統(tǒng)考版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)選修7Unit21HumanBiology課時提能練含解析北師大版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGE1-課時提能練(四十一)選修7Unit21HumanBiology(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·桂林模擬)WhenwomensittogethertowatchamovieonTV,theyusuallytalksimultaneously(同時的)aboutavarietyofsubjects,includingchildren,men,careersandwhat'shappeningintheirlives.Whengroupsofmenandwomenwatchamovietogether,themenusuallyenduptellingthewomentoshutup.Mencaneithertalkorwatchthescreen—theycan'tdoboth—andtheydon'tunderstandthatwomencan.Besides,womenconsiderthatthepointofallgettingtogetheristohaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationships—notjusttosittherelikecouchpotatoesstaringatthescreen.Duringtheadbreaks,amanoftenasksawomantoexplaintheplotandtellhimwheretherelationshipbetweenthecharactersisgoing.Heisunable,unlikewomen,toreadthesubtlebodylanguagesignalsthatrevealhowthecharactersarefeelingemotionally.Sincewomenoriginallyspenttheirdayswiththeotherwomenandchildreninthegroup,theydevelopedtheabilitytocommunicatesuccessfullyinordertomaintainrelationships.Forawoman,speechcontinuestohavesuchaclearpurpose:tobuildrelationshipsandmakefriends.Formen,totalkistorelatethefacts.Menseethetelephoneasacommunicationtoolforsendingfactsandinformationtootherpeople,butawomanseesitasameansofbonding.Awomancanspendtwoweeksonvacationwithhergirlfriendand,whenshereturnshome,telephonethesamegirlfriendandtalkforanothertwohours.Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatsocialconditioning,thefactthatgirls'motherstalkedthemmore,isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys.PsychiatristDrMichaelLewis,authorofSocialBehaviourandLanguageAcquisition,conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalkedtoandlookedat,babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys.Scientificevidenceshowsparentsrespondtothebrainbiasoftheirchildren.Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech，wethereforetalktothemmore.Consequently,motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointedtoreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply.〖語篇解讀〗這是一篇說明文。短文從男女看電視的反應(yīng)開始談男女注意力、性格等差異，進而說明女人愛聊天的原因，作者還從生理學(xué)角度剖析了女人喜歡聊天的生理因素。1．WhilewatchingTVwithothers,womenusuallytalkalotbecausethey________.A．a(chǎn)reafraidofawkwardsilencewiththeirfamiliesandfriendsB．canbothtalkandwatchthescreenatthesametimeC．thinktheycanhaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationshipsD．havetoexplaintheplotandbodylanguagetotheirhusbandsC〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Besides,womenconsiderthatthepointofallgettingtogetheristohaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationships—notjusttosittherelikecouchpotatoesstaringatthescreen.”可知，此外，女性認(rèn)為所有人聚在一起的目的是為了玩得開心，發(fā)展關(guān)系——而不是像電視迷那樣坐在那里盯著屏幕。所以女人們會談?wù)撌且驗樗齻冇X得這樣可以很愉快并且同時能搞好關(guān)系。故選C。〗2．Afteravacationwithhergirlfriend,awomanwouldtalktoheragainonthephoneforhoursinorderto________.A．experiencethehappytimeagainB．keepaclosetiewithherC．recommendheranewscenicspotD．remindherofsomethingforgottenB〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Menseethetelephoneasacommunicationtoolforsendingfactsandinformationtootherpeople,butawomanseesitasameansofbonding.”可知，男人把電話看作是向別人傳遞事實和信息的一種交流工具，而女人則把電話看作是聯(lián)系感情的一種方式，她是想要借此來維持兩人之間緊密的關(guān)系。所以和女性朋友度假后，一個女人會再和她通幾個小時的電話，以便和她保持密切聯(lián)系。故選B。〗3．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?A．Women'sbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunication.B．Womenlovetotalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen.C．Mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts.D．Socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking.A〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech,wethereforetalktothemmore.”可知，由于女孩的大腦更有組織地發(fā)送和接收語言信息，因此我們會更多地與她們交談。由此判斷出女性的大腦更適合語言和交流。故選A。〗4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WomenAreSociallyTrainedtoTalkB．TalkingMaintainsRelationshipsC．WomenLovetoTalkD．MenTalkDifferentlyfromWomenC〖主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，短文從男女看電視的反應(yīng)開始談男女注意力、性格等差異，進而說明女人愛聊天的原因，作者還從生理學(xué)角度剖析了女人喜歡聊天的生理因素。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“女人喜歡聊天”，故選C?！紹(2020·崇左二次摸底)Notallbademotions(情感)arenecessarilybad.Infact,theycandirectyourbehaviorinusefulways.Ifyou'restuckintraffic,angerwiththesituationmightmotivateyoutofindanalternativeroute(線路),whichwillthenrelieveyourstress.Butangerislessusefulifyou'reinthesamesituation,butstuckonamotorwaywithnooptiontoalterdirections.Emotionshavephysiologicaleffects,suchasraisingthelevelofcortisolinyourbloodstream,whichcanaffectyourhealth.Indeed,anewstudy,publishedinPsychologyandAging,showsthathighlevelsofangerareassociatedwithpoorhealthinolderpeople.TheCanadianstudydidthestudyon226adultsaged59－93.Theytookbloodsamplestoassesslevelsofchronic(慢性的)low-gradeinflammation(炎癥)andaskedtheparticipantstoreportanyage-relatedchronicillnessestheymighthave.Theparticipantsalsocompletedashortquestionnaireaboutthelevelofangerorsadnesstheyexperiencedinthreetypicaldaysoveraone-weekperiod.Fortheanalysis,theresearchersconsideredwhetheragecouldaffecttheresults.Theyfoundthathigherlevelsofangerwereassociatedwithinflammationandillhealthintheoldestparticipants(aged80andabove),butnottheyoungestones(59－79years).Sadnesswasnotassociatedwithinflammationorillhealthineitheragegroup.Thestudyiscross-sectional,meaningthatitassessedagroupofpeopleatasinglepointintime.Togetafullerunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbademotionsandhealth,weneedstudiesthatfollowparticipantsforaperiodoftime—so-calledprospectiveobservationstudies.Futurestudiesshouldalsotakeintoaccountotherfactorsthatmightrelate,suchasotheremotions,stressandpersonality.Althoughthisnewresearchshowsalinkbetweenemotionandhealthinolderage,wedonotknowwhetherangercausesinflammationandillnessorwhetherhealthproblemsmakepeopleangrier.〖語篇解讀〗本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，不是所有的負(fù)面情緒都是糟糕的，然而就老年人來說，憤怒有時會影響健康。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph1mean?A．Change. B．Control.C．Measure. D．Operate.A〖詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前句“Ifyou'restuckintraffic,angerwiththesituationmightmotivateyoutofindanalternativeroute(線路),whichwillthenrelieveyourstress.(如果你被困在交通堵塞中，對這種情況的憤怒可能會促使你去尋找另一條路線，這將會減輕你的壓力。)”提到對處境的怒火會激發(fā)我們找替代路線。再根據(jù)劃線詞所在句意“但是如果你處于同一處境，卡在高速公路沒有其他的辦法________路線時，憤怒就不會那么有用了”可知alter應(yīng)該意為：尋找替代路線，更換，劃線詞與Change意思一致。故選A?！?．Whywereparticipantstakenbloodsamples?A．Toanalyzetheirlevelsofhealth.B．Tofillintheformofquestionnaires.C．Toknowthelevelsofsomeinflammation.D．Tocomparethechangeofangerinthreedays.C〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theytookbloodsamplestoassesslevelsofchronic(慢性的)low-gradeinflammation(炎癥)andaskedtheparticipantstoreportanyage-relatedchronicillnessestheymighthave.”可知，他們采集了血樣來評估慢性低度炎癥的程度，并要求參與者報告他們可能患有的任何與年齡有關(guān)的慢性疾病。由此可知，抽取血樣是為了了解某種炎癥的程度。故選C?！?．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Angeristhegreatestdangertohealth.B．Theinfluenceofangeronillnessisunclear.C．Peopleinpoorhealthareeasytogetangry.D．Evidenceisneededtoprovetheeffectofhealth.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Althoughthisnewresearchshowsalinkbetweenemotionandhealthinolderage,wedonotknowwhetherangercausesinflammationandillnessorwhetherhealthproblemsmakepeopleangrier.”可知，盡管這項新研究顯示了情緒與老年健康之間的聯(lián)系，但我們不知道憤怒是否會導(dǎo)致炎癥和疾病，還是健康問題會讓人更加憤怒。由此可知，憤怒對疾病的影響到目前還是不確定的。故選B?！?．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AdjustingOurEmotionsIsNecessaryB．BadEmotionsAffectPeople'sFeelingsC．NewConclusionsMakePeopleAmazedD．AngerIsLinkedtoIllnessinOldAgeD〖主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了憤怒與老年人的疾病有關(guān)，如實驗結(jié)果的由來、實施過程等，故D選項AngerIsLinkedtoIllnessinOldAge(憤怒與年老時的疾病有關(guān))適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。〗Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·曲師大附中模擬)Iwillneverforgetonesummerinmychildhood.Whilewalkingintheattic(閣樓),Isteppedonsomethingand__1__down,withmyhandlandingonafloorboardthatpoppedupandalmosthitmyhead.WhenI__2__andlookedinsidetheopenspace,Icouldnotbelievemyeyes:Therewasgoldinthere!I__3__ahandfulofshininggoldcubes,rantothebottomstairand__4__，“Mama,Ifoundgoldupthereunderthefloor！”BackupthestairsIdashed,__5__mybrothersalmostknockedmedownastheyranrightbyme.WhenMamaopenedthedoorand__6__herheadin,she__7__said,“Honey,that'sinsulation(隔熱材料).Nowputitallback.”Ifeltreallydisappointed.IhadthoughtImadeareal__8__.WhenI__9__insidetoputthefakegoldback，myhandtouchedwhatfeltlikeabook.Ipulleditout.Itwasoldandsmall：Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotations，whichI'dneverheardof.And__10__Iwasbored,Idecidedtoseewhatwasinsidethislittlebook.Tomy__11__，itwasabookofpassages,phrasesandproverbs,andIcouldtellthatthiswasgoingtobe__12__.SoIspentquitemuchtimeonitandfound__13__inthesepages.AsIdidn'tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly,Ioften__14__totalkaboutthem.Thisbookhelpedme__15__thatIdidn'tneedtofeelashamedor__16__，becauseotherpeoplehadsimilarexperiences.WhenIwenttocollege,Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotationscamewithme.Overtheyears,I'vekeptmyoriginal__17__，whichtothisdayIoften__18__.Althoughitwasa__19__tofindthebook,itliberatedmeinaway.Ithelpedmeseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartwereabletounderstand.Thebookdiscoveredunderthosefloorboardswas，__20__，gold.〖語篇解讀〗作者童年時期在閣樓意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了Bartlett'sFamiliarQuotations這本書，被其中的內(nèi)容吸引，并且收獲良多。1．A.slowed B．calmedC．looked D．fellD〖考查動詞。根據(jù)前文中的“Isteppedonsomething”及后文中的“withmyhandlandingonafloorboard”可推知，作者踩住了某個東西“摔倒”了。fall意為“跌倒”，符合語境?！?．A.bentover B．showedupC．laydown D．brokeinA〖考查動詞短語。根據(jù)上文可知，地板翹了起來(差點打到頭)，于是作者“俯下身”去看，發(fā)現(xiàn)地板下面有金子。bendover意為“俯身”，符合語境。showup出現(xiàn)；liedown躺下；breakin強行進入，打斷。〗3．A.stole B．producedC．seized D．hidC〖考查動詞。根據(jù)后文中的“handful”以及“toputthefakegoldback”可推知，作者當(dāng)時“抓”了一把金塊，朝樓下跑去，seize意為“抓取”。stole為steal的過去式，意為“偷”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)”；hide意為“隱藏”?！?．A.yelled B．sighedC．a(chǎn)dmitted D．complainedA〖考查動詞。根據(jù)后文中的“Mama，Ifoundgold”可知，作者當(dāng)時非常興奮，所以會“大喊”，yell意為“大喊”。sigh嘆息；admit承認(rèn)；complain抱怨?！?．A.or B．soC．but D．forC〖考查連詞。根據(jù)空后的“mybrothersalmostknockedmedownastheyranrightbyme”可推知，作者的哥哥們也想沖到閣樓上看“金子”，作者告訴完母親沖回閣樓，“但是”途中差點被哥哥們撞倒，空格前后兩部分應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。〗6．A.nodded B．stuckC．lowered D．liftedB〖考查動詞。根據(jù)空后的“herheadin”可知，母親把門打開，把頭“伸”了進去，發(fā)現(xiàn)那只是隔熱材料。stick意為“放置”，stickherheadin表示母親將頭伸進去。nod點頭；lower把……放低；lift舉起?！?．A.simply B．thoughtfullyC．honestly D．a(chǎn)ngrilyA〖考查副詞。根據(jù)后文中的“Honey，that'sinsulation(隔熱材料)．Nowputitallback.”可知，母親僅僅說它是隔熱材料，并讓作者將“金子”放回去。simply僅僅，只；thoughtfully深思熟慮地；honestly誠實地；angrily生氣地。〗8．A.difference B．choiceC．mistake D．discoveryD〖考查名詞。根據(jù)前文中的“Ifoundgoldupthereunderthefloor”可知，作者當(dāng)時真的以為自己有了新的“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，但當(dāng)被告知不是金子的時候，作者自然很失望。〗9．A.sat B．slidC．reached D．walkedC〖考查動詞。根據(jù)下文中的“myhandtouchedwhatfeltlikeabook”可知，作者將手伸進去，將“假金子”放了回去，故選reach“伸手”。slid為slide的過去式，意為“滑動”。〗10．A.until B．nowthatC．unless D．sothatB〖考查連詞。根據(jù)前文中的“whichI'dneverheardof”及空后的“Iwasbored”可知，作者從來沒有聽說過這本書，又“由于”感到無聊，所以決定看看書中的內(nèi)容。nowthat既然，由于(＝since/inthat)?！?1．A.surprise B．regretC．relief D．disappointmentA〖考查名詞。根據(jù)下文中的“SoIspentquitemuchtimeonit”可知，讓作者感到“意外”的是，這本書里面有很多文段、短語和諺語，并且作者斷定這本書將會“有趣”。toone'ssurprise令某人意外的是；toone'srelief使某人感到輕松的是?！?2．A.absurd B．controversialC．boring D．interestingD〖考查形容詞。參見上題〖解析〗。absurd荒謬的；controversial有爭議的?！?3．A.sympathy B．comfortC．honor D．doubtB〖考查名詞。根據(jù)前文中的“Ispentquitemuchtimeonit”及“Iwasbored”可知，當(dāng)時因為有了這本書，作者乏味的生活有了一些“安慰”。sympathy同情；comfort慰藉，安慰；honor榮譽；doubt懷疑?！?4．A.tended B．offeredC．managed D．hesitatedD〖考查動詞。根據(jù)前文中的“Ididn'tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly”可知，因為作者不知道如何清楚地表達事物，所以在談及它們的時候經(jīng)常“遲疑”。tendtodo往往會做，傾向于做；offertodo主動提出做；managetodo勉力完成；hesitatetodo遲疑做，不愿意做。〗15．A.expect B．rememberC．realize D．imagineC〖考查動詞。根據(jù)后文中的“Ididn'tneedtofeelashamed”以及語境可知，這本書讓作者“意識到”，當(dāng)自己表達不好的時候，不需要感到羞愧或“尷尬”，因為其他人也有相似的經(jīng)歷?！?6．A.embarrassed B．satisfiedC．a(chǎn)stonished D．tiredA〖考查形容詞。參見上題〖解析〗。embarrassed尷尬的；satisfied滿意的；astonished感到十分驚訝的；tired疲勞的?！?7．A.mind B．copyC．plan D．fileB〖考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“original”以及語境可推知，多年來，作者一直保存著自己當(dāng)年發(fā)現(xiàn)的那本書，copy在文中意為“一本，一冊”。originalcopy表示“原本，原件”?！?8．A.putaway B．showoffC．referto D．pickupC〖考查動詞短語。根據(jù)前文作者一直留著這本書，再結(jié)合語境和常識可推知，作者至今還一直在“參考”這本書。putaway將……收起來；showoff炫耀；referto查閱，參考，征詢；pickup撿起?！?9．A.dilemma B．disasterC．pity D．coincidenceD〖考查名詞。根據(jù)前文可知，作者當(dāng)時發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書純屬“巧合”，但即便是巧合，這本書卻在某種程度上(心靈、思想方面)解放了作者。dilemma困境；disaster災(zāi)難；pity遺憾；coincidence巧合?！?0．A.still B．indeedC．normally D．hopefullyB〖考查副詞。根據(jù)上文中的“Ithelpedmeseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartwereabletounderstand”可知，這本書讓作者的思想和心靈得到解放，對作者而言“的確”是金子。〗課時提能練(四十二)選修7Unit21HumanBiology(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·武漢網(wǎng)考)Sincewearesocialbeings，thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletodealwithmajorlifechangesanddailydifficulties.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses，fromdepressiontoheartdisease，showthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeopleprotectthemselvesfromillness，andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First，friends，relatives，andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second，otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustoexplainandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third，wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting(轉(zhuǎn)移……注意力)usfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally，otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport-financialaid，materialresources，andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingussolveanddealwithourproblems.〖語篇解讀〗這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我們是社會性的動物，所以我們的生活質(zhì)量很大程度上取決于人際關(guān)系，并從四個方面闡述了人際關(guān)系對我們的好處。1．Researchshowsthatpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealthhasmuchtodowith________.A．thesocialmedicalsystemB．theamountofsupporttheygetfromothersC．theirstrengthfordealingwithinterpersonaltiesD．theirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroublesC〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.(有牢固社會關(guān)系的人比沒有的人壽命更長，健康狀況更好。)”可知，人的心理和身體的健康狀況和人們的社會關(guān)系有關(guān)，即他們處理人際關(guān)系的能力。故選C項。〗2．Theunderlinedword“cushions”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．a(chǎn)ddsuptoB．lessenstheeffectofC．doesawaywithD．laysthefoundationforB〖詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.”可知，社會支持用多種方式________壓力。首先，朋友、親人和同事會讓我們知道他們重視我們。當(dāng)我們感到被別人接受時，我們的自尊心就會增強，盡管我們有缺點和錯誤。根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是value和strengthen，以及accepted可推測劃線部分的意思是“緩解/降低”。故選B項。〗3．Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat________.A．ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelativesB．itenablesustogetridofourfaultsandmistakesC．itmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyableD．itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroublesD〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting(轉(zhuǎn)移……注意力)usfromourworriesandtroubles.(我們通常認(rèn)為社會交往是有益的。和他人一起從事休閑活動幫助我們滿足我們的社會需求，同時轉(zhuǎn)移我們憂慮和煩惱的注意力。)”可知，社交陪伴可以轉(zhuǎn)移我們憂慮和煩惱的注意力。故選D項。〗B(2020·宜昌聯(lián)考)ThenumberofsnowgeesearrivingintheArcticeachspringtobreedhasrisenoverthepastfewdecades.Atfirst,wildlifebiologistssawthisasanenvironmentalcrisis,pointingtomarshes(沼澤地)whereplantswereeatenbythehungrybirds,andthefederalgovernmentrespondedbylooseningrestrictionsonsnowgoosehuntingacrossthecountry.ButhowdotheInuit(因紐特人)，inwhosebackyardthisistakingplace,andforwhomfreshgooseeggsandmeatareamongthepleasureofanArcticspring,viewthesituation?ArecentstudyisbringingInuitwildlifeexpertsandscientiststogethertolookforcommongroundonmanagingthespecies.ThesnowgoosestudyaskedexpertsinCoralHarbourandArviat,onthenorthandwestcoastofHudsonBay,tosharetheirgenerationsofknowledgeaboutsnowgeeseandtheirviewsonwhatshouldbedone.“Thecommunityhadconcernsaboutcontrollingthepopulation，”saysRonNingeongan,acommunityofficerfortheKivalliqInuitAssociationinCoralHarbour,“andInuitsnowgooseknowledgehadneverbeenrecorded.Peoplewantedtopassonwhattheyknew.”TheInuitexpertsrejectedtheideaofacull(選擇性宰殺)，consideringitwastefulofthegeeseandunnecessaryfortheenvironmentingeneral,butfeltthathuntingmoregeeseinanorganizedway—forinstance,payinglocalhuntersaminimumamountofmoneyanddistributingthebirdstodisadvantagedfamiliesoroperatingalimitedcommercialhuntthatwouldemploylocalpeople—wouldbeappropriate.TheInuitsaythatwhiletheremaybetoomanysnowgeeseinsomeareas,it'snotacrisis.Biologistsnowgenerallyagreethatthereseemtobeplentyofundamagedmarshesavailableandnewerresearchshowsthatsomedamagedareascanrecover.Conservationplannersforthethreemigratorybirdreservesintheareawillusethestudy'srecommendations,whichisanexcellentexampleofhowindigenous(土著的)knowledgecanstrengthenwildlifemanagementJohnsonsays.“NowthatwehaverecordedanddocumentedInuitknowledgeofsnowgeese，”saysNingeongan.“whenfacingthecrisisagain,otherpeoplewillbeabletousetheinformationtohelpmanagethespecies,whichisfundamentaltodealingwithiteffectively.”〖語篇解讀〗這是一篇說明文。文章介紹獵獲雪雁給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來的危機以及因紐特人是如何加強野生動物管理的。4．Whydidthefederalgovernmentloosenrestrictionsonsnowgoosehunting?A．Tocreatemoremarshes.B．Toprotectecosystem.C．Tomakemoreprofits.D．Towipeoutthehungrybirds.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“wildlifebiologistssawthisasanenvironmentalcrisis,pointingtomarshes(沼澤地)whereplantswereeatenbythehungrybirds,andthefederalgovernmentrespondedbylooseningrestrictionsonsnowgoosehunting(野生動物生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為這是一場環(huán)境危機，他們指出沼澤地里的植物被饑餓的鳥類吃掉了，聯(lián)邦政府對此的反應(yīng)是放松對獵雪雁的限制)”可知，聯(lián)邦政府要限制獵雪雁是為了保護生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B項?！?．WhichofthefollowingmightInuitwildlifeexpertsagreeon?A．Regardingtoomanysnowgeeseasacrisis.B．Neverorganizinglarge-scalecommercialhunts.C．Employingpoorfamiliestohuntmoresnowgeese.D．Usingsnowgoosehuntingtoman'sbestadvantage.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“huntingmoregeeseinanorganizedway—forinstance,payinglocalhuntersaminimumamountofmoneyanddistributingthebirdstodisadvantagedfamiliesoroperatingalimitedcommercialhuntthatwouldemploylocalpeople—wouldbeappropriate(以一種有組織的方式來獵殺更多的雪雁——例如，付給當(dāng)?shù)孬C人最少的錢，并將這些雪雁分配給貧困家庭，或者通過雇傭當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚磉M行有限的商業(yè)捕獵——都是合適的)”可知，因紐特野生動物專家會同意“利用雪雁狩獵為人類帶來最大的好處”。故選D項。〗6．Whatdobiologiststhinkaboutthemarshes'futureatpresent?A．It'sunpredictable.B．It'shardtogetbetter.C．It'stoodiscouraging.D．It'sabitpromising.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Biologistsnowgenerallyagreethatthereseemtobeplentyofundamagedmarshesavailableandnewerresearchshowsthatsomedamagedareascanrecover.(生物學(xué)家現(xiàn)在普遍認(rèn)為，似乎有大量未受損害的沼澤可以利用，最新的研究表明，一些受損地區(qū)可以恢復(fù)。)”可知，目前生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為沼澤的未來有點希望。故選D項。〗7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thecrisis.B．Thespecies.C．Inuitknowledge.D．Inuitresearch.A〖代詞指示題。根據(jù)文章首段中的“asanenvironmentalcrisis”，畫線詞it所在句子中提到的“whenfacingthecrisis”，再結(jié)合該詞前的dealingwith“處理”可知，it指代的是“危機”。故選A項?！舰?閱讀七選五(2020·鳳城第二次模擬)Everyoneisawarethattakinggoodcareofourbodiescanpreventmanymedicalproblemsfromoccurringlater.However,weoftenhavelessawarenessofpreventativeactionsweshouldtaketohelpwithmentalhealthproblems.Whileourmentalhealthmaybefinerightnow,manyofuswillstruggleatsomepoint.__1__It'simpossibletogetthroughlifewithoutchallenges,butourmentalhealthpreventionhabitscanhelpusgetthroughdifficulttimes.__2__Keepactive.Themoreactiveyouphysically,mentallyandsociallyare,thehigherthelevelofyourmentalwellnessislikelytobe.Sogoforwalksandlearnsomethingnew.Therearemanyotherwaystobeactive.__3__Beconnected.Regularinvolvementinsocialactivitieswithsupportivefriendsandfamilyimprovesyourabilitytohandledisappointments,andeverythingelselifethrowsatyou.__4__Butyoucanbeinvolvedinanymanner;evenvolunteeringforanorganizationcanhelpyoubemoresocial.__5__Thenatureoftheseactivitiesvarieswidelyfrompersontoperson.Thekeyistoidentifywhatgivesyourlifemeaning.Volunteering,coaching,teaching,etc.allcancontributetoincreasingyoursenseofconfidenceandsatisfactionwithlife.Manyactivitiescanaddressmorethanone.Thekeyistomakeaplanandstickwithit.Ifyouarealreadystruggling,begintopracticethesewaystohelpyourrecovery.A．Herearethreepracticalsteps.B．However,goodmentalhealthisimportant.C．Stresses,disappointmentsanddisastershappen.D．Overcomelife'schallengesbeforetheyhappen.E．Becommittedtoactivitiesthatgivelifemeaning.F．Thekeyistofindwhatkeepsyoumotivatedandinterested.G．Thiscanbedifficultwhenyoumovetoanewtownorasyougetolder.〖語篇解讀〗本文是一篇說明文。每個人都知道，照顧好我們的身體可以防止許多醫(yī)療問題的發(fā)生。生活中不可能沒有挑戰(zhàn)，但是我們的心理健康預(yù)防習(xí)慣可以幫助我們度過困難時期。文章介紹了三個實用的方式。1．C〖上文〖提示〗“雖然我們的心理健康現(xiàn)在可能很好，但我們中的許多人都會在某種情況下掙扎?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文〖提示〗“生活中不可能沒有挑戰(zhàn)，但是我們的心理健康預(yù)防習(xí)慣可以幫助我們度過困難時期。”承接上下文，C項Stresses,disappointmentsanddisastershappen.(壓力、失望和災(zāi)難總會發(fā)生。)承上啟下。故選C。〗2．A〖上文〖提示〗“生活中不可能沒有挑戰(zhàn)，但是我們的心理健康預(yù)防習(xí)慣可以幫助我們度過困難時期?！痹俑鶕?jù)下面三段內(nèi)容，A項Herearethreepracticalsteps.(這里有三個實用的步驟。)承上啟下。故選A。〗3．F〖上文〖提示〗“有很多其他的活躍方式?！背薪由衔模現(xiàn)項Thekeyistofindwhatkeepsyoumotivatedandinterested.(關(guān)鍵是找到讓你保持動力和興趣的東西。)切題。故選F。〗4．G〖上文〖提示〗“經(jīng)常和支持你的朋友和家人一起參加社交活動，可以提高你處理失望和生活中其他事情的能力?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文〖提示〗“但你可以以任何方式參與其中；即使是為一個組織做志愿者也能幫助你更加社會化。”承接上下文，G項Thiscanbedifficultwhenyoumovetoanewtownorasyougetolder.(當(dāng)你搬到一個新的城鎮(zhèn)或隨著年齡的增長，這可能會很困難。)切題。該項中的this指的是上文內(nèi)容；而下文中的But與該項構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選G。〗5．E〖下文〖提示〗“這些活動的性質(zhì)因人而異。”承接下文，E項Becommittedtoactivitiesthatgivelifemeaning.(致力于那些賦予生活意義的活動。)切題。故選E?！舰?語法填空(2020·黃岡沖刺卷)Chinaisconsideredthehomeoftea.ChineseteahadbeguntobeexportedtoJapanandKoreabeforetheTangDynasty(618－907).Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury,Chinesetea1.________(export)toEurope.TheteafromChinaisingreatabundanceandvariety.Totellifapotofteaisniceyoucanmainlyrely2.________thecolor,smell,tasteandform.OneofChina'ssixfamousteatypesiswhitetea,3.________getsitsnamefromitssilver-whitecolor.It4.________(be)mainlygrownandproducedinFujianandTaiwanprovinceswithalonghistory,datingbacktoNorthernSongDynasty(960－1127)inancientChina.Comparedwithothermajortypesoftea,itdistinguishesitselfby5.________(it)refreshinglysweettasteandbeautifulsilver-needle-likeshape,thus6.________(enjoy)greatpopularityamongtea7.________(drink).Inaddition,thelongeritispreserved,thebetterhealth-buildingeffectsithas.8.________(amazing),ithasbeenprovedthatifdrunkregularly,whiteteawillgreatlybenefitpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth.Thisisbecauseitcannotonlyprotectpeoplefrombeing9.________(strike)bysomecommondiseases,10.________alsocaneffectivelyrelievesymptoms.〖語篇解讀〗這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國的茶歷史，以及中國六大名茶之一的白茶和白茶有益健康。1．wasexported〖考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：17世紀(jì)初期，中國的茶葉出口到歐洲。本句中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動，且根據(jù)上文“Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時，主語為tea，故填wasexported?！?．on〖考查固定短語。句意：要判斷一壺茶好不好，主要看它的色、香、味、形。固定短語relyon“依賴；依靠”，故填on?！?．which〖考查定語從句。句意：中國六大名茶之一的白茶，因其銀白色而得名。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞whitetea，且先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，故填which?！?．is〖考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：它主要生長在福建和臺灣地區(qū)，歷史悠久，可以追溯到中國古代北宋(960－1127)。根據(jù)下文“grownandproduced”可知為被動語態(tài)，且描述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為it，故填is。〗5．its〖考查代詞。句意：與其他主要品種的茶葉相比，它的特點是清甜可口，形狀像銀針，深受飲茶者的喜愛。此處修飾名詞短語sweettaste應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。〗6．enjoying〖考查非謂語動詞。本句中兩個句子的主語為同一主語故可用thus/thereby＋-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)引導(dǎo)短語，作結(jié)果狀語，前面句子表示原因，后面的分詞短語表示結(jié)果，故填enjoying。〗7．drinkers〖考查名詞的數(shù)。結(jié)合句意可知表示“飲茶者”應(yīng)用drinker。且drinker為可數(shù)名詞，此處數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填drinkers?！?．Amazingly〖考查副詞。句意：令人驚訝的是，事實證明，經(jīng)常喝白茶對人的身心健康大有裨益。修飾下文整個句子應(yīng)用副詞，故填A(yù)mazingly?！?．struck/stricken〖考查非謂語動詞。句意：這是因為它不僅可以保護人們免受一些常見疾病的侵襲，還可以有效緩解癥狀。strike在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成被動，且結(jié)合上文frombeing可知為beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)，故填struck/stricken?！?0．but〖考查固定句式。固定句式notonly...butalso...“不僅……而且……”，故填but。〗Ⅳ.短文改錯(2020·北海模擬)Onecoldeveningduringtheholidayseason,alittleboyaboutsixorsevenwasstandinginthefrontofastorewindow.Thelittlechildhadnoshoesandhisclothesarejustrags.Ayoungwomanpassesbysawthelittleboyandcouldreadthedesireinhispaleblueeyes.Shetookthechildbythehandandledhimintothestore.Theresheboughthersomenewshoesandacompletesuitofwarmlyclothing.Theywalkedbackintothestreet,sothewomantoldthechildtogohomeandhasahappyholiday.ThelittleboylookedherandaskedhowshewasGod.Shesmiledandrepliedthatshewasjustoneofhischild.〖〖答案〗〗Onecoldeveningduringtheholidayseason,alittleboyaboutsixorsevenwasstandingineq\o(the,＼)frontofastorewindow.Thelittlechildhadnoshoesandhisclotheseq\f(are,were)justrags.Ayoungwomaneq\f(passes,passing)bysawthelittleboyandcouldreadthedesireinhispaleblueeyes.Shetookthechildbythehandandledhimintothestore.Theresheboughteq\f(her,him)somenewshoesandacompletesuitofeq\f(warmly,warm)clothing.Theywalkedbackintothestreet,eq\f(so,and)thewomantoldthechildtogohomeandeq\f(has,have)ahappyholiday.Thelittleboylookedeq\o(∧,\s\do14(at))herandaskedeq\f(how,whether)shewasGod.Shesmiledandrepliedthatshewasjustoneofhiseq\f(child,children).Ⅴ.書面表達(2020·臨沂診斷性考試)假定你是李華，外教Smith先生下周即將來你班任教。請你用英語寫一封電子郵件向他介紹你班的基本情況，內(nèi)容包括：1．班級人數(shù)；2．英語學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)狀；3．大家對他教學(xué)的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearMrSmith，I'mLiHua,astudentfromClass1,Grade3.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wearelookingforwardtoyourcoming!Yours，LiHua〖參考范文〗Dear_Mr_Smith，I'm_Li_Hua,_a_student_from_Class_1,_Grade_3.I'mgladtohearyouwillcomet