高考英語-閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧和練習(xí)

閱讀表達(dá)解題策略【考綱呈現(xiàn)】該題型的測(cè)試目的是從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲得信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的實(shí)力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對(duì)考生的綜合語言運(yùn)用實(shí)力的考查?！菊骖}評(píng)析】（天津卷）第一節(jié):閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分）閱讀下面短文,并依據(jù)題目要求用英語回答問題.AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（購物手推車）.Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow—oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地?cái)y帶）groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?”oneshopperreplied.ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假冒的）customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat’sonereasonAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.1.Theunderlinedwords“chrome-platecontraptions”inParagraph1referto______.（Nomorethan3words）【答案】shoppingcarts【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。由上句----apartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（購物手推車）可以得出談的是.購物手推車。2.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?（Nomorethan10words）【答案】Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解表達(dá)。由二段的Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地?cái)y帶）groceries和第三段可知他做購物手推車的目的。3.WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?（Nomorethan10words）【答案】Becausefewcustomersusedhiscarts.【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解表達(dá)。由第五段可知。4.WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket?（Nomorethan10words）【答案】Becausehewantedtopromotehisshoppingcarts.【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推理表達(dá)題。由第七段關(guān)鍵詞---persuadepeopletogivethematry.可知。5.WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?Pleasegiveyourreasons.（Nomorethan20words）【答案】Hewasasmartbusinessman.Heinventedtheshoppingcartandmadeitacceptedbycustomers.Or:Hewassmartbutheshouldn’thaveusedtrickstoattractcustomers.【解析】主旨大意表達(dá)題。通讀全文把握大意，本文主要介紹Goldman和他的購物手推車?！緦ｎ}分析】此題型與閱讀理解相比，既有相同點(diǎn)也存在著區(qū)分。其相同點(diǎn)在于兩者都是對(duì)語篇閱讀實(shí)力的考查，考生需對(duì)文章有較好的理解。區(qū)分主要表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面：1.閱讀理解題目的題型是客觀的，而閱讀表達(dá)的題型則是主觀的，這不僅須要考生將文章理解，還須要將自己對(duì)文章的理解通過自己的語言表達(dá)出來，而且要受到字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。這就是說閱讀理解只是要求學(xué)生將文章及題目中的信息理解了，就能作對(duì)題目，而閱讀表達(dá)不僅要求學(xué)生理解文章和題目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的語言表達(dá)出來，是一種信息的輸出。2.閱讀理解的文章難度較大，片幅較長，生詞較多；閱讀表達(dá)的文章較為簡潔，生詞少。3.在于閱讀理解中的題型是選擇題，問題類型及所考查的方式差別很大，所供選擇的答案只有一項(xiàng)是正確的；但在閱讀表達(dá)中，題型和題目的設(shè)置是比較固定的，包括：主旨概括、填空、翻譯句子、同意句替換、封閉性問題、開放性問題（個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)描述）、其他類型等七種類型，答案往往是不唯一的。這七種類型在題目設(shè)置上的考查如下：問題類型 常見問題主旨概括 What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatisthepurposeofthewriter’swritingthispassage?What’sthemainideaofthepassage/article?填空 Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithapropersentence/properwordsorphrases.翻譯句子 Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphintoChinese.同意句替換 Pleasefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.封閉性問題 Regularclose-endedwh-questionsbasedonthepassage.開放性問題 Whatwouldyoudoifyou…?Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyou…?其他類型 …每年的高考題將會(huì)從以上的七種類型中選出五類，問題的依次也會(huì)結(jié)合問題的信息點(diǎn)在文章種出現(xiàn)的依次進(jìn)行排列。其他類型的題目屬于不確定題型，是依據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的與以上六種題型不同的問題類型。還有就是為了限制考生在該試題上所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間，在每一個(gè)須要考生回答的問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù)的要求（翻譯句子和句子填空題除外）?！緦ｎ}技巧】1、主旨概括：這類問題要求考生歸納文章的要點(diǎn)，了解題目，速讀全文，了解大意和主題，概括中心思想，考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體把握實(shí)力。要想答好該題，考生必需有很強(qiáng)的概括實(shí)力或歸納實(shí)力，標(biāo)題要簡潔,要擅長找尋能夠概括全文的主題段落或者主題句，剔除文中的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)事實(shí)或者作者所用的論據(jù)，即要分清主旨和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，概括出來的中心愿思肯定要能夠覆蓋全文或整個(gè)段落，肯定不行太籠統(tǒng)離題太遠(yuǎn)或者以偏概全，可以抓住文章開頭的主題句或文章最終的結(jié)論，尤其要留意文章的首段的首末句，這里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中標(biāo)題格式可以是完整的句子，簡潔的短語，也可以用問題的形式，同時(shí)要留意字?jǐn)?shù)要求。具體的表達(dá)可以先依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容找出關(guān)鍵詞，其中主要看題目的第2、3、5小題，抓住重點(diǎn)考查信息，再在此基礎(chǔ)上搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕獲時(shí)空、依次、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，確定文章標(biāo)題或者文章的mainidea，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。2、同意句替換：這種題型在英語中也常說被成“paraphrase”。此類型比較簡潔，只要對(duì)句子的意義進(jìn)行正確的理解，弄透所給句子的意思，然后依據(jù)語句中的關(guān)鍵詞，快速找出在文中相對(duì)應(yīng)的意義相同的句子即可。另外還應(yīng)留意這種替換中數(shù)字表達(dá)形式的改變，與主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的邊化。須要留意的是：考生在文章中精確找到原句后要將其完整的抄寫在答題紙所給定的位置上，切不行只是寫上第“某某”個(gè)句子（TheXXsentenceinparagraphXX.）了事，這樣是不能得分的！3、填空：回答此類問題時(shí)，肯定首先留意弄清晰語境和上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、對(duì)比、因果等等，留意上下文，前后句的聯(lián)系；然后依據(jù)上下文的含義揣測(cè)出空白處該填句子還是短語或者單詞，再讀上下文，看上下文是否通順，最終確定答案。上下文之間的關(guān)系通常有下列幾種，這些關(guān)系通常通過一些連詞表示出來：A．同位關(guān)系（并列關(guān)系）標(biāo)記詞：and,also,likewise,similarly,too,either…or,neither…nor,not…but…,notonly…butalso…,inthesameway,equally,…B．遞進(jìn)關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞：then;besides;inaddition;additionally;whatismore;moreover,further,…C．對(duì)比關(guān)系（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）標(biāo)記詞：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,inanycase,unfortunately,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,conversely,ontheotherhand,…D．因果關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞：because,since,as,for;nowthat,so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,…E．讓步關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞：although;though;eventhough;evenif;nevertheless;despite;inspiteof;…F．時(shí)間關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞：when,while,as,after,before,since,until,assoonas,once,…G．條件關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞：if,suppose（that）,supposing（that）,unless,incase,so（as）longas,sofar,oncondition（that）,provided（that）,providing（that）,without,…I.表示目的（意圖）標(biāo)記詞：to,inorderto,soasto,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,as,…H．說明與被說明關(guān)系標(biāo)記詞：is,thatis,thatistosay,means,themeaningis（that）…,…4、翻譯句子：本題主要考查考生理解英語語句的基本實(shí)力，是對(duì)學(xué)生綜合語言學(xué)問理解和運(yùn)用的考察，而且須要將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語，因此又是對(duì)漢語表達(dá)水平的一種檢測(cè)。在該類題目中要求翻譯的句子往往是結(jié)果較為困難或者包括一些特定習(xí)語的句子。因此，翻譯時(shí)肯定要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)句子的主干成分，然后確定一些附屬的部分，如定語，狀語、插入語等等，并結(jié)合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的語境，同時(shí)還要留意英、漢兩種語言及其問題特征的差異，最終在忠實(shí)于原文的基礎(chǔ)上，可以適當(dāng)應(yīng)用增詞、減詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)化、語序轉(zhuǎn)化等技巧把英語中的從句（定語從句及名詞性從句）和較長的短語往往單獨(dú)翻譯，從而把畫線部分的長句翻譯成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子。5、封閉性問題：封閉性問題是指答案是固定或唯一的問題，一般可在文章中找到明確的答案或依據(jù)。每篇文章的作者會(huì)運(yùn)用事實(shí)、分析緣由或?qū)Ρ仁挛镩g的關(guān)系等加以論證自己的觀點(diǎn)，本題型就是結(jié)合文中某個(gè)問題進(jìn)行解答，首先要細(xì)致地看懂問題，明確問題問的是什么，然后依據(jù)題意進(jìn)行尋讀，找到文中的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，常與what,when,where,who,which,why等有關(guān)。常見題的提問方式：①Whatcause…?②Whatdoesthewriterreallymeanbysaying…③Whydoestheauthormention…?④Whatarethereasonswhy…?⑤Whichistheresultof…?⑥Whereinthepassagedoestheauthordescribe…？6、開放性問題：是閱讀表達(dá)中主觀性最強(qiáng)的試題，解答比較簡潔，要依據(jù)文章供應(yīng)的線索，調(diào)動(dòng)自己所學(xué)的綜合英語學(xué)問，結(jié)合個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)、閱歷選擇較簡潔回答的點(diǎn)回答相關(guān)問題。這類題會(huì)有字?jǐn)?shù)要求，回答必需完整，即怎么問，怎么答。如：要回答“which…isthe…”，不要只是說“Thefirst/secondone.”要把句子寫完整；回答“why”的問題時(shí)最好用上“because”。常見題的提問方式：①Whatwouldyoudoifyouwere…？②Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?③Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyouwere…?7、其他類型：該題是結(jié)合文章的不同題材和體裁給出的除以上6種類型以外的類型的題，比如設(shè)計(jì)圖表題，推理推斷題等，問題的依次也會(huì)結(jié)合問題所問的信息點(diǎn)在文章中出現(xiàn)的依次進(jìn)行排列。還有，答題字?jǐn)?shù)要求（Pleaseanswerwithin10/15/20words）：一般狀況下，考生回答問題所書寫的英文會(huì)限制在50個(gè)以下（句子替代和句子翻譯除外），以限制考生在該試題上所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間；每一個(gè)須要考生用英語回答的問題在后面都有具體的字?jǐn)?shù)要求。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高了對(duì)中學(xué)生英語閱讀及寫作實(shí)力的要求，但在學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在的一些不利因素仍制約著學(xué)生這些實(shí)力的提高，要提高學(xué)生閱讀表達(dá)實(shí)力，首先要克服影響做閱讀表達(dá)題的不利因素。解答閱讀題的關(guān)鍵是弄清晰其考查的目的、問題的類型和駕馭肯定的答題技巧，并在老師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行肯定量的針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練；尤其要留意的是平?？隙ㄒ粢庥⒄Z書面表達(dá)實(shí)力的提高以及書寫的訓(xùn)練。8、要保持書寫清晰，工整；卷面整齊、干凈。給閱卷老師留下一個(gè)好印象?！緦ｎ}訓(xùn)練】（一）當(dāng)今社會(huì)“感恩”話題盛行，總有一些有關(guān)感恩的人和事會(huì)讓我們思索良久。這篇閱讀表達(dá)題會(huì)給我們一些很好的啟示，讓我們有深深的感悟。Ourlittleboycameuptohismotherinthekitchenoneeveningwhileshewasfixingsupper，andhandedherapieceofpaperthathehadbeenwritingon.Afterhismomdriedherhandsonanapron，shereadit，andthisiswhatitsaid：Forcuttingthegrass$5.00Forcleaningupmyroomthisweek$1.00Forgoingtothestoreforyou$0.50Baby－sittingmykidbrotherwhileyouwentshopping$0.25Takingoutthegarbage$1.00Forgettingagoodreportcard$5.00Forcleaningupandrakingtheyard$2.00Totalowed:$14.75Well，I’lltellyou，hismotherlookedathimstandingthereexpectantly，andboy，couldIseethememoriesflashingthroughhermind.Soshepickedupthepen，turnedoverthepaperhe’dwrittenon，andthisiswhatshewrote：FortheninemonthsIcarriedyouwhileyouweregrowinginsideme，NoCharge.ForallthenightsthatI’vesatupwithyou，doctoredandprayedforyou，NoCharge.Forallthetryingtimes，andallthetearsthatyou’vecausedthroughtheyears，there’sNoCharge.Forallthenightsthatwerefilledwithdread，andfortheworriesIknewwereahead，NoChargeForthetoys，food，clothes，andevenwipingyournose，there’sNoCharge，Son.Whenyou___________________，thecostofmyloveisNoCharge.Well，friends，whenoursonfinishedreadingwhathismotherhadwritten，thereweregreatbigoldtearsinhiseyes，andhelookedstraightupathismotherandsaid：“Mom，Isuredoloveyou.”Andthenhetookthepenandingreatbiglettershewrote：“PAIDINFULL”.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Althoughyouhavebroughtmehardtimesandmanytearsintheseyears,youneedn’tpayforthem.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（二）“假如你信念堅(jiān)決，你只須要堅(jiān)信所發(fā)生每一個(gè)結(jié)果都對(duì)你有利?；蛟S過一段時(shí)間之后，你就會(huì)明白了”。信任這樣主題的閱讀表達(dá)文章能夠讓學(xué)生受益匪淺。Twotravelingangelsstoppedtospendthenightinthehomeofawealthyfamily.Thefamilywasrudeandrefusedtolettheangelsstayinthemansion’sguestroom.Insteadtheangelsweregivenasmallspaceinthecoldbasement.Astheymadetheirbedonthehardfloor,theolderangelsawaholeinthewallandrepairedit.Whentheyoungerangelaskedwhy,theolderangelreplied,“Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem.”Thenextnightthepaircametorestatthehouseofaverypoor,butveryhospitablefarmerandhiswife.Aftersharingwhatlittlefoodtheyhadthecouplelettheangelssleepintheirbedwheretheycouldhaveagoodnight’srest.Whenthesuncameupthenextmorningtheangelsfoundthefarmerandhiswifeintears.Theironlycow,whosemilkhadbeentheirsoleincome,laydeadinthefield.Theyoungerangelwasinfuriatedandaskedtheolderangelhowcouldyouhaveletthishappen?Thefirstmanhadeverything,yetyouhelpedhim,sheaccused.Thesecondfamilyhadlittlebut___________________,andyouletthecowdie.“Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem,”theolderangelreplied.“Whenwestayedinthebasementofthemansion,Inoticedtherewasgoldstoredinthatholeinthewall.Sincetheownerwassoobsessedwithgreedandunwillingtosharehisgoodfortune,Isealedthewallsohewouldn’tfindit.”“Thenlastnightaswesleptinthefarmer’sbed,theangelofdeathcameforhiswife.Igavehimthecowinstead.Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem.”Sometimesthatisexactlywhathappenswhenthingsdon’tturnoutthewaytheyshould.Ifyouhavefaith,youjustneedtotrustthateveryoutcomeisalwaystoyouradvantage.Youjustmightnotknowituntilsometimelater.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thecouplesharedtheirlittlefoodwiththetwoangelsandthensparedtheirbedforthetwoangelstorestforagoodnightwillingly.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Doyouthinklifeisequalforthetwofamilies?Andwhy?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（三）“年輕時(shí)就要學(xué)會(huì)省錢，這是重要的一課。全部好的習(xí)慣都起先于年青時(shí)代...”對(duì)于新時(shí)代的青年人，如何面對(duì)理財(cái)，如何學(xué)會(huì)理財(cái)是值得我們深思的問題。這篇閱讀表達(dá)題會(huì)從某些方面給我們以啟迪....Learningtosavemoneywhenyou'reyoungisanimportantlesson.Allgoodlessonsaridhabitsbeginearly,andsavingisaskillthateveryoneneeds.Manypeople—adultsincluded—donothaveagoodsenseofsavingforthelongrun.IhavebeenluckytolearnthislessonearlybecauseIhavehadagrass-cuttingbusinesssinceIwas10yearsold.OfthemoneyImakeIspendabout10percentandsavetheother90.Makingsureyousaveanddon'tspendtoomuchisagoodwaytobuildupwealth.Ihaveputmyearningsinabank.ManyteensIknowspendallthemoneytheyearnsoitneverhasachancetogrow.Youngpeopleshouldrealizethattheirteenageyearsareagreattimetobeginsaving.Athighschoolmanyparentspayforalmosteverything,soyourexpensescanbesmall.Ifyouhavealob,youshouldhavefunwithsomeofthemoney.Butyoushouldalsosavesomesothatitwillgrow.Thenyoucanbeginplanningforyourfuture.Whenyouspendmoney,younotonlylosethatmoney,butalsolosetheinterestyoucouldhaveearnedbysavingit.Afterhighschool,collegeisexpensiveandthen"real"lifebegins,withexpensessuchasfoodandrent.Ifyoucanholdontoagoodpercentageofthemoneyyouearnasateen,goingtocollegeandbuyingahousewillbemucheasier.________________,themoretimethemoneyhastogrow.Ifyouareinyourthirtieswithoutanysavings,youwillalwayshavetostruggle.Theearlieryoubeginsaving,theeasieritistocreateanestegg.Laterinlifeitcanbehardtostartsavingbecausegeneralcostsoflivingaremoreexpensiveandyoumayonlyhaveenoughtopayyourbills.Ifyouwanttobuyahouseandhaveafamily,youneedmoneytostartwith,whichcomesfromsaving.Manysaymoneycannotmakeyouhappy,andthisistrue.Butmoneycanhelpyoutoleadasecurelife.Savingearlywillmeanyouwillhavetoworkforfeweryearswhenyouareolder.Itwillalsoallowyoutospendtimedoingthethingsthatyouwanttodo.Inadditiontothis,itwillmeanyoucanlivethewayyouwanttowithoutworrying.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Aslongasyousaveearly,you’lldolessworktolivewellatyouroldage.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（within10words）4Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouthinkofsaving?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（四）“如何真正處理好孩子與父母間的關(guān)系”始終是我們特別關(guān)注和想了解的話題。溝通是必要的方式之一，可如何能夠進(jìn)行真正心靈上的溝通？我們，作為父母的，作為孩子的，都得須要思索。這篇文章會(huì)給你肯定的啟示....Iwas13yearsold.MyfamilyhadmovedtoSouthernCaliforniafromNorthFloridaayearbefore.Ihitadolescencewithavengeance.Iwasangryandrebellious,withlittleregardforanythingmyparentshadtosay,particularlyifithadtodowithme.Likesomanyteenagers,Istruggledtoescapefromanythingthatdidn'tagreewithmypictureoftheworld.A"brilliantwithoutneedofguidance"kid,Irejectedanyovertofferingoflove.Infact,Igotangryatthementionofthewordlove.Onenight,afteraparticularlydifficultday,I_____________,shutthedoorandgotintobed.AsIlaydownintheprivacyofmybed,myhandsslippedundermypillow.Therewasanenvelope.Ipulleditoutandontheenvelopeitsaid,"Toreadwhenyou'realone."SinceIwasalone,noonewouldknowwhetherIreaditornot,soIopenedit.Itsaid"Mike,Iknowlifeishardrightnow,IknowyouarefrustratedandIknowwedon'tdoeverythingright.IalsoknowthatIloveyoucompletelyandnothingyoudoorsaywilleverchangethat.Iamhereforyouifyoueverneedtotalk,andifyoudon't,that'sokay.Justknowthatnomatterwhereyougoorwhatyoudoinyourlife,Iwillalwaysloveyouandbeproudthatyouaremyson.I'mhereforyouandIloveyou—hatwillneverchange.Love,Mom.Thatwasthefirstofseveral"Toreadwhenyou'realone"letters.TheywerenevermentioneduntilIwasanadult.TodayItraveltheworldhelpingpeople.IwasinSarasota,Florida,teachingaseminarwhen,attheendoftheday,aladycameuptomeandsharedthedifficultyshewashavingwithherson.Wewalkedouttothebeach,andItoldherofmymom'sundyingloveandaboutthe"Toreadwhenyou'realone"letters.Severalweekslater,Igotacardthatsaidshehadwrittenherfirstletterandleftitforherson.ThatnightasIwenttobed,IputmyhandsundermypillowandrememberedthereliefIfelteverytimeIgotaletter.Inthemidstofmyturbulentteenyears,theletterswerethecalmassurancethatIcouldbelovedinspiteofme,notbecauseofme.JustbeforeIfellasleepIthankedGodthatmymomknewwhatI,anangryteenager,needed.Todaywhentheseasoflifegetstormy,Iknowthatjustundermypillowthereisthatcalmassurancethatlove-consistent,abiding,unconditionallove-changeslives.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?IreachedoutmyhandsfortheletterunderthepillowthatnightwhenIwenttobed,andIalwaysfeltreliefwiththeletterundermypillow.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（五）本文是屬于夾敘夾議體裁，反映的是海洋污染的問題。希望能夠從中得到警示，讓我們反醒自己的行為。徹底相識(shí)到愛護(hù)自然就是愛護(hù)我們自己??！Everyyear2.2milliontonsofoilarespilled（散落，濺出）intotheocean.Actually,thisonlyamountstoasmallpercentageofthetotal1.6billiontonsofoilshippedaroundtheworldeachyear.However,thisspilledoilhasterribleeffectsonoceanlife,includingthecoastlineswheretheoffwashesupontoshore.Someofthelargestspillsinhistorywerecausedbyoiltankersrunningintoeachotherorbyanoiltankersailingintoshallowwaterandhittingthebottomoftheocean.Afterthesespills,officialstrytodiscoverwhoorwhatwasatfaulttohelppreventsimilaraccidentsinthefuture.OneoftheworstoilspillsinhistoryoccurredalongtheAlaskancoastlinein1989.Inthisaccident,42,000tonsofoilspilledfromatankerwhichresultedinterribledamagetothissensitivenaturalarea.Inthisspill,thetanker'scaptain,whowastiredfromoverworkanddrinkingalcohol,hadgoneto___________.Hegavecontroloftheshiptothethirdmate.Thethirdmatewasunfamiliarwiththepaththeshiptook,andherantheshipontoBligheReef.BligheReefisanaturalunderwaterrockwallneartheAlaskancoast.Damagedbythereef,theshipleakedoiloutintotheocean.Morethan1,600kilometersofcoastlinewereaffectedbytheoilspill.Somescientistswhostudiednatureintheareaguessedthat580,000birdsand5,500othersdiedwhentheoilfromthespillcoveredtheirskin.Aswell,smallershellfishandotherseacreatureswerelatereatenbyseals,whales,andotheranimals.Themostoileverspilledwasactuallydumpedonpurposeasanactofecologicalwarfare.Thetermecologicalwarfaremeanstofightbydoingharmtonatureintheareaunderattack.In1990,IraqsentsoldiersintoKuwaitandsetoffthePersianGulfWar.AspartoftheIraqwarplan,900,000tonsofoilwereletoutintothePersianGulfWayIraq.Thisoilcovered1,500squarekilometersofwaterinthePersianGulf.Theoilalsodamaged650kilometersofthecoastlineofbothKuwaitandSaudiArabia.Insomeplaces,oilfloatingonthewaterwasmeasuredtobe43centimetersthick.Waterbirds,waterplants,andbabyfishwereallseriouslyaffectedbytheoil.Thelong-termeffectsofthisactonthefoodchainintheareaareboundtocauseproblemstarintothefuture.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Officialsmakeeffortstodoresearchintotheoilspillaccidentsanddon’twanttoseethesimilarthingshappenagaininthefuture.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyouthinkoftheoilspillaccidenthappeningin1990inthePersianGulf?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（六）健康問題始終是生活中的熱點(diǎn)話題。尤其對(duì)于女性來說，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和純粹的高跟鞋對(duì)你身體健康的影響嗎？Healthykneesaren'tthemainconsiderationinchoosinghighheels,butnewresearchsayschunkyheelsarejust__________asspindlystilettos（細(xì)高跟鞋）."Ittakesalongtimetofeeltheeffectsofkneeosteoarthritis（骨關(guān)節(jié)炎）—andonceyoudo,itistoo]ate,"saidDr.CaseyKerrigan,leadingresearcherofthestudyandassociateprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchool'sdepartmentofphysicalmedicine."Icompareittosmoking—onecigaretteisnotpainful,butoveralifetimeitis.Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,"Kerrigansaid.”Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels,butjustashadforyourknees.”Theideathathighheelsarebadforyourhealthisn'tnew—scientistshavewarnedwomenforyearsthattheycontributetoproblemsrangingfromcornstohammertoes,tendonitis,kneepain,sprained（扭傷）anklesandbackproblems.Butin1998,KerdganandateamofHarvardresearcherswerethefirsttolinkhighheelsandkneeosteoarthritis,apainfuljointdiseasethatdestroyscartilage（軟骨）surroundingtheknee.Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels,andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunkyhigh-heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing."Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitively（直覺地）knowthathigh-heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth,"saidDr.GlennPfeifer,aSanFranciscodoctorandmemberoftheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedicSurgeonswhowasnotconnectedtothestudy.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Inmyopinion,itissimilartosmoking,forsmokingonecigarettedoeslittleharmbutifyousmokeallyourlife,it’llbeverypainful.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（withintenwords）4.Whatdoyouthinkofwearingthechunkyheelsaccordingtothepassage?（within30words）5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（七）旅行莫非只能讓人們享受美景放松心情嗎？不，它還可以很有效果的降低犯罪率，這一點(diǎn)你信任嗎？來看這篇文章吧Americansthinkthattravelisgoodforyou,someeventhinkitcanhelponeofthecountry'sworstproblems-crime（犯罪）.Crimeworriesalotofpeople.Everyyear,thenumberofcrimesgoesupandup.Andmanycriminals（罪犯）areyoung.Theyoftencomefromsadhomes,withonlyoneparentornoparentsatall.Therearemanyyoungcriminalsinprison.Butprisondoesn'tchangethem.Sixorsevenintenwillgobacktocrimewhentheycomeoutofprison.Oneman,BobBurton,thoughtofanewidea.Intheolddays,youngmenhadtoliveadifficultlifeontheroad.Theylearnedtobestrongandbrave,andtohelptheftfriendsilltimeofdanger.Thishelpedthemtogrowintomen.SoBobBurtonstarted"VisionQuest".Hetakesyoungcriminalsonalong,longjourneywithhorsesandwagons（馬車）,3,000milesthroughsevenstates.Theyareontheroadformorethanayear.TheyoungpeopleonVisionQuestallhavebadproblems.Mostofthemhavealreadyspenttimeinprison.Thisistheirlastchance.It'shardworkontheroad.Theworkstartsbeforethesuncomesup.Theboysandgirlshavetofeedthehorses.Someofthemhaveneverlovedanyonebefore.Buttheycanlovetheirhorse.Thatlovecanhelpthemtoanewlife.NotalltheyoungpeopleonVisionQuestwillleavecrimebehindthem.Threeorfourintenwilloneday_____________.BobBurtonisright.Travelcanbegoodforyou.Eventoday.Americansstillsay,“Gowest,youngman.”1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thecriminalsareveryunfortunate,becausetheyhavesingleparentortheyareorphans3.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Withintenwords）4.Whatdoyouthinkofthemeaningofthetraveltotheyoungmenintheolddaysaccordingtothepassage?（within30words）