技巧09 如何銜接連貫-高一英語讀后續(xù)寫基礎(chǔ)技巧與整體演練

高一英語讀后續(xù)寫基礎(chǔ)技巧與整體演練技巧09如何銜接連貫高考英語作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強調(diào)文章語言的“連貫性”和“復(fù)雜性”。高考英語作文最高一檔的給分范圍和要求：“覆蓋所有的內(nèi)容要點；應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致；具備較強的語言運用能力；能有效地使用語句問的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”。顯然，考生要得高分，除了文章要點全、語法正、表達準(zhǔn)、結(jié)構(gòu)整、邏輯順、卷面潔外，考生還得掌握句型與詞語的運用及行文(過渡承啟)技巧，以增強語言的表達力和文章的邏輯性，提高文章檔次。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的“連貫性”在語言表達中起著非常重要的作用?！斑B貫性”主要是就句子之間的銜接和文章段落的過渡而言的。它要求段落中句與句之間、全文段落與段落之間的組織與安排以一種明晰的、合乎邏輯的順序進行，做到條理清楚、層次分明。這樣的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)才能讓評卷老師迅速而準(zhǔn)確地捕捉文章信息。反之，敘述順序混亂、前言不搭后語的文章會因“缺乏可讀性”而被判為較低的得分檔次。因此，英語讀后續(xù)寫中，考生就必然要關(guān)注促進語篇連貫的銜接方式的使用。讀后續(xù)寫常用語篇銜接手段分析1.照應(yīng)照應(yīng)指用代詞等語法手段來表示語義關(guān)系，即在語篇中某個名詞或概念第二次或重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時應(yīng)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇~或其他成分替代它。根據(jù)韓禮德和哈桑的觀點，英語中的照應(yīng)主要分為3類：人稱照應(yīng)、指示照應(yīng)、比較照應(yīng)。（1）人稱照應(yīng)：人稱照應(yīng)是通過人稱代詞（如I、you、he、she、they、him、her、them等）、所屬限定詞（如your、his、her、their等)和所屬代詞(如mine、his、hers、theirs等）來實現(xiàn)的。（2）指示照應(yīng)：用于指示照應(yīng)的詞也可以分為3類：名詞性指示詞：this、that、these、those；定冠詞the；副詞性指示詞：her，their、now、then。（3）比較照應(yīng)：比較照應(yīng)指使用一些有比較意義的形容詞或副詞的比較級表達連貫的語義（如same、as、so、equal、such、similarly、differently、other、otherwise、likewise等表示的照應(yīng)關(guān)系）。2.替代和省略（1）替代：替代是用其他詞代替上文的提及的內(nèi)容，這樣可以避免重復(fù)，達到語言凝練，語句連貫的目的。替代有名詞性替代（如one、ones、some等）、動詞性替代（如do、does、did、doing、done等）和從句性替代（如so、not等）。（2）省略：省略的作用同替代相似，省略可以使上下語義聯(lián)系緊密，強調(diào)作者要表達的中心意思。省略大致分為3類：名詞性省略、動詞性省略、分句性省略。3.連接詞連接詞指表示能把兩個或多個短句銜接起來的表達一定邏輯關(guān)系的詞。韓禮德（1976）把它們表示的關(guān)系分為4大類：增補（如and、also、too、furthermore等）、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ龋ㄈ鏱ut、yet、still、nevertheless、though、while、however等）、原因或結(jié)果（如because、for、as、since等）和時間（如first、second、third等）。4.詞匯銜接詞匯銜接指通過詞的重復(fù)、同義、反義、上下義、互補、整體與部分等關(guān)系來使語篇語義連貫。表1：高考英語讀后續(xù)寫中的銜接手段舉例試題句子表達舉例銜接手段分析2016/10，浙江Bythetimetheyreachedthelake,JanewassoangrythatshesaidtoTom.“I’mgoingtofindabetterspotforustocamp”and

walked

away.照應(yīng)：she/us連接詞：so...that.../and2017/6，浙江AsMacpedaled(騎行)alongalone,hethoughtfondlyofhiswifeandtwoyoungdaughtersathome.Hehopedtoshowthemthisbeautifulplacesomeday.照應(yīng)：he/them詞匯銜接：as/and2018/6，浙江Itwassopeacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene.Itlookedlikeabeautifulwoven(編織的)blanketspreadoutuponthegroundjustforus.照應(yīng)：it/us連接詞：and2020/1，浙江Thehouseseemedquietasatombwithouttheboylivingthere.照應(yīng)：there2020，新高考I卷“Iwishyoucouldseehim,”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando.”照應(yīng)：her/his連接詞：and/but2021/1，浙江Myexcitementwasshort-lived......IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtherightangle，butitwasnouse."Ican'tgetitout!"Ishouted，myvoicesoundingunnaturallyloudintheenclosedspace.照應(yīng)：my/I連接詞：as/and/but2021年，新高考I卷ButJeff’shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehimputhishandincoldwater.Thenshecaughtthesmellofburning.Ohdear!Thepieceofbreadinthepanhadturnedblackaswell.照應(yīng)：he/his連接詞：and/but/then/aswell實現(xiàn)讀后續(xù)寫語篇銜接與連貫策略一、整體審視語篇，確定話題主題

文章語篇的連貫是以內(nèi)容的合理布局為前提的。因此，要想寫出一篇高分作文，審題是關(guān)鍵的一步，一般堅持以下幾個步驟：（1）審讀情景材料：即對試題所提供的“情景”

(包括目的、對象、時間、地點、內(nèi)容等)及其“形式”

(一般為圖畫、圖表、提綱等)予以全面的了解，同時不可忽視最后提供的“注意”。（2）提取主題思想：在審題的同時，要注意從所給材料中提煉出一個主題，即作文的中心。它是全文成敗的關(guān)鍵所在，因為“評分說明”明確指出：

“對緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分”。一般來講，文章的中心不超出高中生學(xué)習(xí)和日常生活中的所見所聞。

（3）進行信息取舍：確定主題之后，就要依據(jù)所需文體(多為應(yīng)用文、記敘文或說明文)，圍繞中心對所獲取的信息進行篩選，以突出重點。

（4）列舉表述要點：這是評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的最主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即是否“覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點”。動筆寫作之前，最好在草稿紙上列出要點，以免因時間緊等原因而遺漏。

（5）確定主題句：段落通常由一個表示段落中心思想的主題句和一些用來說明、描寫、論證該主題的發(fā)展句構(gòu)成。段落的主題句非常重要，對段落的各句起到提綱挈領(lǐng)的作用。一般情況下，主題旬的位置都在段落的開頭，清楚明了地告訴讀者該段落將要陳述的內(nèi)容。為了便于展開下文，主題句一般要具備以下兩個特點：①內(nèi)容要明確具體，具有特定性和單一性，切忌籠統(tǒng)。比較：

a.LearningEnglishisimportant.

LearningEnglishisimportantformiddleschoolstudents.

b.Tomisagoodstudent．

Tomisahard-workingstudent.

上述例句中的第二句要比第一句具體、明確得多。

②語言要簡潔，開門見山。如下面是題為“Honesty(談?wù)\實)”一文中的開頭：

Honestyisoneofthebestvirtues.Anhonestmanisalwaystrustedandrespected.Onthecontrary,onewhotellsliesisregardedasa“l(fā)iar”,andislookeddownuponbyhonestpeople.

二、拓展主題語句，注意語篇連貫

主題句僅僅是提出基本觀點，而要使評卷老師理解你的觀點，就必須展開主題，就要考慮如何組織安排語句，也就是說，文章詞與詞、句與句之間必須銜接密切，具有連貫性。因此，文章語句和段落就要進行適當(dāng)排序，并要根據(jù)所表達的具體內(nèi)容選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接方式，常用的方法有以下幾種：巧用過渡詞語，理順句子邏輯關(guān)系。為了使文章在整體上結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，渾然一體，增強文章的說服力和感染力，保證段落或文章的連貫，考生應(yīng)該在句子與句子之間，甚至段落與段落之間，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┻^渡性詞語，使文意表達清晰、流暢。過渡連接詞按語義劃分為以下最常見的幾種類型：(見下表)表2：過渡銜接詞舉例邏輯關(guān)系常見過渡詞語表示添加信息and,also,too,besides,moreover,aswellas,either…or,neither…nor…,furthermore,inaddition,whatismore,notonly…butalso,worsestill表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,however,although,ontheotherhand,otherwise,while,rather,still,nevertheless，inspiteof,onthecontrary,whereas,incontrast表示遞進關(guān)系besides,again,moreover,worsestill,aboveall,certainly,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition,importantofall,tomakematterworse表示因果關(guān)系so,for,therefore,asaresult,because,owingto,dueto,thanksto,therefore,since,thus,hence,onaccountof,consequently,asaconsequence,itfollowsthat…表示條件關(guān)系as(so)longas,if,unless,onconditionthat表示解釋、說明關(guān)系actually,infact,suchas,forexample／instance,andsoon,accordingto,afterall,even,indeed,itistime,ofcourse,specifically,truly,namely,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,totellyouthetruth,anillustrationof,tobespecific,toillustrate表示強調(diào)Indeed,infact,surely,certainly,truly,especially,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,obviously,aboveall,Itis…that…表示時間順序關(guān)系now,after,afterthat,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,soon,suddenly,before,when,while,as,during,first…second…,then,intheend,afterwards,afterawhile,immediately,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,fromnowon,fromthenon,meanwhile,not…until,eventually

表示空間順序關(guān)系ontheright／left,inthemiddle／centerof／back／frontof,here,there,nextto,ononesideof…ontheothersideof,onthefoot／top／end表示結(jié)論asyouknow,asfarasIknow,onthewhole,inone’sopinion,inshort,inbrief,inaword,ingeneral

例如：Theroomwasdisgusting.Bythefarwindowwasatrashcanpiledhighwithcrumpledpapers.Inthemiddleoftheroomwasaroundsizebedwithrottingfruits.Thepathbetweenthebedandthedoorway,where1wasstanding,wasfullofdirtyclothesandoldnewspapers.(通過選擇參照物，然后巧妙運用表示空間順序的連接詞，給讀者一個清楚的空間觀念。用準(zhǔn)確的方位詞說明空間的具體位置，就仿佛給了閱卷老師一幅空間布置圖或?qū)в螆D。)

（2）使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，增強語感節(jié)奏和順暢度。平行結(jié)構(gòu)的使用是一種修辭手法，其中既有詞匯的重復(fù)，又有純粹的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的重復(fù)。重復(fù)使用相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅能使句子或段落節(jié)奏勻稱，還可以起到強調(diào)或承上啟下的作用，從而引起評卷老師的注意。

詞的重復(fù)是常用的連接手法，它可強調(diào)你所要表達的意思，也必然讓人把眼前的句子與前面的句子聯(lián)系起來，如同用一根線將整個段落貫穿成一個整體，從而增強句子的語感節(jié)奏，使句與句之間的銜接更加緊密、順暢。例如：

a.Ilovelife;Ilovenature;andIlovepeace.

b.Iamaboyof17andIamstudyingathighschoolnow.IamgoodatEnglishandIcantalkwithforeigntouristsinEnglishfreely.

上述例子使用的是詞匯的重復(fù)，下面的段落則通過使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)保證了文章的連貫與流暢。

a.IfIhavethehonortobechosenasavolunteer,besidestheabove,Iwillworkhardandcreatively,butneverbelazy.Iwillfollowthelawanddiscipline,butneverbreakthem.Iwilltaketheopportunitytomakefiendswiththeathletesandvisitors,andhelpthemmakethe2008OlympicGamesagreatsuccess.

b.Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don’targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon’tlovethem.Don’targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don’targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don’targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother’srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords.Don’targue.

(3)靈活運用代詞，避免成分冗余。除了過渡性詞語外，省略、替代和所指等技巧同樣可以連句成段，避免羅嗦和重復(fù)，以保持段落的連貫性。名詞或代詞是很重要的關(guān)系指引詞，它們不僅能指明句子內(nèi)部某些詞之問的關(guān)系，而且能溝通和建立句子和句子之間意義上的聯(lián)系，從而使段落中前后句子的意義邏輯地、有條理地聯(lián)系起來，起到承上啟下的作用。例如：

a.However,thenumberofstudentswhoenjoyreadingpopularsciencearticlesdoublesthatofthosewhopre-readingarticlesaboutlearningmethods.(句中使用代詞that代替thenumber,those代替students,既避免了重復(fù)和單調(diào)，又顯得簡潔明了，過渡自然。)

b.WhilesurfingtheInternet,IhappenedtoseeyournoticefromwhichIknewyouwereeagertohaveaChinesefriend.(句中關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語使得主從句意義連貫。)試比較：WhilesurfingtheInternet,Ihappenedtoseeyournotice.FromthenoticeIknewyouwereeagertohaveaChinesefriend.

(4)巧用同義反義詞，文章連貫中見文采。同義詞與反義詞用得好，可以避免出現(xiàn)單詞重復(fù)，避免文章內(nèi)容單調(diào)。文章在連貫的同時還能適當(dāng)增加文采，給人耳目一新的感覺。例如：

Ilikemusic,especiallyclassicalmusic.Iamalsointerestedinphotographybecauseitallowsmetorecordthebeautifulmomentsinmylife.Infact,Ilikemeetingpeopleandenjoytalkingwiththem.Believingweallneedhelpfromeachother,Iappreciatefriend’shelpandIamwillingtohelpanyoneinneed.

（5）巧用分詞短語或獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以增強表達效果。巧妙利用分詞短語或獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)能使句子化繁為簡，把復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹唵尉?；恰?dāng)使用獨立成分可以使句子的表達形式豐富多樣，從而起到增強語言表達效果的作用。它們各有特點：分詞要堅持邏輯主語一致原則，而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)要堅持主語不一致原則；獨立成分為約定成俗的固定形式，不受邏輯主語限制。如：Judgingfrom…,Franklyspeaking(Tobefrank)等。試看下列句子：

(1)Comparedwithotherteachers,Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.(分詞短語)

(2)Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.=Ifweatherpermitswearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

試比較以下兩個例句：

(原句)Thedriverescaped;helefttheoldmanlyingontheroad.

(修正句)Thedriverescaped,leavingtheoldmanlyingontheroad.(分詞短語)

（6）使用同位語。避免重復(fù)，明晰句意。同位語的應(yīng)用不僅能避免重復(fù)，還可以使文章表述自然、流暢，起到很好的連接作用。例如：

Alsowecanbothwriteandtalktoeach0theTontheSkype,aprogramthatcancarrysoundsaswellaswords.

IamWangshan,agirlofsixteen,presentlyattendingBeijingYangguangMiddleschool.

（7）使用過渡句，自然銜接句子和段落。過渡句在句子與句子、段落與段落之間起到承上啟下的作用，使句子或段落之間的銜接自然、連貫，邏輯合理，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，故極為重要。例如：Thesummerholidayiscoming.Ourclasshavehadadiscussionaboutwhattododuringtheholiday…Someareinfavorofstayingathome…However,othersprefertogooutfortravelingsinceitcanincreasetheirknowledgeandbroadentheirhorizons.Buttheywilllosethechanceofgettingtoknowtheoutsideworld.三、文末闡釋結(jié)論，確保首尾呼應(yīng)

文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容，進一步強調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達得更加深刻，也使文章首尾呼應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，連貫自然。用于結(jié)論段的常用語有：fromthispointofview(從這個觀點來看)/inaword(總而言之)/inconclusion(綜上所述)

/Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…(因此，我們可以得知...)等。例如：

Inaword,toreadtheoriginalworkisbetterthantoseethefilmbasedonit.

Obviously,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.

綜上所述，語言的連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在句與句、段與段之間。句與句之間要前后呼應(yīng)，形成句句相連，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，讀起來一氣呵成；同樣，段與段之間也要過渡自然，不可各自獨立使文章失去整體性。語言連貫性是評價一篇文章優(yōu)劣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。缺乏連貫性，敘述順序混亂，前言不搭后語的文章會因“缺乏可讀性“而被判為較低的得分檔次。只有有效地使用語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，語篇連貫性強的文章才能得到高分檔次。1．閱讀下面的材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Nilasataloneonthebus.Heroldersister,Lexi,wasoneseatahead,actingasifthiswasthebestdayever.ButforNila,itwastheworst.Itwasthelastdayofswimminglessons.TestDay.“IfIpassmytest,IcansignupforJuniorLifeguardingoverthesummer,”NilaheardLexitellingherfriendJess.“You’rethebestswimmerintheclass,”Jesssaid.“There’sjustnowayyouwouldn’tpass.”MaybeshecouldtalktoLexiaboutthetest,whopassedLevel4severalsummersago.“Ithoughtsistersweresupposedtohelpeachotheractively,”Nilawhisperedtothewindow.Anhourlater,sheheldtheedgeofthepool,shaking.“Forthelastpartofthetest,you’llallbeswimmingthewidthofthepool,”theinstructor,Nate,toldtheclass.“Canweswimintheshallowend?”Nilaasked.“Nope,”Natesaidcheerfully.“TopassLevel4,ithastobethedeepend.”Nilawasnervous.Shedidn’tknowifshecouldswimallthewayacrosswithouttouchingthebottom.“I’llbewatchingfromtheotherside,”Natesaid.“Ready?”No!Nilathought.ButNateputthewhistletohislipsandblew.Nilatookadeepbreathandpushedoff.Leximovedupanddown,feelinglight.ShecompletedsmoothlyandpassedLevel7!Akidfromherclassbumpedintoher,butshejustsmiledathim.Shelikedeveryonerightnow.Nila,too–eventhoughshe’dbeensuchapestearlier.Wherewasshe,anyway?Afteraminute,Lexispottedhersistercrossingthepool.Nilawaswaybehindtheothers.AsNilanearedthemiddleofthepool,shestopped.“Keepgoing,”Lexicalled.“Youcandoit!”WhenNilafoundoutherposition,herheartsank.Onlyhalfwayacross!Somekidsinherclasswerealreadyatthewall,playingandtalking.Natewasbendingovertotalktooneofthekids.Hedidn’tseeher.Betterkeepgoing,shethought.Butshewastired.Lexikepthereyesonhersister’sslowprogress.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1:AsLexiwatched,Nila’sheaddippedbrieflyunderwaterbeforeitresurfaced.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Justthen,Nilafeltsomeone’sarmsgrabbingherfrombehind.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。WhenIwasaboutsixyearsold,myfamilyandIwenttoDisneylandoneweekendandhadawonderfuldayfullofexcitement.LittledidIknowthattherealexcitementwasn’ttobeginuntilthatnight.Whilewewatchedthefireworks,Ibegantogetanurgetogototherestroom,butIdidn’twanttomisstheshow.IoverheardmysisterIsabeltalkingtomymom,andIgotclosertothemtohearwhattheyweretalkingabout.“Mom,I’mgoingtothebathroomwithLizette,okay?”saidIsabel.“Okay,”mymomreplied,“butstaytogether.Idon’twantanyofyougettinglost.”ThesecondIsawmysistersleaving,Ididn’tthinktwicebeforerunningafterthem—withouttellingmyparents.AsIfollowedthemthroughthehugecrowdofpeople,Istartedtolosesightofthem.IbegantopanicasIscannedthecrowdforthem.Crazythoughtsranthroughmyheadlike“WhatifIneverseemyfamilyagain?”Igaveuptryingtofindmysistersandtriedtogetbacktomyfamily,butIwascompletelymixedup.Aftersearchingforwhatseemedlikeforever,Icouldn’tholdbackmytears,andIstartedcryinglikeIhadnevercriedbefore.“Mommy!”Icriedout.Buteveryonearoundmewastoocaughtupbythefireworkstopayanyattentiontome.ItriedtostopthescarythoughtsthatweregoingthroughmyheadandstartedrunningasfastasIcould...anywhere...everywhere.Iwasgoingcrazy.I’monlysix,andI’vegottenlost.“WhathaveIdone?HowcouldIhavebeensodumbtorunoffwithouttellinganyone?”Ithought.Withmyfacewetfromtears,Ikeptrunning,pullingatpeople’spantsandcrying,“Mommy!”Iwashoping,wishing,thatoneoftheseadultswouldbeoneofmyparents.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Luckily,Ifeltapatonmyshoulderandagentlevoicecame,“Areyoulost?”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Finally,throughthecrowdofpeople,Irecognizedaface.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Andyrodeslowlyonhiswaytoschool,daydreamingaboutthefishingtripthathisfatherhadpromisedhim.Hewassobusydreamingaboutallthefishhewouldcatchthathewasunawareofeverythingelsearoundhim.Herodealonguntilastrangesounddrewhimtothepresent.Hecametoastopandlookedcuriouslyuptothesky.Whathesawshockedandterrifiedhim.Ahugeswarm(一大群)ofbeesfilledtheskylikeablackcloudandtheyseemedtobeheadingangrilytowardshim.Withnotimetowaste,Andyspedoffintheoppositedirection,ridingwithgreatspeedbutwithoutknowinghowtoescapetheswarm.Witharapidlybeatingheart,hespeddowntheroughroad.Asthebeescamecloser,hispanicincreased.Andyknewthathewassensitivetobeestings(蜇).Thelaststinghadlandedhiminhospitalandthatwasonlyonebeesting!Hehadbeenforcedtolieinbedfortwowholedays.Suddenly,hisfather’swordscametohim.“Whenyouareinatightsituation,don’tpanic.Useyourbrainandthinkyourwayoutofit.”O(jiān)nanearbyhill,hecouldseesmokewavingslowlyskywardsfromthechimneyoftheNelson’shome.“Beesdon’tlikesmoke,”hethought.“Theycouldn’tgetintothehouse.”AndyracedtowardstheNelson’shouse,butthebeesweregainingground.Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.Heestimatedthatthebeeswouldcatchupwithhimsoon.Buthetriedhisbesttokeepcalmsothathecouldcomeupwithanideatoescapefromthedangeroussituation.Suddenly,outofthecornerofhiseyes,hespottedasmalldamwhichwasoftenusedbyMr.Nelsontoirrigatehisvegetablegarden.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Withouthesitation,Andyjumpedoffhisbikeanddivedintothecoolwater.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Innotime,hismotherappearedinfrontofhim.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Onenight,Rydersawhismothercryingandlearnedshecouldnolongeraffordherlastchemotherapy(化療)treatment.Hebrokehispiggybankandofferedherallhissavings.AlthoughittouchedAnnie’sheart,shetoldhimitwasn’tenough.Ryderwassodisappointedandhurriedtothewashroomtocryalone.Ithurthimterriblytoseehismother,whohadlonghair,andwasnowbald(禿頭的).Inanattempttoemotionallysupporther,Ryderbroughtanelectricshaverandshavedhishead.“OhmyGod,Ryder!”Anniecriedafterseeinghim.Shewasmovedbywhathersonhaddonebysacrificinghishair.“Mom,Iamwithyouinthis.Andyouarenotalone,”Rydercriedalong,knowinglittlehewouldbelaughedatbyhisbestfriendsthenextday.Aschoolfairhadbeenorganizedontheplayground,andmanypeople,includingparents,weregatheringaroundthestalls(攤位).“Hey,look,someoneinourclasshaslostallhishair!”Ryder’sfriendslaughedwhenhearrived.“Igottocarryon,”saidRyder,shylycoveringhisheadinahat.Hewascarryingtwobagsstuffedwithsomeofhisfavoritetoys,books,andrecycledcraftitemsheintendedtosellatthefair.Astimepassed,thingswerequicklygettingsoldinalltheotherstallsexceptRyder’s.Hedidnotfindtimetoputupafancydisplayorbanner(橫幅)toattractbuyers.Buthewasdeterminedtomakeasaleforhismother.Sohetookoutapenandagiantpieceofpaperanddecidedtocreateasignthatread:HelpMyMomFightCancer.“Pleasehelpme.Ishavedmyheadtosupportmymother.Butallaremakingfunofmewithoutunderstandingme.AndIhavetoselltheseitemsandhelpherwithsomemoney.Pleasedon’tletmedown,”heshouted.Thefairwasabouttoend,andfortunatelyRyderhadmanagedtosuccessfullysellmostofhisitems.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Hewasabouttoleavewhenhisthreefriendssurroundedhim.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Ryder,pleasetakethisaswell,”heheardaparentcallinghim.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Someyearsago,ashipheadedforChina.Allthepassengersboardedtheship,includinganofficer,hiswife,theironlychild—alittleboyfiveyearsold,andalargeNewfoundlanddogcalledBobby.EverybodyintheshiplikedBobby,hewassogood-temperedandplayful,buttheboywasthedog’sconstantplaymate.Hewasahappylittleguy,andthetwoaresofondofeachother.Oneeveningwhilethelittleboyandthedogwereplayingtogether,theshipshooksuddenly,andsplash(撲通一聲)wentthechildintothesea!Acrywasraised,“Ahandover!Ahandover!”andthebravedogjumpedoverthesideoftheship,andswamtowardstheboy.Thelittleboy’sfather,halfcrazy,jumpedwithothersintoasmallboat;butitwastoodarktoseefarbeforethem.Allgavethechildupforlost.Atlasttheyheardasplashontheleftsideoftheship.“Pullon,quick!”criedthefather.Theboatwasturned,themenpulledwithalltheirstrength,andinamomentbraveBobbywasalongside,holdingupthechildinhismouth!Joy!Joy!Joy!Theboatwasrowedbacktotheship;thehalf-drowned(差點淹死的)boysoongotbetter;theparentsweredelighted;andbraveBobbywascaressed(撫摸)byall.AttheCape-of-Good-Hope,thepassengersweretobelanded.Theofficergoingtotheboat,withhiswifeandchild;buthetoldthesailorstoholdtheNewfoundlanddogtightbythecollartilltheboatwassomedistancefromtheship.“Youwillthensee,”saidhe,“whatastrongswimmerheis.”BraveBobbypulledagainandagaintogetloose,butallfailed;fortheyheldhimtilltheboatwasneartheshore.Butassoonastheofficergavethesignal,thedogwassetfree,andawayhewentintotheseatochaseafter(追趕)hismasters.Suddenlythepooranimalsetupashrillhowl,andthrewhimselfoutofthewater.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justatthatmomenttheshark,whichhadgotveryclosetothedog,turnedonhisbackandopenedhisfrighteningmouth!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．【參考范文】AsLexiwatched,Nila’sheaddippedbrieflyunderwaterbeforeitresurfaced.Uh-oh,thoughtLexi.Hersisterwasintrouble,andshehadtohelp.ShekickedthebottomandstartedswimmingtowardNila.Nilaswallowedamouthfulofwaterandcoughed.Panicky,shefeltasifshehadbeenswimmingforhours.Ifonlysomeonewouldseeshewastootiredtokeepgoing.NotseeingLexicomingtoher,shescannedtheedgefortheinstructor.Thistime,Natesawher.Hiseyesnarrowed,andhejumpedintohelpher.Justthen,Nilafeltsomeone’sarmsgrabbingherfrombehind.“Lieback,”hersister’svoicesaid.“I’vegotyou.”Muchtohersurprise,itwasatthecriticalmomentthatLexicametoheraid!Theygotoutofwaterquickly.“Howareyoufeeling?”Lexiasked.“OK.That’salittlescary.”“Don’tworry,”Lexisaid,“Nexttimewegoswimming,Icouldkeepyoucompany.Withmorepractice,youcansurelypassLevel4.”Hearingthis,Nilasmiledbroadly,acurrentofwarmthfloodingoverher,saying“Youwillbeagoodlifeguardsomedaybecauseyou’realreadyagoodsister.”【寫作解析】本文是篇記敘文。Nila和姐姐Lexi一起去參加游泳考試，Nila考四級，Lexi考七級，Lexi如果順利過關(guān)就可以報名參加初級救生員。Lexi順利通過了考試，而Nila雖然竭盡全力，卻仍然落后其他人，并逐漸體力不支，面臨危險。姐姐Lexi發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個情況，立即下水游向她，最終帶她游出泳池。Lexi承諾下次會陪著妹妹一起完成四級考試，Nila也認(rèn)為Lexi既是她的好姐姐，也一定會是一名優(yōu)秀的救生員。1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“當(dāng)Lexi觀看時，Nila的頭只簡單地浸入水面一下就重新浮了出來?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫Nila體力不支、有危險，Lexi發(fā)現(xiàn)后下水救她。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“就在那時，Nila感到有人用胳膊從后面抓住了她?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫Lexi是如何把Nila救出水面的，及獲救后彼此的感受。2.續(xù)寫線索：發(fā)現(xiàn)危險——下水救人——Nila在水中掙扎——救出水面——彼此的感受——承諾2.詞匯激活情緒類①恐慌的：panicky→scared②極其重要的：critical→crucial/vital行動類③幫助：help→aid④陪伴某人：keepsbcompany→accompanysb⑤迅速地：quickly→rapidly【典型句式】[高分句型1]Panicky,shefeltasifshehadbeenswimmingforhours.（運用了以asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句，并運用了虛擬語氣）[高分句型2]Muchtohersurprise,itwasatthecriticalmomentthatLexicametoheraid!（運用了強調(diào)句）[高分句型3]Ifonlysomeonewouldseeshewastootiredtokeepgoing.（運用了以ifonly引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，及省略連詞that的賓語從句）2．【參考范文】Luckily,Ifeltapatonmyshoulderandagentlevoicecame,“Areyoulost”?“Yeeesss!”Icried.ItwasaladyworkingatDisney.Shepickedmeupandcarriedmethroughthecrowdasshekeptaskingmewheremyparentshadbeenstanding.AsIbegantofeelsafeinthelady’sarms,Icalmeddownandthoughtfor