高中英語高考一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)8個人情況1（教師版）

高中英語高考一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)8：個人情況1【問題查找】單詞拼寫1.He__________（貢獻(xiàn)）himselfentirelytomusic.2.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeople__________（平等的）.3.Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnot__________（投票）orchoosetheirleaders.4.Itwasaprisonfromwhichnoone__________（逃跑）.5.TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremy__________（回報）afterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.6.Weshouldgivethemattercareful(考慮).7.Apostmanisamanemployedto(遞送)lettersandparcels.8.Heisalways________(謙虛的)abouthissuccess.9.The(比率)ofpopulationhasbeencontrolledinthepastfewyears.10.Awaveof(惡心)cameoverher.Keys：1.devoted;2.equal3.vote4.escaped5.reward6.consideration7.deliverModest9.rate10.sickness【要點精講】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能自主快速閱讀理解大意，能依據(jù)上下文語境猜測詞義，能正確拼讀詞匯（單詞、短語），掌握詞匯意義與用法。（1）能正確識記、領(lǐng)會以下詞匯,正確率達(dá)100%：respect,devote,reward等（2）能正確識記、領(lǐng)會以下短語,正確率達(dá)100%：turnto,loseheart,referto等（3）能正確運用以下句型結(jié)合詞匯和語法進(jìn)行句子翻譯和寫作,正確率達(dá)80%：解決學(xué)習(xí)問題：目標(biāo)對應(yīng)的活動（目標(biāo)的問題化分解）NelsonMandela納爾遜?曼德拉【語境串聯(lián)】（1）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的單詞完成篇章：Hewas（報酬）forhis（devote）and（generous）toeducation.Heisstronglyagainst（暴力）andterrorism.Inhisopinion,（攻擊）ofanykindiscruelandnot（平等的）.Everyoneshouldobeythe（合法的）principlelaw.Keys:rewarded;devotion;generosity;violence;attack;equal;legal【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）devotevt.投入；獻(xiàn)身devote...to...把……奉獻(xiàn)于devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；致力于；專心于rewardn.報酬，獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答inreward(for…)作為（對……的）報酬、報答 givearewardtosb.forsth.為……給某人報酬、賞金rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因……報答、獎賞某人 rewardsb.withsth.用……報答、獎賞某人（2）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的短語完成篇章：Thissituationhasbeeworseandworsesincethenewgovernment（當(dāng)權(quán)）.Iam（失業(yè)），butIdon’tknowwhomto（求助于）.Ithoughtofmyheadteacheroneday,whoalwaysencouragedusnotto（失去信心）andbehopefulaboutthefuturewhenweare（處于麻煩中）Keys：etopower;outofwork;turnto;loseheart;introuble【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）loseheart喪失勇氣或信心loseone’sjob失業(yè)loseone’sbalance失去平衡loseone’sbreath上氣不接下氣loseone’sheart(tosb/sth)愛上loseone’slife喪生；遇害loseface丟臉；受屈辱turnto求助于；翻到；轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向，轉(zhuǎn)到turnon打開turnoff關(guān)掉turninto變成turnup出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高turndown拒絕；調(diào)低【即學(xué)即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。1.Tomhadtotheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.A.turnin B.turndown C.turnover D.turnto2．Accordingtothenewtrafficregulations，thepunishmentofrunningayellowlightis________torunningaredone.A．opposite B．equal C．particular D．open3．EveryonewhoreachedthetopofMountTaiwas________withamagnificentview.A．a(chǎn)warded B．a(chǎn)dmired C．rewarded D．a(chǎn)ppreciatedKeys:1.B2.B解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意為：按照新的交通法規(guī)，闖黃燈與闖紅燈的處罰是一樣的。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選equal，AisequaltoB表示“A與B相同(等)”。3.C解析：考查動詞辨析。句意為：到達(dá)泰山頂部的每個人都能看到壯麗的景觀。reward獎賞；獎勵，多指對某人的工作或服務(wù)等的報答，符合語境。award因……而授予某人……，通常指正式地或官方地頒發(fā)、授予；admire欽佩；贊美；appreciate感激；欣賞。Womenofachievement有成就的女性【語境串聯(lián)】（1）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的單詞完成篇章：The（respect）（special）fromourinstitute（發(fā)表）aspeechaboutwomenof（achieve）.Whathereferredtowas（support）byalarge（人群）ofaudience.Theywereinspiredbyhisbeingmodestandoutspoken.Keys:respected;specialist;delivered;achievement;supported;crowd;【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）respectvt.&n.尊敬，尊重。respectedadj.受敬重的respectiveadj.各自的，分別的respectableadj.可敬的，值得尊敬的；體面的arespectableperson一個正派的人respectfuladj.恭敬的；有禮貌的berespectfultotheirelders對長輩有禮貌delivervt.接生(小孩)；遞送；發(fā)表(演說等)deliveryn.送貨；交付expressdelivery快遞ondelivery送達(dá)時；貨到時deliverababy接生小孩；生小孩（2）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的短語完成篇章：TheotherdayI（偶然遇到）anoldfriendofminewhenIwasgoingtothelibraryto（查閱）somebooks.Hetoldmehehadreadabook（碰巧）whosehero（瞧不起）women.Infact,manywomenhave（作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)）tooursociety.（就我而言），womencanholduphalfthesky.Therefore,weshouldshowrespectfortheminourdailylife.Keys:cameacross;referto;bychance;lookeddownupon;madegreatcontributions;AsfarasI’mconcerned;【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）eacross(偶然)遇見，碰見eup(問題、計劃等)被提出；升起；長出地面eupwith想到；提出eabout發(fā)生eout出來；出現(xiàn)；出版；(事實)暴露；結(jié)果是；(太陽、月亮或星星)出現(xiàn)referto提及，查閱，參考referencen.提及，涉及；參考，參考書forreference以備查閱【即學(xué)即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。1.IwatchedastheASLClubperformedtheirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandtheveryideaofmunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.A.disturbed B.supported C.embarrassed D.attracted2.Culturaldifferencesoccurwhereveryougo.Whenvisitinganothercountry,youshouldbeawareofthosedifferencesand___________them.A.reject B.recite C.respect D.remove3.Theparkwas,soittookussometimetofindanavailablesite.A.crowded B.dangerous C.ideal D.quietKeys:1.D【解析】考查動詞辨析。disturb打擾；support支持；embarrass使……難堪；attract吸引。分析語境可知ASL俱樂部的表演吸引了作者，否則作者也不會主動去學(xué)習(xí)手語。故選D。2.C【解析】考查動詞詞義及語境運用。語境是＂去另一個國家，要意識到這個國家的文化與本國文化之間的差異并尊重這種差異＂。A.reject排斥；B.recite背誦；C.respect尊重；D.remove去除。C項正確。3.A【解析】后面的內(nèi)容＂soittookussometimetofindanavailablesite＂表示＂我們花了一段時間找到可用的地方＂，所以A＂擁擠的＂適合。B表示＂危險的＂；C表示＂理想的＂；D表示＂安靜的＂?！静槁┭a缺】真題大練兵1.Thehomeownerwasvery__________(help).2.It’sanamazingacplishmentandonewecannotachievewithout__________(慷慨的)supportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.3.Menandwomenmustbetreated__________________（平等地）ineducationandemployment.4.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouare____________________(帶著敬意)tothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.5.(2017·江蘇改編)Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquick______________(deliver).6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase＂thewatercatcher＂inparagraph2______________(指的是)?7.Thetheater______________(觀眾)saidgoodbyeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.8.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyounger______________(代).Keys:1.helpful；2.generous;3.equally;4.withrespect5.delivery;6.referto7.audience;8.generation【梳理優(yōu)化】1、學(xué)生在“鞏固練習(xí)”階段掌握不好，就回到“精準(zhǔn)突破”，補救學(xué)習(xí)。一、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.achievementn.成就；功績→achievevt.取得；實現(xiàn)；成功→achievableadj.可達(dá)到的2.respectvt.&n.尊敬，尊重；敬意→respectfuladj.恭敬的；有禮貌的→respectableadj.值得尊重的；體面的→respectiveadj.分別的，各自的→respectedadj.受敬重的，值得尊敬的3.arguevt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭論→argumentn.爭論；爭辯；爭吵；論據(jù)，論證4.entertainmentn.款待；娛樂；娛樂表演→entertainvt.娛樂；招待，款待5.crowdn.人群，觀眾vt.擠滿；使擁擠→crowdedadj.擁擠的6.inspirevt.鼓舞；激發(fā)，啟示→inspiredadj.有靈感的；受到鼓勵的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的7.supportn.&vt.支持；擁護(hù)→supportiveadj.支持的；輔助性的8.delivervt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說等)→deliveryn.傳遞；分娩學(xué)生在“鞏固練習(xí)”階段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。掌握閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題的類型閱讀理解的題型無外乎四大題型：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題（1）直接細(xì)節(jié)題：此類題是對原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答題。（2）間接細(xì)節(jié)題：此類題往往不能直接找到答案，需要對信息進(jìn)行加工處理，簡單歸納、概括才能答題。（3）是非判斷題：此類題型有兩種形式：三對一錯或三錯一對。一般情況下此類題中出現(xiàn)all,never,only等完全肯或完全否定的詞時，及排除。（4）排列順序題：此類題一般在選項中列舉一些具體的事實，然后讓考生進(jìn)行排序，做這類型題根據(jù)事情的發(fā)生的先后順序或時間順序以及句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。（5）圖文匹配題：這類型的題比較簡單，因為它增加了試題的直觀性，此類題分兩種：一是依文選圖；二是依圖選文。（6）數(shù)字計算題：此類題會涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等計算。做這類型題，把文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字全都做上標(biāo)記，找出相關(guān)計算方式計算即可得出答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題中直接細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧：題干定位法題干定位法是做事實細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。事實細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查對某句話或某幾句話的理解，可根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案?！邦}干定位法”分為三步：第一步：先通過題干信息來選擇定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數(shù)詞，即問題的核心信息。第二步：在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，找出相關(guān)的句子。第三步：分析這些句子和選項，得出正確答案?！纠縈indthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint，goblue.1．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.A．digestfoodbetterB．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecaloriesD．regaintheirappetitesKeys：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的Ahomeenvironmentinblue對應(yīng)文章中的peoplewhoatemealsinablueroom，可知在藍(lán)色的房間內(nèi)人吃的相對較少。優(yōu)化：補充、完善初步總結(jié)的解題方法；B.解決元認(rèn)知問題；C.信息精細(xì)化加工；D.需要記憶的教給記憶訣竅等；E.圖式。A.補充、完善初步總結(jié)的解題方法。一、?？碱}型：1.完型填空;2.閱讀理解題;3.語法填空題4.書面表達(dá)二、解題技巧語法填空題中詞匯的解題技巧1.判斷空格中所需單詞的詞性；2.觀察所給單詞的詞性和所需單詞詞性是否一致；3.根據(jù)題目修改相應(yīng)的單詞形式B.信息精細(xì)化加工（歸類、分類、類比、比較、聯(lián)想、想象等）1.選取本次課學(xué)習(xí)的（至少）5個詞匯寫出一篇短文。E.圖式。1.利用近義詞、同義詞、反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換等帶出新的語言。2.利用paraphrase評價和轉(zhuǎn)換語言，利用已有認(rèn)知圖式結(jié)合情境學(xué)習(xí)新的目標(biāo)詞匯?！緩娀柟獭客晷翁羁誌haverecentlybeenreflectingonthesecretofouronlinesuccess.Thiswebsitehasnowbeenin1forovertwelveyearsandwhenmyeldestsonJeremysuggestedtheidea,Iwasn’tsurethatattheageof69,Iwouldbeableto2sufficientinterest,ormaintaintheoutputofreadablematerial3tofillthepages!NowIamdelightedtosaythatat80,myenthusiasmremainsandwiththe4fromanumberoffriendsinthestorytellingandmagicmunities,Iamnow5thenextlevel.Imustatthispointsayabig“Thankyou!”toourwebhostKenEvoyatSiteBuildit!Hehassupportedusfromtheverybeginningwith6helpandadviceandmuchofthe7foroursuccessgoestohim.Myintentionfromthestartwastoproduceamagazinestylepresentationthatwasentertaining,anduserfriendly.Thename‘TheStorytellingResourceCentre’haskeptme8andonmytoes!Outofcuriosity,we9theAlexaTrafficRatingswebsite.Wediscoveredtoouramazementand10thatwewereamongthetop1%ofwebsites11worldwide!Thiswasalmost12duetoSiteBuildIt!andtheadvicewereceivefromthem.Thoseofyouwhohavebeen13visitorsoverthelastfewyearswillhavenoticedthatwereorganisedthepageswiththewebhost’s14.Thesuccesswasimmediate!Wecontinuetoreceiveuptotheminuteadvicefromthemandwearenowoneofthemostvisitedstorytellingwebsites!Inaddition,SiteBuiltit!hostsawonderfulforumwhereeveryoneisweled.YOUROWNwebsite,thengiveyourselfarealchancetoIfyouarelookingtocreateorimprove,make15money!Youwon’tbedisappointed!1.A.danger B.existence C.dilemma D.power2.A.grow B.arouse C.keep D.catch3.A.required B.designed C.passed D.supported4.A.advertisement B.attraction C.promotion D.encouragement5.A.ingupwith B.gettingawaywith C.lookingforwardto D.holdingfastto6.A.voluntary B.valuable C.individual D.medical7.A.focus B.reason C.credit D.part8.A.disappointed B.discouraged C.amused D.motivated9.A.approached B.accessed C.received D.connected10.A.delight B.surprise C.sorrow D.anger11.A.troubled B.built C.visited D.hosted12.A.heavily B.entirely C.slightly D.seriously13.A.seasonal B.casual C.rare D.regular14.A.information B.direction C.intention D.education15.A.easy B.pocket C.serious D.businessKeys:本文講述了作者在高齡時創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站并取得成功的故事。作者不僅介紹了自己的創(chuàng)辦初衷，并且大力感謝給予幫助的人，尤其是網(wǎng)站主持人。1.B考查名詞。A.danger危險；B.existence存在；C.dilemma困境；D.power力量；句意：這個網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)存在12年多了。故選B。2.C考查動詞。A.grow生長；B.arouse引起；C.keep保持；D.catch抓??；句意：我不確定69歲還能保持足夠的興趣，故選C。3.A考查動詞。A.required要求；B.designed設(shè)計；C.passed遞給；D.supported支持；句意：或者是維持可讀材料能填滿網(wǎng)頁的要求，故選A。4.D考查名詞。A.advertisement廣告；B.attraction吸引力；C.promotion促銷；D.encouragement鼓勵；句意：現(xiàn)在我可以很高興的說，在80歲我的熱情仍在并在一些講故事和魔術(shù)團體的朋友的鼓勵下。故選D。5.C考查動詞短語。A.ingupwith提出；B.gettingawaywith攜帶某物逃跑；C.lookingforwardto盼望；D.holdingfastto緊緊抓住。句意：在80歲我的熱情仍在并在一些講故事和魔術(shù)團體的朋友的鼓勵下，我期望達(dá)到另一個臺階。故選C。6.B考查形容詞。A.voluntary自愿的；B.valuable有價值的；C.individual個人的；D.medical醫(yī)學(xué)的；句意：他一開始就帶著有價值的幫助和建議支持我們。故選B。7.C考查名詞。A.focus焦點；B.reason原因；C.credit歸功于；D.part部分；根據(jù)句意：他一開始就帶著有價值的幫助和建議支持我們，我們成功大部分歸功于他。故選C。8.D考查形容詞。A.disappointed失望；B.discouraged氣餒；C.amused愉快；D.motivated積極的；句意："講故事資源中心”這個名字讓我一直保持著積極進(jìn)取的心態(tài)！故選D。9.B考查動詞。A.approached接近；B.accessed使用；C.received收到；D.connected連接；句意：出于好奇我們使用流量等級網(wǎng)站。故選B。10.A考查名詞。A.delight高興；B.surprise驚訝；C.sorrow悲傷；D.anger憤怒；句意：使我們驚訝和高興地是我們在世界范圍內(nèi)被訪問的網(wǎng)站前百分之一內(nèi)。故選A。11.C考查動詞。A.troubled困擾；B.built建造；C.visited訪問；D.hosted主持；句意：使我們驚訝和高興地是我們在世界范圍內(nèi)被訪問的網(wǎng)站前百分之一內(nèi)。故選C。12.B考查副詞。A.heavily沉重地；B.entirely完全地；C.slightly輕微地；D.seriously嚴(yán)重地；句意：這幾乎完全歸功于SiteBuildIt!和它的建議，故選B。13.D考查形容詞。A.seasonal季節(jié)的；B.casual隨便的；C.rare稀有的；D.regular有規(guī)律的；句意：你們這些過去幾年來一直是?？偷娜藭⒁獾?，網(wǎng)頁是由網(wǎng)頁主人的指導(dǎo)組織好的。故選D。14.B考查名詞。A.information信息；B.direction指導(dǎo)；C.intention目的；D.education教育；句意：你們這些過去幾年來一直是常客的人會注意到，網(wǎng)頁是由網(wǎng)頁主人的指導(dǎo)組織好的。故選B。15.C考查形容詞。A.easy容易；B.pocket口袋；C.serious嚴(yán)肅；D.business生意；句意：如果你要創(chuàng)造、提高和掙嚴(yán)肅的錢，你將不會失望。C項符合語境?！菊n后練習(xí)】一、書面表達(dá)你校正在組織英語作文比賽。請以身邊值得尊敬和愛戴的人為題，寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：1.人物簡介；2.尊敬和愛戴的原因。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.短文題目和首句已為你寫好。ThepersonIrespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:ThepersonIrespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.Theymaybeourteachers,parentsoroneofourelders.Asforme,myfatheristhepersonIrespectmost.Myfatherisateacherwholoveshisworkandhisstudentsverymuch.Heworksveryhardeverydaybuthewillalsosparesometimetoacpanymeandsharemanyfunnythingswithmeabouthiswork.WhenIeacrosstheproblemsoflearninginmystudy,myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetooverethedifficultiesbravely.Heachievedalotinhiswork,respectedbyhisstudents.So,inmymindmyfatheristhepersonIrespectmostandIlovehimdeeply.二、語法填空DoyouknowNelsonMandela?He1.______________(fight)fortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.Hehelpedtheblackpeopletogetequal2.______________(right)asthewhitepeople.Eliaswasastudentinaschool.Becausehisfamilycouldn’tafford3.______________(pay)theschool.______________(worry)whetherhewouldbeoutofwork.Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime5.______________hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whohadopened6.______________lawfirmtoadvisepoorblackpeopleontheirproblems.NelsonMandelasaidtoEliasthattheywereputinaposition7.______________theyhadeithertoaccepttheywerelessimportant,ortofightthegovernment.Sohedecidedtouse8.______________(violent).ThoughEliasdidn’tlikeviolence,hehelpedNelsonMandelablowupgovernmentbuildings.Heknewitwas9.______________(danger)todoit,buthealsoknewitwastorealize10.______________(they)dreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.Keys：1.fought 2.rights3.topay 4.worried5.that 6.a7.where 8.violence9.dangerous 10.their三、閱讀理解JohnnyCashwasbornin1932inthesouthernstateofArkansas.Hisparentswerepoorcottonfarmers.Asaschoolboy,hebeganwritingsongsandheperformedonradioprograms.Afterhighschool,hejoinedtheUnitedStatesAirForceandservedasaradiooperatorinGermany.HereturnedtotheUnitedStatesin1954andformedabandwithtwofriendsandperformedatlocalevents.TheybeganrecordingforSunRecordsinMemphis.OneofthesongsCashwrotebecamethefirstcountrymusichitrecordforthepany.Itwas“Cry,Cry,Cry”.JohnnyCashperformedallacrosstheUnitedStatesandCanada.By1958,JohnnyCashwasasuccessfulrecordingartist,songwriterandsinger.HewasinvitedtoperformattheGrandOleOpryinNashville,Tennessee.JohnnyCashwonmanyawards,includingelevenGrammyAwardsandtheKennedyCenterHonors.HewaselectedtoboththeCountryMusicHallofFameandtheRockandRollHall