Unit-7-The-Glorious-Messiness-of-English市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課

Unit7

TheGloriousMessinessofEnglishRobertMacNeil1/33BackgroundInformationEnglish

isa

WestGermaniclanguage

thataroseinthe

Anglo-Saxon

n.盎格魯撒克遜人kingdomsof

England

andspreadintowhatwastobecomesouth-east

Scotland

undertheinfluenceofthe

Anglian

盎格魯方言

medievalkingdomofNorthumbria

n.諾林伯利亞（中世紀(jì)時(shí)在英國(guó)北方王國(guó)）.Followingtheeconomic,political,military,scientific,cultural,andcolonialinfluenceof

GreatBritain

andtheUnitedKingdomfromthe18thcentury,viathe

BritishEmpire,andoftheUnitedStatessincethemid-20thcentury,

ithasbeen

widelydispersedaroundtheworld,becomethe

leadinglanguage

ofinternationaldiscourse.2/3301.estimate

['estimeit]

n.估價(jià),預(yù)計(jì)v.預(yù)計(jì),估價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)例句:Heishighlyestimatedamonghiscolleagues.

同事們對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)很高。Theyestimatedthenumberofvisitorsat10million.

他們預(yù)計(jì)參觀者人數(shù)為1000萬(wàn)。3/3301.estimate

2

v

~sth(atsth)formanapproximateideaofsth;calculateroughlythecost,size,value,etcofsth預(yù)計(jì):Weestimatedhisincomeat/tobeabout8000ayear.我們預(yù)計(jì)他一年收入大約8000英鎊.*她預(yù)計(jì)這項(xiàng)工作需要三個(gè)月.Sheestimatedthattheworkwouldtakethreemonths.~forsthcalculatetheprobablepriceof(aspecifiedjob)估算（某項(xiàng)工作）費(fèi)用:Weaskedourbuildertoestimatefortherepairoftheceiling.我們要求營(yíng)造商估算一下修理天花板費(fèi)用.4/3302.hitparade流行歌曲排行榜

The

hitparadeisthelistofCDswhichhavesoldmostcopiesoverthepreviousweekormonth.(OLD-FASHIONED)

=chartsregionalprotectionism地方保護(hù)主義

Tradeprotectionism貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義FreeTradeandProtectionism自由貿(mào)易與保護(hù)主義5/3302.外來(lái)詞：loanword,foreignword,adoptedword,alienword外來(lái)詞，也稱為借詞或外來(lái)語(yǔ)，一個(gè)語(yǔ)言從別語(yǔ)言借來(lái)詞匯。漢語(yǔ)外來(lái)詞形式有音譯、音譯加表意、音譯與意譯結(jié)合、直接借用四種主要形式?？蓸?lè)(Coke)，沙發(fā)(Sofa)，隨身聽(tīng)(Walkman)，紐約(NewYork)，芭蕾(ballet)….6/3303.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.英語(yǔ)就是這么一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大雜燴。7/3305.arouse

/??rauz;?ˋra?z/v~sb(fromsth)wakesbfromsleep喚醒某人:Hewasarousedfromhisnapbythedoorbell.他午睡時(shí)被門鈴吵醒.~cause(sth)toappear;awaken引發(fā)（某事物）;激發(fā):Herstrangebehaviourarousedoursuspicions.她不尋常舉動(dòng)引發(fā)我們猜疑..~sb(from/outofsth)causesbtobecomeactive鼓動(dòng)﹑勉勵(lì)﹑激勵(lì)某人:arousesbfromapathy,inactivity,etc

勉勵(lì)某人活躍起來(lái)﹑活動(dòng)起來(lái)等8/3305.stir

1

/st??(r);st?/v(-rr-)~sth(withsth)攪動(dòng),攪和,攪拌（液體等）:stirone'steawithaspoon用匙攪動(dòng)茶~sthintosth;~sthin用攪拌方法將某物攙入另一物中:stirmilkintoacakemixture把牛奶攪和到做蛋糕混合料中(causesthto)moveslightly（使某物）微動(dòng):Notaleafwasstirring,ieTherewasnowindtomovetheleaves.樹(shù)葉一動(dòng)都不動(dòng)（無(wú)風(fēng)）.

~sb(tosth)激勵(lì),勉勵(lì)（某人）;激發(fā)（某人感情等）:Thestorystirredtheboy'simagination.那故事引發(fā)了那男孩幻想.(informalderogatory口,貶)causetroublebetweenpeople(espbytellinguntruestories,gossiping,etc)搬弄是非（尤指以不實(shí)之詞﹑流言蜚語(yǔ)等）:Who'sbeenstirring?

是誰(shuí)搬弄是非?(idm習(xí)語(yǔ))stirone's/the`bloodrousesbtoexcitementorenthusiasm使某人血液沸騰;使某人激動(dòng)或興奮:Themusicreallystirredmyblood.這音樂(lè)確實(shí)使我非常激動(dòng).(phrv)stirsbup

rousesbtoaction鼓動(dòng)某人采取行動(dòng):Heneedsstirringup.他需要勉勵(lì).stirsthupcause(trouble,etc)惹起（麻煩等）:stiruptrouble,unrest,discontent,etcamongtheworkers

在工人中挑起事端﹑煽起動(dòng)蕩﹑激起不滿情緒等9/3305.stirrer

n(infmlderog口,貶)經(jīng)常搬弄是非人;搗亂分子.

stirring

adj[通常作定語(yǔ)]veryexciting令人興奮;激感人心:stirringadventurestories

扣人心弦冒險(xiǎn)故事.

stirringlyadv.

#`stir-fryv(pt,pp-fried)cook(vegetables,meat,etc)byfryingthemforashorttimeinveryhotoilwhilestirringthem（用旺火）快炒（蔬菜﹑肉等）.norientaldishmadeinthisway（東方式）炒菜.stir

2

n(idm習(xí)語(yǔ))instir(sl俚)inprison坐牢.10/3306.foreffect：做樣子,為了給人良好印象,裝門面；為得到效果11/3307.invade

/?n?ve?d;?nˋved/v~(sth)(withsth)enter(acountryorterritory)witharmedforcesinordertoattack,damageoroccupyit武裝進(jìn)入（一國(guó)或一領(lǐng)地）;侵犯;侵入;侵略:Heorderedthearmytoinvadeatdawn.他命令軍隊(duì)拂曉侵入該國(guó).AlexandertheGreatinvadedIndiawithalargearmy.亞歷山大大帝曾率領(lǐng)大軍入侵印度.尤用於被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

(fig比喻)enter(sth)inlargenumbers,espsoastocausedamage;crowdinto涌入（某事物）（尤指為破壞）;侵襲:Thecancercellsmayinvadeotherpartsofthebody.癌細(xì)胞可能侵襲身體其它部分.acityinvadedbytourists游客大批涌入城市amindinvadedwithworries,anxieties,etc

充滿煩惱﹑焦慮等心境.interferewith(sth);intrudeon干擾（某事物）;侵?jǐn)_:invadesb'srights,privacy,etc

侵犯某人權(quán)利﹑隱私權(quán)等.invadernpersonorthingthatinvades侵入人或物;武裝進(jìn)入者;侵犯者.12/3307.B.C.abbr.公元前（BeforeChrist）；中心間距（BetweenCenters）；化學(xué)學(xué)士（BachelorofChemistry）；商學(xué)士（BachelorofCommerce）A.D.

['ei'di:]

abbr.<拉>公元(=AnnoDomini）13/3307.Celt

[selt]

n.凱爾特人(印歐民族一支)inhabit

[in'h?bit]

v.居住于,占據(jù),棲息例句:Fishinhabitthesea.

魚(yú)棲息于海中。Onlyafewpeopleinhabitedtheisland.

只有少數(shù)人在這個(gè)島上居住。14/3308.Sanskrit['s?nskrit]Sanskritn.梵語(yǔ)adj.梵語(yǔ)BuddhistSanskrit：佛教梵語(yǔ)；佛教梵文ClassicalSanskrit：古典梵語(yǔ)；古典梵文descended

[di'sendid]

descendedfrom~adj.為...后代,出身于...動(dòng)詞descend過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式例句:Thesundescendedbehindthehills.

太陽(yáng)下山了。Adoubleblessinghasdescendeduponthehouse.雙喜臨門。15/3308.Asystematicstudyrevealedthatmanymodernlanguagesdescendedfromacommon

parent

language,losttousbecausenothingwaswrittendown.系統(tǒng)研究揭示,許各種當(dāng)代語(yǔ)言來(lái)自同一母語(yǔ),這種語(yǔ)言因無(wú)文字記載而失傳。16/3309.comeupwithIfyoucomeupwithaplanoridea,youthinkofitandsuggestit.想出計(jì)劃，提出計(jì)劃Severalofthemembershavecomeupwithsuggestionsoftheirown...很多組員都提出了自己計(jì)劃…Ifyoucomeupwithasumofmoney,youmanagetoproduceitwhenitisneeded.提供錢財(cái)IfWarrencancomeupwiththe$15million,we'llgotoLondon.假如華倫能拿出一千五百萬(wàn)元，咱就去倫敦。17/3309.Indo-Europeanlanguage

印歐語(yǔ)drift

[drift]

vi.漂流,漂移,吹積,漂泊,偏離vt.使漂流,使堆積n.漂流,趨勢(shì),漂泊,大意,要旨,聽(tīng)任,[地]冰磧,水平巷道例句:Shefinallydriftedintwohoursaftereveryoneelse.

在大家到齊之後兩小時(shí)，她終於姍姍來(lái)到。Atinyfishingboatwasdriftingslowlyalong.

一只小小漁船在緩緩地漂去。Theroadwasedgedwithsnowdrifts.

路邊上有一個(gè)個(gè)雪堆。driftedapart~漸漸疏遠(yuǎn)18/3312.disciple

[di'saipl]

n.弟子,門徒,信徒例句:HeisadevoutdiscipleoftheBuddhas.

他是佛教一名虔誠(chéng)信徒。Wearedisciplesoftheartisticleader.

我們是那位藝術(shù)領(lǐng)袖追隨者。19/3312.martyr

['mɑ:t?]

n.烈士,殉道者,(因病等)長(zhǎng)久受苦者vt.殺害,折磨例句:HewasmartyredbytheRomans.

他被羅馬人處死而成為殉道者。Shediedamartyrforliberty.

她為自由而捐軀。~tosth(infml口)constantsuffererfromsth長(zhǎng)久受某物之苦:She‘samartyrtoheartdiseases.她長(zhǎng)久受心臟病折磨.

20/3313.Viking

['vaiki?]

n.北歐海盜,斯堪納維亞人Scandinavia

[.sk?ndi'neivi?]

n.斯堪納維亞（北歐地名）OldNorse

n.古斯堪那維亞語(yǔ)21/3313.ButOldNorseandEnglishbothsurvived,andsoyoucanrearachild(English)orraiseachild(Norse).但北歐語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)都留存下來(lái)了,所以養(yǎng)孩子既可用英語(yǔ)詞rear又可用北歐語(yǔ)詞raise。rear[ri?]vt.培養(yǎng)；樹(shù)立；栽種vi.暴跳；高聳adv.在后面；向后adj.后面；[軍]后方；后面n.后面；[美俚]屁股；后方部隊(duì)22/3314.Norman

['n?:m?n]

n.諾曼(男子名)n.法國(guó)諾曼底人,諾曼底語(yǔ)adj.諾曼底,諾曼底人(語(yǔ))例句:ThischurchisafineexampleofNormanarchitecture.

這座教堂是經(jīng)典諾曼式建筑。23/3314.sovereign

['s?vrin]

n.元首,金鎊adj.含有主權(quán),至高無(wú)上,極好例句:Noearthlysovereigncandowhathepleases.

沒(méi)有一個(gè)世間君王能夠?yàn)樗麨?。SultanissovereignrulerofcertainMuslimcountries.

蘇丹是一些穆斯林國(guó)家最高統(tǒng)治者。Thepapalauthorityissovereign.

羅馬教皇權(quán)力是至高無(wú)上。24/3315.WilliamCaxton

(ca.1415~1422–ca.March1492)wasanEnglishmerchant,

diplomat,

writer

and

printer.Asfarasisknown,hewasthefirstEnglishpersontoworkasaprinterandthefirsttointroducea

printingpress

intoEngland.HewasalsothefirstEnglishretailerofprintedbooks(hisLondoncontemporariesinthesametradewereallDutch,GermanorFrench).

（威廉?卡克斯頓；1422～1491）英國(guó)第一個(gè)印刷商，在莎士比亞之前對(duì)英語(yǔ)影響最大人。到1491年逝世時(shí)，他出版了約100本書，其中有24本是他自己譯作。他印刷書中其中也包含《坎特伯雷故事集》、《特洛伊勒斯與克里希達(dá)》、《羅賓漢故事小唱》和馬洛里《亞瑟王之死》。25/3315.springfrom

起源于例句:Heissprungfromnobleancestors.

他出身名門。Whereonearthdidyouspringfrom?

你是打哪兒冒出來(lái)?Springup快速生長(zhǎng)26/33pouronto：涌到...上，把…淋到…上pouronto大量地飲酒drinkdeep...pouroilontotheflame：火上澆油pourout

傾訴，傾吐，傾瀉pouroutinto傾注27/3315.capsule

[?k?psju:l]n.膠囊(劑)；航天艙，密封艙

habitual

adj[attrib作定語(yǔ)]regular;usual慣常;通常:hishabitualplaceatthetable

他慣常坐在桌旁位子.doneconstantlyorasahabit經(jīng)常做;習(xí)認(rèn)為常:theirhabitualmoaning

他們那經(jīng)常不停呻吟.habitually/-t?u?l?;-t???l?/advusually;regularly通常地;Tomishabituallylateforschool.湯姆上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到.28/33catastrophe

/k??t?str?f?;k?ˋt?str?f?/nsuddengreatdisasterormisfortune突如其來(lái)大災(zāi)難或大災(zāi)禍:Theearthquakewasaterriblecatastrophe.這次地震是可怕災(zāi)難.catastrophic/?k?t??str?f?k;?k?t?ˋstr