八年級生物下冊第七單元第三章第一節(jié)地球上生命的起源課件(新版)新人教版1

1精選版課件ppt1精選版課件ppt2精選版課件ppt2精選版課件pptTask1Whatisstress？Aphysical,chemicaloremotionalfactorthatcausesbodilyormentaltensionandmaybeafactorindiseasecausation（原因，因果關(guān)系）3精選版課件pptTask1Whatisstress？Aphysic1)testAcompetition2)emotionalBdeadline3)homeworkCworkload(工作量)4)peer(同伴)Danxiety5)heavyEdisorder(紊亂)Task2Answerthequestionsbymatchingthefollowingitems.1Whatmaybringyoustressoncampus?4精選版課件ppt1)test

Whataresomeofthecommonunpleasantstressesinourlives?IllnessUnemploymentConflictIncreasingdemandsCrimeDeathInformationoverloadTask35WhataresomeofthecoWhataresomeofthecommonpleasantstressesinourlives?RetirementVacationNewbabyMovingNewjobNewphaseoflifeChildrenleavinghomeFamilyvisits6Whataresomeofthecommonpl1)getAfriends2)chatwithBacomedymovie3)listentoCsoftmusic4)takeDagoodsleep5)watchEadeepbreathTask42Whatarethemeansbywhichpeoplerelaxthemselves?7精選版課件ppt1)get

Task5What‘sthefunctionofstress?8精選版課件ppt

Task5What‘sthefunctionofTask6Matchthefollowingpictureswiththesymptomsoftoomuchstress.1fatigue(疲勞)2sadness3headache4anger5sleeplessness6depression(沮喪)ABCAFDECBDEF9精選版課件pptTask6MatchthefollowingpictTask7Pressureofexamsiscommonamongstudents.Thefollowingisalistofstrategiesstudentscanusetoeasepressureundersuchsituations.Conductasurveyamongyourclassmatesandfindoutthethreemostfrequentlyusedstrategies.AburnthemidnightoilBaskforshortcutsfromseniorschoolmatesCborrownotesfromtopclassmatesDfindtestpapersofpreviousyearsEkeepintouchwiththeteacherforinstructionsFputoffotherassignmentssoastosavetimefortheexamGskipotherclassessoastosavetimeforpreparationsHgiveitupAccordingtoyoursurvey,thethreemostfrequentlyusedstrategiesare:_____,_____,_____.10精選版課件pptTask7PressureofexamsiscomStressisanaturalpartoflife.Weallexperiencestressoverissuesrelatingtoourlives.Wewouldn’tbehumanifwedidn’t.Wemayfeelpressuredtohuntagoodjobforthefuture.Wemightfindtheexperimentistoodifficultorfeeltimeislimitedforthecomingtest.Stress11精選版課件pptStressisanaturalpartofliSomestressisnecessarytoprovidetheincentivetogetthingsdone,butexcessivestresscanbeharmfultoourhealthandourstudyabilities.

12精選版課件pptSomestressisnecessarytoprIfwedealwithstresspoorly,wemaypaythepriceinillhealth,accidents,inabilitytoconcentrateonourstudy--andunhappiness.13精選版課件pptIfwedealwithstresspoorly,Weshouldfindwaystohandlethestressinourdailylife.14精選版課件pptWeshouldfindwaystohandleIfwearereallytired

ofthedailystress

whichwehavetogothrough…15精選版課件pptIfwearereallytired

ofthe

TheJoyofStressChicagoTribute16精選版課件ppt

TheJoyofStress16精選版課件pptReadingItTheJoyofStressChicagoTribute1Removingstressfromourlifeissomethingofanationaldream.Peopleworrythattoomuchtension—atwork,athome,intraffic,inlineatthegrocerystore,anywhere—isslowlyharmingtheirinsides.Whocanblamethem?Doctorsgivewarningsaboutthedangersofstress.Mostly,thatonlycreates—whatelse?—morestress.2Allofthisleadstosomedubiousconclusionsaboutthebestwaytolivealongandhappylife.AtNewTrierHighSchool,northofChicago,forinstance,officialsareconsideringanewpolicythatwouldforceoverachievingstudentstotakealunchbreakandsomefreetimeduringtheday.Thetheoryseemstobethatitisbettertoeaseoffabitduringtheday,ratherthanfilleveryminutewithclassesoractivities.BettertoforgetaboutgoingtoHarvard,thantogetstressedoverit.*Wordsstress

n.持續(xù)的壓力；緊張；憂慮tension

n.（精神上的）緊張；緊張（局勢）；拉（繃）緊*insidesn.（人的）腸胃；內(nèi)臟blame

v.指責；責怪n.（過錯、事故等的）責任；指責dubious

a.懷疑的；無把握的；靠不住的*overachievinga.過于努力的；過于進取的2所有這一切都導致一些可疑的結(jié)論，都是關(guān)于如何長壽已經(jīng)如何活得幸福的好辦法。例如，在芝加哥北部的NewTrier高級中學，官方正考慮一項新舉措，即讓表現(xiàn)突出的學生中午休息片刻并在一天中享受閑暇時間。這一想法的理論似乎是一天中最好能緩口氣，而不是排滿各項課程和活動。最好暫時忘卻為考取哈佛該做的努力，松口氣，減減壓。1為我們的生活減壓幾乎是個民族夢想。人們擔心過度緊張—來自工作的，來自家庭的，來自交通擁堵的，來自雜貨店里排隊等候的，來自任何地方的—正緩慢傷害他們的健康。誰能責怪他們呢？醫(yī)生們對壓力帶來的危險作出了警告。而這樣的警告僅僅帶來—還能有什么？—更多的壓力。Betteracquaintance17精選版課件pptReadingItTheJoyofStress13Backinthedaysbeforestresswasseenasaplague,itwasknownbyothernames:work,ambition,tryinghardtodoone’sbest.ThoseearlierAmericansknewsomethingthatmanytodayhaveforgotten:Stressisagift.Whatdrivesyououtofbedinthemorning,ifnotstress?Whatforcesyoutocreate,toachieve—orjustmowthelawn?4Humansarebornintostressandprogrammedtodealwithiteveryday.Thebodyneedsstress,longsforit,andcan’tfunctionwithoutit.Ifstressweresobad,whydidtheUniverseseefittocreatehunger,thirstandotherbodilyfunctionsthatrequireapersontomove?Forthatmatter,whywereiPhonescreated,ifnottoprovidesomethingforwhichtoworkhard?5Americansinventedworkaholism,thehighestlevelofstress.ProbablyanAmericancoinedtheterm“overachiever”,awordthatshouldbeforbidden,becauseitregardsthosewhoworkextrahardassmall-souledmonsterswhoaren’tsmartenoughtoworkslower.plaguen.瘟疫；鼠疫；災難ambition

n.抱負；雄心；野心mow

v.割（草）lawn

n.草坪；草地program

v.使??按某種方式行事（思考）；設(shè)置function

v.工作；運行；起作用n.功能；作用；職能*workaholismn.醉心工作；迷戀工作coin

v.創(chuàng)造（新詞）overachiever

n.成就超常者forbid

v.不許；禁止monster

n.怪物5美國人發(fā)明了工作狂現(xiàn)象，這可以說是壓力的最高水平。多半也是一名美國人杜撰了“過度進取者”這樣的說法—一個應(yīng)該被禁用的詞匯，因為這個詞匯將那些十分努力工作的人看作心胸狹隘的魔鬼，他們沒法以聰明的方式放慢工作節(jié)奏。4人類的壓力與生俱來，并且人類天生就得每天處理壓力。我們的身體需要壓力，渴望壓力，沒有壓力，一切無法運轉(zhuǎn)。如果壓力如此糟糕，那為何會有饑渴感，以及其他身體機能，這都要求一個人主動作為。如此說來，若不是為了提供努力工作的動力，為什么會創(chuàng)造出蘋果手機和等離子電視？3在壓力成為一種流行病之前，它往往被代稱為：工作。野心。全力以赴。過去的美國人都深知一點：壓力是一種饋贈，如今的人們都已經(jīng)忘記了。如果沒有壓力，是什么驅(qū)使我們早晨起床？又是什么促使我們?nèi)?chuàng)造，去成就—哪怕只是修剪草坪呢？18精選版課件ppt3Backinthedaysbefore6Dr.MichaelDeBakey,oneofthepioneersofheartsurgery,wasfamousforthebetterpartof50years.HisfacewasonTimemagazine’scoverin1965.Hedisagreedwiththeideaoftheilleffectsofstress.“Manwasmadetowork,andworkhard.Idon’tthinkiteverhurtanyone,”hesaid.7Althoughheadmittedthatstresscanbedamaging,DeBakeystillsaidthesecrettohislonglifewasn’tvitamins,medicationsorexercise.Itwaswork.Sohekeptafullschedule.“Whatwecallstressissometimesstimulatingandcanbringoutthebestfeaturesinournature,”heoncetoldTheWallStreetJournal.8Arecentpollreportedthatclosetotwo-thirdsofAmericanswhohavenotyetretiredsaythattheyplantoworkforpayafterretiring,whichmeansthey’renotretiring.Thereasonmostlyhasnothingtodowithmoney—theysimplywanttostaybusy.pioneer

n.先驅(qū)；創(chuàng)始人；開拓者；開發(fā)者surgery

n.外科手術(shù)damaging

a.有害的；損壞的vitamin

n.維生素*medicationn.藥物；藥劑stimulating

a.刺激的；令人興奮的journal

n.期刊；雜志poll

n.民意測驗retirev.退休；退役6Dr.MichaelDeBakey，心臟外科醫(yī)生的先驅(qū)之一，近五十年盛名不衰。他的形象登上了1965年的《時代周刊》。他完全不同意壓力帶來負面效應(yīng)的說法?！叭松鷣砭褪枪ぷ鞯?，并且要努力工作。我認為工作不會傷害任何人?！彼f。8最近的一次民意調(diào)查報道，近三分之二的未退休的美國人打算退休后繼續(xù)工作掙錢。也就是說，他們不會退休。主要的原因與金錢無關(guān)—他們只是希望繼續(xù)忙碌。7雖然他也承認壓力會帶來傷害，但DeBakey還是認為他長壽的秘密并不是維生素、藥物或者鍛煉。而是工作。他的日程一直排得很滿。“我們所說的壓力具有激勵作用，可以激發(fā)我們天性中最好的特質(zhì)”，最近他接受《華爾街日報》采訪時如是說。19精選版課件ppt6Dr.MichaelDeBakey,one9Sure,stresscankillyou.Therearenodoubtbadthings—divorce,adeathinthefamily,jobloss—thatcauseextremestress.Somescientistssaythathowyouthinkaboutastressfuleventislikelytoaffectyourimmunesystem.Thebestway,ifpossible,istoturnstressintoahelper.Acceptit;masterit.10Researchsuggeststhatsomestressindailylifecanbegoodforus,dependingonhowlongitlasts.Generally,shorterperiodsofstressarebetter.Somestudiesshowthatthebody’simmuneresponsebecamestrongerinpeoplewhowereaskedtospeakinpublicortodomentalmathsinalab.Theyweremoreabletofighttheearlystagesofinfectionandhealwounds.11Mostpeopleareeagerforvacationsorweekends,whenstresslevelsoftendrop.Butthat’sthepoint?Withoutstress,howcanweenjoytheabsenceofit?Withoutthedeadline,thetest,whatever,there’snoreliefwhenit’sover.*stressfula.緊張的；充滿壓力的immune

a.免疫的；有免疫力的helper

n.幫手；助手mental

a.智力的；心理的infectionn.感染；傳染；傳染病heal

v.愈合；痊愈；恢復健康absencen.缺乏；缺席deadline

n.截止時間；最后期限r(nóng)elief

n.輕松；寬慰；緩解11大部分人都渴望假期或者周末，這些時候壓力水平往往降低。但這就是關(guān)鍵所在：沒有壓力的存在，你怎么能體會到享受沒有壓力的時光？沒有最后期限，測試也好，隨便什么—就沒有事情結(jié)束后的輕松。10研究表明生活中有些壓力是有利的，取決于壓力延續(xù)的時間以及你認為它何時結(jié)束。一般說來，短期壓力更為有利。有研究證明那些經(jīng)歷過被要求在公眾場合發(fā)言或者在實驗室做智力數(shù)學題的人，他們的免疫反應(yīng)更強，隨時做好與早期感染作斗爭的準備，并有助于傷口愈合。9當然，壓力能殺人。無疑，那些糟糕的事情—離婚，親人去世，失業(yè)—都會引起壓力。一些科學家認為你看待壓力事件的方式可能對你的免疫系統(tǒng)有影響。如果可能的話，最好的辦法就是將壓力變成幫手。接受它，掌控它。20精選版課件ppt9Sure,stresscankillyoUnderstandingItTask1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1HowdidearlierAmericanslookatstress?2Whatpositivefunctionsdoesstresshaveinourdailylife?

Stressisagift.Weareforcedbystresstocreateandachieveandourbodycan’tfunctionwithoutstress.21精選版課件pptUnderstandingItTask1ReaUnderstandingItTask1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1HowdidearlierAmericanslookatstress?2Whatpositivefunctionsdoesstresshaveinourdailylife?3WhydomanyAmericansplantoworkafterretiring?4Inwhatwaycanwetakeadvantageofstress?5Howdoyoulookatstressafterlearningthetext?

Stressisagift.

Weareforcedbystresstocreateandachieveandourbodycan’tfunctionwithoutstress.

Theysimplywanttostaybusy.

Toturnstressintoahelper.(Open)22精選版課件pptUnderstandingItTask1ReaTask2Readthetextagainandcorrectthefollowingstatements.1Doctors’warningsaboutthedangersofstresshelppeopledealwiththeirpressure.2Theoverachieversdonotneedabreakastheyaremorecapable.3Humansshouldnotliveunderanystress.4MostAmericansplantostayathome,enjoyingtheirleisuretimeafterretirement.5Itisimpossibleforhumanbeingstobenefitfromstress.1Doctors’warningsaboutthedangersofstressonlycreatemorestress.2Theoverachieverswouldbeforcedtotakealunchperiodandfreetimeduringtheday.3Humansarebornintostressandprogrammedtodealwithiteveryday.4MostAmericansplantoworkforpayafterretiring.5Someofthestressofdailylifecanbegoodforyou.23精選版課件pptTask2ReadthetextagainaTask3Readthetextcarefullyandexplainthefollowingsentencesinyourownwords.1Removingstressfromourlifeissomethingofanationaldream.2Allofthisleadstosomedubiousconclusionsaboutthebestwaytolivealongandhappylife.3Thetheoryseemstobethatitisbettertoeaseoffabitduringtheday,ratherthanfilleveryminutewithclassesoractivities.4“Whatwecallstressissometimesstimulatingandcanbringoutthebestfeaturesinournature,”heoncetoldTheWallStreetJournal.5Somescientistssaythathowyouthinkaboutastressfuleventislikelytoaffectyourimmunesystem.1Itisadreamofthewholecountrythatstressisgoingtobeeliminatedfromlife.2Alloftheabovecommentsonstressbringaboutdoubtfulsuggestionsregardinghowtolivelongerandmorehappily.3Thetheorycouldbeunderstoodthatduringthedaytimestudentshadbetterrelaxthemselvesfromtimetotimeinsteadofgettingthemselvesbusywithclassesoractivitiesalldaylong.4“Theso-calledstressmightbemotivatingsometimesandmayhelpuspresentthebestqualitiesinournature,”heoncetoldTheWallStreetJournal.5Somescientistsbelievethatitisquitepossiblethatthewayyoulookatastressfuleventmayhaveeffectonyourimmunesystem.24精選版課件pptTask3ReadthetextcarefuLanguagePointstosayorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisresponsibleforsomethingbad責怪，指責；把…歸咎于e.g.Iblamedhismotherforhercarelessness.probablynothonest,true,rightetc.可疑的，靠不住的e.g.Theassumptionthatgrowthinonecountrybenefitsthewholeworldishighlydubious.blamedubiousWordstowantsomethingverymuchespeciallywhenitseemsunlikelytohappensoon[尤指對看似不可能很快發(fā)生的事]渴望，盼望e.g.Helongedtoseeheragain.excitingorfullofnewideas令人興奮的；饒有趣味的；充滿新思想的e.g.Thisisastimulatingdiscussionaboutworldpolitics.longstimulating25精選版課件pptLanguagetosayorthinkthatsLanguagePointsWordsafeelingofcomfortwhensomethingfrightening,worrying,orpainfulhasendedorhasnothappened[常用作單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞]（因恐懼、憂慮或痛苦的消除而感到的）寬慰，寬心，輕松e.g.Aftertheexam,Ifeltanincrediblesenseofrelief.relieve:v.toreducesomeone’spainorunpleasantfeelings減輕，緩解（疼痛或不快的感覺）e.g.Drugshelptorelievethepain.reliefpoll(=opinionpoll,survey)theprocessoffindingoutwhatpeoplethinkaboutsomethingbyaskingmanypeoplethesamequestion,ortherecordoftheresult民意調(diào)查，民意測驗；民意調(diào)查的結(jié)果e.g.Thefinalresultofthepollwillbeknowntomorrow.e.g.Pollsindicatethateducationisthetopissuewithvoters.26精選版課件pptLanguageWordsafeelingofcomfLanguagePointstomakesomethingeasiertosee,taste,noticeetc.使顯現(xiàn)，使表現(xiàn)出e.g.Fatherhoodseemstohavebroughtoutthecaringsideofhim.bringoutPhrases&Expressions一群e.g.agaggleoftourists/childrene.g.agaggleofgeeseagaggleofbeprogrammedtodosomething[人或動物因社會或生物原因]天生按某種方式行動e.g.Allbirdsofthisspeciesareprogrammedtobuildtheirnestsinthesameway.[尤指不稱心的事]減緩

(=easeup)e.g.Therainhadeasedoffabit.easeoff而且；就那事而言e.g.Bennevertouchedbeer,oranykindofalcoholforthatmatter.forthatmatter27精選版課件pptLanguagetomakesomethingeasLanguagePoints移走；搬走；去掉；清除，去除e.g.Referencebooksmaynotberemovedfromthelibrary.e.g.Thecollegeremovedrulesthatpreventedwomenfromenrolling.remove…(from…)Phrases&Expressions對……產(chǎn)生影響haveeffectonimmunesystem(身體的)免疫系統(tǒng)多少有點；頗有幾分e.g.Thenewscameassomethingofasurprise.somethingofa/an某事物的絕大部分/大部分e.g.Thejourneytookherthebetterpartofanhour.thebetterpartinsight/withinsight在視野內(nèi)，看得見；即將發(fā)生的e.g.Iglancedaroundmequickly.Therewasnooneinsight.e.g.Sixmonthsfromthestartofthestrike,thereisstillnoendinsight.28精選版課件pptLanguage移走；搬走；去掉；清除，去除remoBackgroundinformationTime《時代周刊》，美國著名新聞周刊，由時代華納公司在紐約出版。該雜志采用敘述體報道新聞，題材涉及全世界，對國際問題和重大國際事件進行全程跟蹤式深度報道，因而也有世界“史庫”之稱，被譽為當代最具影響力的新聞刊物。自1927年起，該刊推出《年度風云人物》(PersonoftheYear)評選，曾有多位中國名人入選，成為該期刊的封面人物。29精選版課件pptBackgroundinformationTimeBackgroundinformation

華爾街，為英文“墻街”的音譯，位于紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)南部，從百老匯路延伸到東河。華爾街以“美國金融中心”的地位聞名于世，著名的紐約證券交易所、美國摩根財閥、洛克菲勒石油大王和杜邦財團等開設(shè)的銀行、保險、航運、鐵路等公司的經(jīng)理處均聚集于此。如今，“華爾街”一詞已經(jīng)遠遠超越這條街道本身，常被當作“壟斷資本”的代名詞，也被視為世界金融、證券交易的中心。WallStreet30精選版課件pptBackgroundinformation華爾街，Backgroundinformation《華爾街日報》創(chuàng)刊于1889年，著重于財經(jīng)新聞的報道，其內(nèi)容足以影響每天的國際經(jīng)濟活動，是美國發(fā)行量最大的報紙之一?！度A爾街日報》的讀者主要為政治、經(jīng)濟、教育和醫(yī)學界的重要人士，金融大亨和經(jīng)營管理人員以及股票市場的投資者。美國500家最大企業(yè)的經(jīng)理人員絕大部分訂閱此報。TheWallStreetJournal31精選版課件pptBackgroundinformation《華爾街BackgroundinformationChicago芝加哥位于美國中西部，屬伊利諾伊州，東臨密歇根湖，是美國第三大城市，僅次于紐約市和洛杉磯，地處北美大陸的中心地帶，為美國最重要的鐵路、航空樞紐，也是美國主要的金融、文化、制造業(yè)、期貨和商品交易中心之一，曾被評為美國發(fā)展最均衡的經(jīng)濟體。芝加哥常見的別名包括：“第二城”，“風城”，“芝城”等。32精選版課件pptBackgroundinformationChicagoBackgroundinformationHarvardUniversity哈佛大學是一所位于美國馬薩諸塞州的私立研究型大學，為常春藤盟校成員之一，于1636年由馬薩諸塞州殖民地立法機關(guān)立案成立，1639年為感謝一名牧師約翰·哈佛的捐贈，該機構(gòu)將學校命名為哈佛學院，1780年更名為哈佛大學。哈佛因其歷史、學術(shù)地位、聲譽、財富和影響力等因素，而被評為世界范圍內(nèi)最杰出、最負盛名的學府之一，也被譽為美國政府的思想庫。33精選版課件pptBackgroundinformationHarvardBackgroundinformationiPhoneiPhone是蘋果公司旗下的一個結(jié)合了照相、個人數(shù)碼助理、媒體播放器以及無線通信設(shè)備的智能手機系列，目前是全球銷量第二大的智能手機。此系列的手機搭載蘋果公司研發(fā)的iOS手機操作系統(tǒng)。2007年1月9日,時任蘋果公司CEO的史蒂夫·喬布斯(SteveJobs)發(fā)布了第一代iPhone，并在6月29日正式發(fā)售。最新一代的iPhone5c和iPhone5s于2013年9月13日發(fā)布，并于同年9月22日正式發(fā)售。34精選版課件pptBackgroundinformationiPhoneBackgroundinformationplasmatelevision等離子電視全稱是PlasmaDisplayPanel，它是在兩張超薄的玻璃板之間注入混合氣體，并施加電壓利用熒光粉發(fā)光成像的設(shè)備。等離子彩電具有圖像無閃爍、厚度薄、重量輕、色彩鮮艷、圖像逼真等特點。等離子(PDP)電視與傳統(tǒng)的CRT電視機相比，最突出特點就是“大而薄”。35精選版課件pptBackgroundinformationplasmaBackgroundinformationDr.MichaelDeBakey

MichaelEllisDeBakey是現(xiàn)代心臟外科手術(shù)治療的創(chuàng)始人，與他的導師AltonOchsner共同提出了吸煙和肺癌之間具有強烈聯(lián)系的學說。他還是最早進行冠狀動脈旁路（搭橋）手術(shù)創(chuàng)始者之一，同時又是人造心臟以及人造血管的創(chuàng)始人。據(jù)估計，他在整個職業(yè)生涯中進行了超過6萬例心臟手術(shù)。Dr.MichaelDeBakey幾乎從未停止過工作，直至去世，在他的領(lǐng)域工作了75年。36精選版課件pptBackgroundinformationDr.MiDoingItTask11Althoughtoomuchstressmaykillpeople,stressmaybequiteessentialtoourlife.Canyoufindsomeevidencefromthetext?———————————————————————————EXAMPLE:Whatdrivesyououtofbedinthemorning,ifnotstress?Forthatmatter,whywereiPhonesandplasmatelevisionscreated,ifnottoprovidesomethingforwhichtoworkhard?(L4,Para.7)37精選版課件pptDoingItTask11Althoughtoomu2“Ifnot”hasbeenemployedforseveraltimesinthetexttoemphasizethesignificanceofstress.Besides,thisstructureisalsousedtosuggestthereissomethinglargerormoreimportantthanwhatwasstatedpreviously.Trytolinkthefollowingsentenceswith“ifnot”.EXAMPLE:1Shedidnotunderstandhiswords.Butsheunderstoodhismeaning.—>Sheunderstoodhismeaning,ifnothiswords.2Heissmart.Heisnotexactlybrilliant.—>Heissmart,ifnotexactlybrilliant.——————————————————1Thearrangementsarefairlysatisfactory.Thearrangementsmaynotbeideal.________________________________________________________________________2Howcouldshehaveescapedthedanger?Ididn’thelpher.________________________________________________________________________3Theyspentthousandsofdollarstobuildthathouse.Theydidnotspendmillionsofdollarsonit.________________________________________________________________________Thearrangements,ifnotideal,arefairlysatisfactory.Shecouldnothaveescapedthedanger,ifnotformyhelp.Theyspentthousandsof,ifnotmillionsofdollars,tobuildthathouse.38精選版課件ppt2“Ifnot”hasbeenemployedfo2“Ifnot”hasbeenemployedforseveraltimesinthetexttoemphasizethesignificanceofstress.Besides,thisstructureisalsousedtosuggestthereissomethinglargerormoreimportantthanwhatwasstatedpreviously.Trytolinkthefollowingsentenceswith“ifnot”.EXAMPLE:1I’llgoifyou’regoing.Ifnot,I’dratherstayathome.2Doyouwantthecake?Ifnot,I’llhaveit.——————————————————4Hiscomputerisdefinitelybetterthanyours.Itmaynotbecheaper.________________________________________________________________________5Thissystemisverypracticalandhelpful.Itmaynotbeperfect.________________________________________________________________________TipsOtherusagesof“ifnot”1Tointroduceadifferentsuggestionfollowingasentencewithan“if”clause;2Tosaywhatwillorshouldhappeniftheansweris“no”toapreviousyes/noquestion.Hiscomputerisdefinitelybetterthanyours,ifnotcheaper.Thissystemisverypracticalandhelpful,ifnotperfect.39精選版課件ppt2“Ifnot”hasbeenemployedfo3Workingroups.Eventhoughtherearedifferentkindsofstressinyourcampuslife,manyofthemarenecessaryforyouracademicsuccess.Talkwitheachotheraboutsomeofyourmajorstressinyourstudyatpresent.Givesuggestionstoeachotheronhowtoturnthestressintosomethingpositiveorevenhelpful.Trytousethe“ifnot”structureinyoursuggestions.EXAMPLE:HowcouldIhaveanyideaaboutsuchaproblemwithmyEnglishvocabulary,ifnotthevocabularycontest?——————————————————What’syourstressabout?40精選版課件ppt3Workingroups.EventhoughtTask21Thewriterusessomespecificexamplesandafewpiecesofevidencetojustifythepositivefunctionsofstress.Canyoufindthreeofthemfromthetext?Dr.DeBakeysaysthesecrettohislonglifeiswork.Arecentpollreportedthatclosetotwo-thirdsofAmericanswhohavenotyetretiredsaythattheyplantoworkforpayafterretiring.Somestudiesshowthatthosewhowereaskedtospeakinpublicordomentalmathinalabtheirbody'simmuneresponsebecamestronger,readytofighttheearlystagesofinfectionandhealwounds.———————————————————————————41精選版課件pptTask21Thewriterusessomesp2Offeringappropriateexamplesandevidencemayhelpbetterpresentone’spoint.Thismethodofwritingiscalledexemplification.Theremightbesomesignalwordsindicatingthewriterisgoingtogiveexamplesorevidence.Whatothersignalwordscanyoucomeupwithexceptthegiventips?TipsForexample…Forinstance…Acaseinpointis…Researchsuggeststhat…Arecentreportpointedoutthat…Let’sseeyourwords…42精選版課件ppt2Offeringappropriateexamples3Workinpairs.Selectastressfulincidentyouhaverecentlyexperienced.Telleachotherhowthatincidentkeepsdisturbingyou.Trytousesomespecificexamplesorevidencetosupportyourideas.Ifpossible,usesomeofthesignalwordsyou’vegotinStep2.TipsOneofmyrecentworriesis…TakemyEnglishstudyasanexample…Forexample,mytasksforthisweekinclude…WhatcouldIusetosupportmyidea?43精選版課件ppt3Workinpairs.SelectastresTask31Throughoutthetext,thewriterusesseveraltermstorefertostressorapersonloadedwithstresses.CanyoufindsomefromParagraphs1,3,and5?Paragraph1:tensionParagraph4:plague,work,ambitionParagraph8:workaholism,overachiever44精選版課件pptTask31Throughoutthetext,th2Noonecantakelimitlessamountsofstress.Theremustbeabreakingpointforanyoneoranything.Evenplanningaweddingcouldbeverystressful.Completethefollowingconversationwiththegivenphrases.———————————————————————————stressedoutmessupslowdownMarni:Jason!Look,Iknowyou’replanningawedding,butyoualsohavesomeworktodo…Jason:Work?Whatdayisit?WhereamI?Marni:Youneedto1)_________.Now,Ithinkyou’vereallyreachedthebreakingpointhere.You’re2)_____________.You’reexhausted.Jason:Ican’trest.Imustorderthank-younotes.Marni:Look,you’renotgoingtohaveanyonetothankattheweddingifyoudon’trelax.Jason:Maybeyou’reright.MaybeI’vereachedthebreakingpoint.Imean,Ididtrytoorderflowersfromachefearliertoday.Marni:Look,wecan’thavesomeonelikeyoupossibly3)_________ordersortalkinginappropriatelytoclients.Ijustneedyoutoslowdown.slowdownstressedoutmessingup45精選版課件ppt2Noonecantakelimitlessamo3Workinpairs.Selectasituationfromthefollowingandtalkwitheachotheraboutwhatyouwouldliketodoifyouareundersuchstresses.Trytousethetermsandphrasesfromtheprevioustasks.———————————————————————————1Youfailedanimportantexamination.2Youperformedverypoorlyinpubliceventhoughyouhadspentmuchtimepreparing.3Onecloserelativeofyourspassedaway.4Therearefiveexaminationstotakeandthreepaperstosubmitinaweek.5Itseemsthatyourroommatesdon’tlikeyouverymuch.46精選版課件ppt3Workinpairs.SelectasituaWritingItTask1Readthefollowingsentencesandfigureoutinwhatwaytheyarealike.1Whatdrivesyououtofbedinthemorning,ifnotstress?2Whatforcesyoutocreate,toachieve—orjustmowthelawn?3WhywereiPhonescreated,ifnottoprovidesomethingforwhichtoworkhard?4Withoutstress,howcanweenjoytheabsenceofit?5Withouthishelp,howcouldwegetthroughthedifficulty?ClickTheyareallrhetoricalquestions.47精選版課件pptWritingItTask1ReadthefolloTask2Wedonotexpectanyanswersfromrhetoricalquestions(反問句).Thesequestionsareoftenusedtomakeapointorgiveemphasis.Theuseofsomerhetoricalquestionsmayaddvarietyandcolortoyourwriting.Changethefollowingstatementsintorhetoricalquestions.Don’tyouhaveanyideaaboutwhatyouaretalkingabout?Whoelsehurtme,ifnothim?/Isn’thetheverypersonthathurtme?Withouthissenseofresponsibility,howcouldweescapethedanger?1Youhavenoideaaboutwhatyouaretalkingabout.2Thereisnootherperson.Heistheveryonewhohurtme.3Duetohissenseofresponsibilitywecouldescapethedanger.4Itishisgreateffortthatgetshimwhereheisnow.Whatelsecouldgethimwhereheisnow,ifnothisgreateffort?———————————————————————————5Sheissurelythetopstudentoftheclass.Isn’tshethetopstudentoftheclass?/Whoelseisthetopstudentoftheclass,ifnother?48精選版課件pptTask2WedonotexpectanyansTask3Mostofuscomplainaboutthegreatstressfromstudyorwork.Canyouwriteanessayofabout100wordstojustifythefunctionofstress?Trytousesomerhetoricalquestionstomakeyourpoint.Withoutthedeadline,howcanIevensimplyfinishmymathshomework?Withoutthestressofexaminations,howcouldweevaluateourstudyforthepastyear?Withoutthedemandingrequirementsfromteachers,howcouldIacquireasenseofachievementfromthecourses?Withoutthebusyscheduleofthesemester,howcouldIlearntomakeagoodplanformylife?I’msoworriedaboutthecomingEnglishfinalexamination.AlthoughIwasoneofthebestEnglishlearnersinhighschoolclass,isitgoingtobemyWaterloo?Ifso,howcouldIfacemyEnglishteacherofhighschool?HowcouldIacquireenoughconfidencetomovefurtherwithmyEnglishstudy?HowwouldmycollegeEnglishteacherlookatme?...ClickExamples49精選版課件pptTask3MostofuscomplainabouFurtherDevelopmentReadingBurntOutontheHighSchoolTreadmillCandySchulman