名詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)中考英語(yǔ)省公開課一等獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)示范課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

名詞

一、考查重點(diǎn)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞2.名詞作用3.名詞全部格4.名詞詞義辨析

1/49名詞{

專有名詞（如：Tom，China，theUnitedStates,January,Monday)

可數(shù){普通名詞{物質(zhì)名詞(如water,ice,wood)抽象名詞(如:happiness幸福)個(gè)體名詞(如：teacher教師)集體名詞(如：police警察)不可數(shù){2/49

考點(diǎn)一名詞數(shù)3/49名詞單數(shù)表示

普通可用a，an，one來(lái)修飾注：a用于輔音音素開頭單詞前,an用于元音音素開頭單詞前*abook

*anEnglishbook

*anhour

4/49flowerflowers找規(guī)律,總結(jié)規(guī)則watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxesNOUN.5/49可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

1.規(guī)則改變(1)普通在詞尾加“s”/s/or/z/*

dog–

dogs

*

book

–

books*

cap

–

caps*

tree

–

trees(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾名詞加“es”/iz/*box

–

boxes*watch

–

watches*bus–

buses*brush

–

brushes

注：stomach/k/–stomachs

6/49(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾名詞,變y為i加“es”/iz/

*country–

countries*baby–

babies

*factory–

factories*party–

parties

請(qǐng)區(qū)分：假如是元音字母加y結(jié)尾名詞則只須加“s”

*boy–

boys

holiday-holidays

*

day-holidaysmonkey

–

monkeys7/49(4)以f、fe結(jié)尾名詞,變f、fe

為v再加“es”/vz/

*half

–

halves*shelf

–

shelves

*knife

–

knives*leaf

–

leaves

特殊:roof---roofsbelief---beliefsproof---proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves8/49巧學(xué)妙記找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesNegroesNOUN.黑人和英雄愛吃西紅柿拌土豆。heroes9/49(5)以o結(jié)尾名詞,普通情況加s,讀作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外

*

piano

–

pianos*zoo

–

zoos

*

radio-radios*bamboo–bamboos

10/49woman--womenman--menNOUN.2.不規(guī)則改變(1)變-a為-e

(2)變?cè)糇帜竜o為eepoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen11/49

(3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheepsheep特殊：children請(qǐng)區(qū)分：German(德國(guó)人)–Germans(“中日”不變“英法”變，其余s加后面)12/49(4).常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)名詞

peopleclothesshoes

trouserssocksglasses

這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意它們謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

*Myclothes

are

newerthanyours.13/491.Several_____aretalking

underthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.

A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethree

inmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA14/494.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC15/49★不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞.常見不可數(shù)名詞water

rice

fish

meatworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine16/492不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)（1)alotof/lotsof,some,much,alittle,plentyof,abitof,alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞

(2)數(shù)詞+容器+of+不可數(shù)名詞a

glass

of

water—twoglassesofwater17/49

單個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

*Somebread

is

overthere.

*Nonews

is

goodnews.

18/49不可數(shù)名詞不能直接被a,an,one,two等修飾，慣用much,alittle,little,

alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修飾

*Theyhad

much

money.

*Hedoes

little

houseworkathome.*arice

(X)

twobread

(X)19/49

可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞都能夠用單位+of+名詞表示量，但單位后面可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞形式不變

*abagof

apples*apieceof

paper*threeglassesof

orange鞏固練習(xí):(1)一茶杯茶（2）一碗飯（3）兩千克肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）一雙鞋（6）許多瓶牛奶20/49

4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個(gè)詞，但意思不一樣

glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)

time(時(shí)間)–times(次數(shù))21/491.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.oneB.apieces C.apiece D.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few

DDCA22/49主謂一致當(dāng)people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，假如看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個(gè)個(gè)詳細(xì)組員時(shí)，就用復(fù)數(shù)。e.gTheclassare

waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.is

are2.news,maths,politics表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.

is23/49

專有名詞：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等時(shí)間概念名稱，如：

SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外節(jié)日：國(guó)際性節(jié)日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay

中國(guó)節(jié)日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay

西方節(jié)日:ChristmasDayEaster(復(fù)活節(jié)）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人節(jié))5.機(jī)構(gòu)或一些社會(huì)團(tuán)體名稱，它們往往縮寫,如:

CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOS

NBAIQEQPERMBVIP

24/49名詞作用使用方法例句作主語(yǔ)English

isuseful.作定語(yǔ)(普通用單數(shù)形式）papertigers紙老虎girlstudents女生作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語(yǔ)ShelearnsChinesehardeveryday.作表語(yǔ)Tomismybestfriend.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theyconsidertheboymonitor.作同位語(yǔ)Theteacherlookedafterusstudentswell.作稱呼語(yǔ)Ladiesandgentlemen,mayIhaveyourattentionplease?25/49名詞全部格表示名詞間所相關(guān)系“…”一.名詞全部格組成方法

1.普通情況下，在有生命名詞后加“’s”

Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“’”即可

Teachers’officeTheGreens’house26/49

3.不以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞全部格,仍按通例加“’s”

*Children’sDay*men’sshoes

4.無(wú)生命名詞所相關(guān)系用of加名詞，組成所屬關(guān)系短語(yǔ)

*thecolorofthewall*apictureofthe

classroom27/495.假如事物為2人或2人以上共同全部，在最終一個(gè)名詞后加-’s;

珍妮和海倫房間

JennyandHelen’sroom6.假如事物不是2人或2人共同全部，而是分別有,則在2個(gè)名詞后都加-’s

珍妮房間和海倫房間Jenny’sandHelen’srooms28/497.

有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體等無(wú)生命東西，也能夠加–’s組成全部格2小時(shí)旅程北京最好公園今日?qǐng)?bào)紙twohours’walk=two-hourwalkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaper

atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示類別名詞作定語(yǔ)，不用全部格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup8.

表示某人家、店鋪、診所時(shí)，常省略全部格后面名詞twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance29/491廣東省會(huì)2教室門3我父親一個(gè)朋友4他兩個(gè)弟兄5愛迪生一些創(chuàng)造6他弟弟一張照片(照片屬于他弟弟)7他弟弟一張照片(照片里人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather’stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother名詞全部格Practice30/491.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重難點(diǎn)突破31/493.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’sD32/494.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.tenminutes’walktenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalkA33/49★名詞使用方法

1.修飾另一名詞時(shí),普通用單數(shù)*Therearethree

banana

treesoverthere.

2.manwoman用做定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)與后面名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)一致

*Weneed

amanteacher.*Theyareall

womenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定語(yǔ)時(shí),仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式*a

sports

star

*a

clothes

shop34/49重難點(diǎn)突破小組討論以下練習(xí)答案并說(shuō)明其原因Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD35/491.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重難點(diǎn)突破C36/492WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’重難點(diǎn)突破D37/49★名詞全部格幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)可用名詞全部格表示地點(diǎn),地點(diǎn)名詞習(xí)慣上省略

*myaunt’s

(home）(我姑姑家）

*

gototheteachers’

(office）

(去老師辦公室）

尤其記憶以下用to表示全部格：thekey

to

the

lock/doorthe

key/answer

to

the

question38/491.Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry. A.apple B.water C.bread D.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy___.Ican’tseeanythingaroundme.A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany______init.A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.waterCCA39/494.---Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?---It’sabouttwo______drive.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite______A.worker B.teacher C.dancer D.playerCD40/496.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB.menC.womanD.women7.Tenhours____(be)noteoughforustodoit.Dis41/49考點(diǎn)四?？济~詞義辨析1workjob工作，多指體力或腦力努力或活動(dòng)不可數(shù)名詞工作零工，多指為換取酬勞進(jìn)行日常活動(dòng)可數(shù)名詞我也喜歡花園，但我不喜歡艱辛勞動(dòng)。Ilikegardenstoo,butIdon’tlikehardwork.她正在找工作。Sheislookingforajob.42/49考點(diǎn)四常考名詞詞義辨析