Unit1Whatsthematter單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)人教版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)

八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)【Usefulexpressions】haveacold感冒haveastomachache肚子痛haveasoreback背痛haveatoothache牙齒痛liedownandrest躺下來休息takeone’stemperature量體溫haveafever發(fā)燒takebreaks休息getoff下車toone’ssurprise讓某人驚訝的是rightaway立刻，馬上getinto進(jìn)入，陷入withoutthinkingtwice毫不猶豫expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事waitfor等待agreeto...同意thanksto... 幸虧 intime及時(shí)thinkabout考慮falldown摔倒feelsick感到惡心putabandageonit把繃帶綁到cutone’sknee割傷某人的膝蓋putsomemedicineonit把藥涂在...上gethitonthehead擊中頭部 hurtone’sback傷到背beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事takerisks(takearisk)doingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事runout(of)用完，用盡cutoff切除，砍掉 getoutof離開，從...出來beincontrolof掌管，控制beinterestedin對(duì)...感興趣because of由于，因?yàn)閟aveone’slife就某人的命bereadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事sothat以便，為的是so...that...如此...以至于...theimportanceof...的重要性keepondoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事giveup放棄inadifficultsituation在困境中seeadentist看牙醫(yī)gotothedoctor看醫(yī)生getanXray拍X光片takesomemedicine吃藥inthesameway以同樣的方式shoutforhelp大聲呼救makeadecision做出決定haveprbolemsbreathing呼吸困難【Targetsentences】What’sthematterwithyou?Ihaveacold.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.Shehasaverysorethroatnow.—WhatshouldIdo?—Youshouldliedownandrest…—What’sthematterwithhim?—Hehasatoothache.—Whatshouldhedo?—HeshouldseeadentistandgetanXray.—Doeshehaveafever?—Yes,hedoes.—Shouldhetakehistemperature?—Yes,heshould.Sheshouldn’teatsomuchnexttime.—Whathappened? —Ifeltsick.AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.Aronalmostlosthislifethreetimesbecauseofclimbingaccidents.Aronranoutofwaterafterthreedays.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.【Languagepoints】1.What’sthematter?該句型常用來詢問某人發(fā)生了什么不愉快的事情或者周圍發(fā)生了什么事情。用于健康話題時(shí)，旨在詢問某人哪里不舒服。其后可加介詞with,引出詢問的對(duì)象。拓展延伸：常用于詢問疾病、不適的表達(dá)還有：What’swrong(with)....?What’sthetrouble(with)...?Whathappened(to)...?2.Ihaveastomachache.（1）have在此處作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“患病”，可與get或catch互換。cold前可用bad，heavy等詞修飾。Becausethetemperaturedroppedsharply,manystudentscaughtabadcold.（2）【拓展延伸】“人體部位+ache”常表示“……痛”，常見的還有：3.liedownandrestliedown躺下lie的用法：Don’tlietome!=Don’ttellliestome!4....whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb.doingsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)看到某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。seesb.dosth.意為“看到某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看到整個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程或經(jīng)常發(fā)生。IsawTomplayingchesswiththeoldmanwhenIpassedbythepark.IsawJimgointothebankjustnow.5.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.getoff下車getoff多指從公交車、火車、飛機(jī)等空間較大的交通工具上下來，其反義短語為geton。Theygotoffthebusandwalkedaway.Shesaidgoodbyetohermotherandgotontheplane.【拓展延伸】getin和getoutof指上/下小型交通工具，比如汽車、出租車等?！緢D解】6.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.expectsb.todosth.預(yù)料某人會(huì)做某事；期望某人做某事Ididn’texpecthimtostaysolong.【拓展延伸】expect的其他常見用法：Iexpecttobebackwithinaweek.There’sthedoorbell—Iexpectthatitwillbemymother.Youareexpectedtoshakehands.7.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.(1)toone'ssurprise令某人驚訝的是Tomysurprise,hefailedtheexam.【拓展延伸】insurprise驚訝地（2）agreetodosth.同意做某事WeagreedtogotoHongKongaftertheexam.【拓展延伸】與agree相關(guān)的短語：8.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themansavedbythedoctorsintime.（1）thanksto多虧；由于Thankstoothers’help,welivemuchmorehappilythanbefore.【拓展延伸】thanksfor(doing)sth.意為“因（做）某事而感謝你（們）”。Thanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.（2）intime及時(shí)Luckily,hecaughtthetrainintime.【拓展延伸】ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)Youshouldarriveatschoolontime.9.It’ssadthatmanypeopledon’twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twantanytrouble...troublen.問題；苦惱,trouble在此處作不可數(shù)名詞。Iknowyouhavetrouble,butIcandonothingforyou.【拓展延伸】trouble常用短語10.Didyoufalldown?falldown摔倒；摔下falldown為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其后不能直接跟賓語。falldownfrom表示“從……摔下”，相當(dāng)于falloff。Littlebabiesoftenfalldownwhentheyarelearningtowalk.11.Runinunderwater.runv.流淌；流動(dòng)run在此處作動(dòng)詞，表示“（液體）流動(dòng)”。Waterwasrunningalloverthebathroomfloor.12.Someonefeltsick.sickadj.生病的；有病的sick作形容詞，意為“生病的；有病的”。sickleave意為“病假”。Ifyouareunhappy,you’lleasilygetsick.【特別提醒】sick和ill都有“生病的”的意思，但sick可以充當(dāng)定語或表語，而ill通常作表語。Sheisill/sickinbed.Heaskedfortwoweeks’leavetolookafterhissickfather.【拓展延伸】sick還有“惡心；厭倦的”意思。feelsick感到惡心besickof厭倦……Assoonastheshipstartedmoving,Ibegantofeelsick.Sheissickofherpresentjob.13.toldhimtoresttellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事tellsb.todosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其否定形式為tellsb.nottodosth.“告訴某人不要做某事”。Hetoldmetoleaveanoteonthedesk.Thisstorytellsusnottofoolourselves.14.AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣beinterestedin為固定短語，其后可以接名詞、代詞或ving形式作賓語。LiLeiisinterestedinEnglishandhewatchesBBCNewseveryday.Hewasinterestedinplayingsoccerwhenhewasyoung.15.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.beusedto習(xí)慣于……；適應(yīng)于……beusedto后接名詞、代詞或ving形式作賓語。短語中的be還可以換為get，get強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作而be強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。I’musedtogettingupearly.Youwillsoonbe/getusedtotheweatherhere.【拓展延伸】beusedtodo被用來做usedtodo過去常常beusedfordoingsth.被用來做beusedas被用作16.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccident.becauseof因?yàn)閎ecauseof和because的區(qū)別17.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(1)runout用盡；耗盡runout與runoutof兩個(gè)短語的意思都是“用盡”，但具體用法不同：Hismoneysoonranout.=Hesoonranoutofhismoney.(2)動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語本句中的tosavehisownlife為動(dòng)詞不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式短語既可位于句首，也可位于句末。如果置于句首，需要用逗號(hào)隔開。Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.Todrawmapswell,youneedaspecialpen.18.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.bereadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備好做某事；愿意做某事(1)bereadytodosth.在此處意為“準(zhǔn)備好做某事”，其同義短語為getreadytodosth.。be強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，get強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。I’mreadytopickyouup.(2)bereadytodosth.還可意為“愿意做某事”。I’mreadytoansweryourquestions.【拓展延伸】be/getreadyfor意為“為……做準(zhǔn)備”。其中for為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞或ving形式。Wearegettingreadyforthepetition.I’vebeenreadyformakingdinner.19.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.meanv.意思是；打算；意欲(1)mean在此處作動(dòng)詞，意為“意思是”，其名詞形式為meaning，意為“意思”。Whatdo/does…mean?=What’sthemeaningof…?意為“……是什么意思？”Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What’sthemeaningofthisword?(2)mean作動(dòng)詞，還可表示“打算；意欲”。meantodosth.“打算做某事”Wemeantovisityoutomorrow.(3)拓展延申meanv.打算meaning意思meaningful有意義的meaningless毫無意義的20.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(1)so...that...如此……以至于;引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。so為副詞，后面常接形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。Herunssofastthatwecan’tcatchupwithhim.知識(shí)鏈接：sothat意為“以便；為了”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。此時(shí)從句中常含有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。You’dbettertakethemapwithyousothatyouwon’tgetlost.(2)keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事Keeponlearningaslongasyoulive.【拓展延伸】keep的其他常見用法：keep(sb.)doingsth.（讓某人）一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物保持……狀態(tài)例句：Tomkepthisfriendwaitingoutsidethegate.Theheavyrainkeptusfromgoingtoschool.Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.【GrammarFocus】1.表示疾病及事故傷害的語言特征(1)詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí)，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)What'sthematter/wrong/thetrouble(withsb.)?Whathappened(tosb.)?AreyouOK?Isthereanythingwrongwithsb.?(2)要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu):①某人+have/has+病癥:Ihaveacold/cough②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.③某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位Hehasasorethroat.他喉嚨痛。④某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞:Hehurthisleg.他的腿受傷了。⑤某部位+hurt(s).Myheadhurtsbadly.我頭痛得厲害。⑥某人+have/has+apain+inone's+身體部位|haveapaininmyhead⑦Thereissomethingwrong/Somethingiswrong+withone's身體部位⑧其他表達(dá)Shehasahearttrouble.Hegothitonthehead.Shecutherfinger.2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法（1）語法概述：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其否定形式是在should后加not。（2）例句陳述句：Youshouldhavearest.疑問句：Shouldwegonow?否定句：Youshouldn’teatsomuch.（3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法表示征詢意見和提出建議Weshoulddosportseveryday.表示推測(cè)Heshouldbeapoliceman.表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkthisevening.3.反身代詞1.語法概述：表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫作反身代詞。第一、二人稱的反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞加后綴self或selves構(gòu)成，第三人稱的反身代詞由人稱代詞的賓格加后綴self或selves構(gòu)成。2.反身代詞的構(gòu)成3.反身代詞的用法（1）反身代詞作賓語反身代詞可放在及物動(dòng)詞（短語）或介詞的后面作賓語，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語和主語是相同的人或物。Wemustlookafterourselvesverywe