliteralformIrregularregularnounsdonotfollowthegeneralrulesandmustbelearnedindividuallyTheLawofChangesinthePluralFormofNounsThepositivecaseofnounsisformedbyadding'stotheendofthewordforsingularnounsandbyaddingjustanapostropheforpluralnounsendinginsIfanounendsin-sandthefollowingwordbeginningswithans,thepassiveisformedbyaddingjustanapostropheCommonmissesincludeusingthepassiveformofpronounsinsteadofnounsoromittingtheapostropheForregularnounsnotendingin-s,'sisaddedtotheendofthewordThemethodofrepresentingthepositivecaseofnounsArticlesareusedbeforenounstoindicatewhichnounisspecificorgeneralTheisusedbeforespecificnounsornounsthathavebeenpreviouslymentioned"A"or"an"isusedbeforegeneralnounsorwhenintroducinganounforthefirsttimeArticlesarenotusedbeforeregularnounslesstheyarebeingtreatedasasingleunitorbeforeuncountablenounsCommonmissesincludeomittingarticlesorusingthewrongarticlebeforeanoun0102030405Tipsforusingarticles03ComparativeandSuperlativeAdjectivesandAdvantageousOnesyllableobjectivesGenerallyadd"-er"or"-est"toformthecomparativeandsuperiorformsTwosyllableobjectivesifthestressisonthefirstsystolic,therulesarethesameasforonesyllableobjectives;Ifthestressisonthesecondsystolic,use"more"or"most"beforetheobjectiveTherulesfortheconstructionofcomparativeandsuperiorobjectivesuse"more"or"most"beforetheobjectionAdjectiveswiththreeormoresymmetriesSomeobjectionshaveirregularcomparativeandsuperiorforms,suchas"good,better,best"and"bad,word,word"IrregularobjectionsTherulesfortheconstructionofcomparativeandsuperiorobjectives"Shesingsmorebeautifullythanhersister."(Comparative)"Herunsthefastinourclass."(Superlative)"Theyworkharderthananyoneelse."(Comparative)"Sheisthemostcarefullypreparedstudentintheclass."(Superlative)01020304ExamplesofcomparativeandsuperlativeusageofadvertisementsAnalysisofCommonConfusedAdjectivesandAdvancements"Good"vs."well""Far"vs."further""Less"vs."Fewer""Later"vs."later""good"isanadvisoryusedtodescribenouns,while"well"isanadvisoryusedtodescribeverbs"less"isusedforcountablenouns,while"Fewer"isusedforcountablenouns"later"referstotime,while"later"referstothesecondoftwothingsmentioned"far"referstophysicaldistance,while"further"referstoadditionalprogressorcontentModifycomparativeandsuperiorwords"Useofadvertisemen…forexample,"manybetter,""evenmoreimportant,""byfarthebest.""Useofpositionsto…forexample,"betterthan,""differentfrom,""superiorto."""Useofnegativewor…forexample,"notasgoodas,""notbetterthan,""notthebest."""Useofintellectual…forexample,"absolutelythebest,""completelythemostimportant,""extremelythefastest.""04PositionsandconnectionsusageIn,on,atThesearethemostcommonlyusedpositionsofplace"In"isusedforenclosedspaces,"on"forsurfaces,and"at"forspecificpointsBy,with,throughThesepositionsareoftenusedtoindicatemeansormethods"By"suggestionsanactiondonebyacertainmethodoragent,"with"indicationsoftheuseofatoolormaterial,and"through"implicationspassingfromonesidetoanotherOf,from,forThesepositionsareusedtoexpressrelationships"Of"notessessionororigin,"from"indicatorssourceorstartingpoint,and"for"isusedtoshowpurposeordestinationCommonpositionsandtheirsettlementhatsTheseconnectionsjoinwords,phrases,orclausesthataregraphicallyequalCommonparallelconnectionsinclude"and,""but,""or,""and"so."ParallelconnectionsTheseconnectionsintroducedependentclausesthatprovideadditionalinformationtothemainclauseCommonsuborderconnectionsinclude"because,""appropriate,""when,"and"if."SubordinateconnectionsDistinguishingbetweenparallelconnectionsandadjacentconnectionsTimearguments01Claimsthatexpresstimerelationshipsoftenbeginwithwordslike"when,""while,""after,""before,"etcCauseandeffectadvertisements02Claimsthatexpresscauseandeffectrelationshipsoftenbeginwithwordslike"because,""since,""as,""sothat,"etcConditionadaptations03Claimsthatexpressconditionalrelationshipsoftenbeginwithwordslike"if,""less,""providedthat,"etcAdverbialclauseguidewordselectionMisuseofpositions:Thistypeoferroroccurswhenapositionisusedincorrectlywithaverb,objective,ornounForexample,"Iamlookingforwardtoseeyou"shouldbe"Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyou."Redundancyofpositions:Thiserroroccurswhenapositionisunnecessarilyrepeatedorusedwithaverborobjectivethatalreadyimpliestheposition'smeaningForexample,"Hearrivedatthestoreat3pm"shouldbe"Hearrivedatthestoreat3pm"(thesecond"at"isredundant)Incorrectsettlementofpositions:ThiserroroccurswhenapositionisusedwithanounorobjectiveinawaythatisnottypicalorcorrectForexample,"Iaminterestedonthistopic"shouldbe"Iaminterestedinthistopic."AnalysisofErrorpronePreliminaryPhrases05SentencestructureandcomponentsAnalysisofBasicSentencePatternsinSimpleSentencesSubjectVerb(SV)PatternIdentifysenseswithonlyasubjectandaverb,suchas"Shesings."SubjectVerbObject(SVO)PatternRecognizesenseswithasubject,verb,anddirectobject,suchas"Theybounceacar."SubjectVerbAdverbial(SVA)PatternUnderstandsenseswithasubject,verb,andadvisoryphraseorclause,suchas"Hewenthomehappily."SubjectVerbComplex(SVC)PatternDistinguishingsenseswithasubject,verb,andcompletion,suchas"Sheseestired."ParallelSentencesIdentifytwoormoresimplesentimentsthataregraphicallysimilarandhaveaparallelstructure,suchas"Shestudiedhard,andheplayedsports."CompoundSentencesRecognizesentimentsthatcontaintwoormoreindependentclassesjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,and,but,or)oracoordinatingconnection(e.g.,because,although),suchas"Shestudiedhardbecauseshewantedtogetintoagoodcollege."AnAnalysisoftheStructureofParallelandCompoundSentencesOtherComponentsBefamilywithotherpresencecomponentssuchasadvisors,completeness,andterminatorsSubjectIdentifythenounorpronounthatperformstheactionorisinastateofbeinginapresence,suchas"She"in"Shesingles."PredictReco