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初中英語詞匯辨析

例:spend/take/pay

spend“花費(fèi)”常用于Sb.spend(s)somemoney(time)onsth.或Sb.spend(s)somemoney(time)(in)doingsth.其主語一般是人。

如:Hespent20yuanonthepen.他花了20元錢買了這支鋼筆。

Ispentaweek(in)finishingreadingthebook.我花了一周時間讀完這本書。

take常用于占用或花費(fèi)“時間”,其句型為:Sth.takessb.time或Ittakessb.timetodosth.

如:Theworkwilltakeustwohours.這項(xiàng)工作將花費(fèi)我們兩小時。

IttookmethreedaystotraveltoBeijing.我在北京旅游了三天。

pay“付款、給……報酬”,它可作及物動詞也可作不及物動詞。pay常用于以下幾種句型:①Sb.pay(s)sb.money意為“某人付款給另一個人或某人給另一個人多少報酬”。如:Hepaysmefiftyyuanaweek.他每周給我五十元的報酬。

②payforsth.意為“付……款、給……報酬”。

如:Hehaspaidforthemeal.他已付了那頓飯的錢。

③paymoneyforsth.意為“花多少錢買某物”。

如:Myfatherpaid40poundsforthedesk.我父親花了40英磅買了這張書桌。clothes,cloth,clothing

clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù),cloth指布,為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱,

一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.incident,accident

incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.amount,number

amount后接不可數(shù)名詞,number后接可數(shù)名詞anumberofstudents

4.family,house,home

home家,包括住處和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成員。Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.sound,voice,noise

sound自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.

6.photo,picture,drawing

photo用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片,picture可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing畫的畫

Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.

7.vocabulary,word

vocabulary詞匯,一個人擁有的單詞量,word具體的單詞Hehasalargevocabulary.

8.population,people

population人口,人數(shù),people具體的人Chinahasalargepopulation.

9.weather,climate

weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate長期的氣候狀況Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.

10.road,street,path,way

road具體的公路,馬路,street街道,path小路,小徑,way道路,途徑

takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.

11.course,subject

course課程(可包括多門科目),subject科目(具體的學(xué)科)asummercourse

12.custom,habit

custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗,習(xí)俗,也可指生活習(xí)慣,后接todo,habit生活習(xí)慣,習(xí)慣成自然,后接ofdoing.

I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

13.cause,reason

cause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或

結(jié)果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate

14.exercise,exercises,practice

exercise運(yùn)動,鍛煉(不可數(shù)),exercises練習(xí)(可數(shù)),practice(反復(fù)做的)練習(xí)。Practicemakesperfect.

15.class,lesson

作“課”解時,兩者可以替換。指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學(xué)生用class.Lesson6;Class5

16.speech,talk,lecture

speech指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說,talk日常生活中的一般的談話,講話,lecture

學(xué)術(shù)性的演講,講課aseriesoflectureon…

17.officer,official

officer部隊(duì)的軍官,official政府官員anarmyofficer

18.work,job

二者均指工作。work不可數(shù),job可數(shù)agoodjob。

19.couple,pair

couple主要指人或動物,pair多指由兩部分組成的東西apairoftrousers20.country,nation,state,land

country側(cè)重指版圖,疆域,nation指人民,國民,民族,state側(cè)重指政府,政體,land國土,

國家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.

21.cook,cooker

cook廚師,cooker廚具Heisagoodcook.

22.damage,damages

damage不可數(shù)名詞,損害,損失;damages復(fù)數(shù)形式,賠償金$900damages

23.police,policeman

police警察的總稱,后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞,policeman指某個具體的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.

24.problem,questionproblem常和困難連系,前面的動詞常為thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑問連系,多和ask,answer連用。

25.man,aman

man人類,aman一個男人Manwillconquernature.

26.chick,chicken

二者均可指小雞,chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉Thechickenisdelicious.

27.telegram,telegraph

當(dāng)電報解時,telegram指具體的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph

28.trip,journey,travel,voyage

travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長的旅途,voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip

29.sport,game

sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動,如打球,游泳,打獵,賽馬等;game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則Hisfavoritesportisswimming.

30.price,prize

price價格,prize獎,獎品,獎金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.&<60;&<60;

31.anumberof,thenumberof

anumberof許多,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof…的數(shù)目,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberof

studentsisincreasing.

32.infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof范圍外的前面,inthefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.

33.oftheday,ofaday

oftheday每一天的,當(dāng)時的,當(dāng)代的,ofaday暫時的,不長久的afamousscientistoftheday

34.threeofus,thethreeofus

threeofus我們(不止三個)中的三個,thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€(就三個人)Thethreeofus

---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.

35.bybus,onthebus

bybus表手段,方式,不用冠詞,onthebus表范圍Theywenttherebybus.

36.foramoment,forthemoment

foramoment片刻,一會兒,forthemoment暫時,一時Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.37.nextyear,thenextyear

nextyear明年,將來時間狀語,thenextyear第二年,過去將來時間狀語Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.

38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear

morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超過一年(兩年或三年等)

39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice

takeadvice征求意見,taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.

40.takeair,taketheair

takeair傳播,走漏,taketheair到戶外去,散步Wetaketheaireveryday.

41.inaword,inwords

inaword總之,一句話,inwords口頭上Inaword,youareright.

42.inplaceof,intheplaceof

inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.

43.insecret,inthesecret

insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語;inthesecret知道內(nèi)情,知道秘密,

一般用作表語Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.

44.agirl,onegirl

agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一個女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?

45.takeachair,takethechair

takeachair相當(dāng)于sitdown坐下,takethechair開始開會

46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea

50.inchargeof,inthechargeof

inchargeof管理,負(fù)責(zé)照料,inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.

Thematterisinthechargeofher.

51.inclass,intheclass

inclass在課上,intheclass在班級里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.

52.onfire,onthefire

onfire著火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.

53.outofquestion,outofthequestion

outofquestion毫無疑問的,outofthequestion不可能的54.asecond,thesecond

asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.

55.byday,bytheday

byday白天,bytheday按天計算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.

56.thepeople,apeople

thepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.

57.it,one

it同一物體,one同類不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.

58.that,this

that指代上文所提到的,this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的Iwasill.That'swhy….

59.none,nothing,noone

none強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少,nothing,noone強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有,nothing指物,noone指人

---Howmany…/Howmuch…?---None.

60.anyone,anyone

anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyou

61.who,what

who指姓名或關(guān)系,what指職業(yè)或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.

62.what,which

what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的,which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇&<60;&<60;

Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?

63.other,another

other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),another后接名詞單數(shù)otherstudents,anotherstudent

64.notalittle,notabit

notalittle非常,notabit一點(diǎn)也不I'mnotabittired.我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。

65.many,much,alotof

many和可數(shù)名詞連用,much和不可數(shù)名詞連用,alotof可數(shù),不可數(shù)均可,但不用于否定句

Ihaven'tmanybooks.

66.muchmore…than,manymore…than

muchmore…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞,manymore…than后接可數(shù)名詞manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful

67.no,not

no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater

68.nomorethan,notmorethan

nomorethan相當(dāng)于only,僅僅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超過

69.majority,most

majority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可themajorityofpeople

70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself

byoneself單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的,foroneself為自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,

自動的Thedooropenedofitself.

71.atall,afterall

atall根本,全然,afterall到底,畢竟Afterallheisachild.

72.tall,high

tall常指人或動物,high常指物體Heistall.

73.fast,quickly

fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動速度快的特點(diǎn),quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快

runfast,answerthequestionquickly

74.high,highly

high具體的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof

75.healthy,healthful

healthy健康的,健壯的,healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise

76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy

sleeping正在睡覺,asleep睡著,熟睡,只能做表語,sleepy困的,有睡意的&<60;&<60;

asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.

77.gold,golden

gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金魚用goldfish,agoldring

78.most,mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中,相當(dāng)于very,當(dāng)大部分,大多數(shù)解時是形容詞或名詞,

mostly大部分,是副詞mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…

79.just,very

just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時是副詞,作狀語,very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時是形容詞,用作定語theveryman,justtheman

80.wide,broad

wide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離,broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broadshoulders

81.real,true

real真的,真實(shí)的,指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合

realgold,atruestory

82.respectful,respectable

respectful尊敬,有禮貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged

83.outwards,outward

二者均可用作副詞,表示向外,外面,outward還可用作形容詞anoutwardvoyage

84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing

pleasant常用作定語,pleased,pleasing常用作表語,pleased主語常為人,

pleasing主語常為物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.

85.understanding,understandable

understanding明白事理的,能體諒的,understandable可理解的,能夠懂的&<60;&<60;

anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake

86.close,closely

close接近,靠近,closely緊緊地,緊密地closelyconnected,standclose

87.ill,sick

ill做表語,sick定,表均可asickboy

88.good,well

good形容詞,well副詞,但指身體狀況是形容詞Heiswellagain.

89.quiet,silent,still

quiet安靜的,可以發(fā)出小的聲音,silent不發(fā)出聲音,但可以動,still完全不動,完全無聲響Hestandtherestill.他站在那兒,一動不動,也不說話。

90.hard,hardly

hard努力,hardly幾乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.

91.able,capableable與不定式todo連用,capable與of連用Heiscapableofdoing…

92.almost,nearly

二者均為“幾乎,差不多”和否定詞連用用almostalmostnobody&<60;&<60;

93.late,lately

late遲,晚,lately最近,近來Ihaven'tseenhimlately.

94.living,alive,live,lively

living,alive,live均為活著的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定語后置,live只能做

定語,lively意為活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive

95.excited,exciting

excited使人興奮的,exciting令人興奮的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.

96.deep,deeply

deep具體的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地deeplymoved,digdeep

97.aloud,loud

aloud出聲地,loud大聲地readaloud(出聲地讀)

98.worth,worthy

二者均為值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone126.careabout,carefor

careabout關(guān)心,計較,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;carefor關(guān)心,照料,喜歡,愿意&<60;&<60;

Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.

127.catchacold,haveacold

catchacold不能和表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,而haveacold可以

Shehashadacoldforaweek.

128.changefor,changeinto

changefor調(diào)換成,changeinto變成

Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.

129.continue,last

二者均為持續(xù),continue主動,被動均可,last只能用主動

Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.

130.feed,raise

feed喂養(yǎng),養(yǎng)活,飼養(yǎng)(togivefoodto),raise飼養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamily

131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor

goforadoctor去請醫(yī)生,gotoadoctor去看病132.notice,observe,catchsightof

notice注意到,observe觀察,仔細(xì)地看,catchsightof突然看到observethestars

133.insiston,stickto

insiston堅(jiān)持要求,后常接doing,stickto堅(jiān)持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplan

134.look,seem,appear

look指從外表上看,seem指內(nèi)心的判斷,appear指給人以表面的印象appearwise,

looklikehisfather

135.gather,collect

gather把分散的東西集中到一起,collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集collectstamps

136.meantodo,meandoing

meantodo打算,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味著BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.

137.diefrom,dieof

diefrom表示死于(槍)傷,虛弱,過度勞累,飲食過度等,dieof表示死于疾病,饑餓,

寒冷,年老,憂愁,失戀等精神因素dieofhungerandcold

138.payfor,payback,payoff

payfor為…付錢,payback還錢,但不一定還清,payoff還清payforthebook,payoffthedebt

139.divide,separate

divide把一個整體分成幾部分,separate把連在一起的個體分開

dividetheapple,separateth

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